The problem of farmers' loan difficulties and the difficulty of rural credit cooperatives

China is a big agricultural country, and the rural economy occupies an extremely important position in the national economy. With the in-depth development of the rural economy, the demand for agricultural production funds by farmers has increased substantially, and the problem of “difficult loans” for farmers has become increasingly prominent. However, as a rural financial institution, the rural credit cooperatives have a problem of “difficult loans”. As a result, “the difficulty of peasant loans and the difficulty of loans for rural credit cooperatives” has become a strange phenomenon in rural financial markets. What is the crux of the problem? How to solve it?

Farmers "difficult to lend"

In the rural economic development, the difficulty of farmers' loans is a prominent problem in the current rural financial work. According to relevant information, last year, the agricultural loans of farmers from rural credit cooperatives were only about half of the personal housing loans of urban people. Some traditional agricultural counties have about 20% of the villages as “zero loan villages”. On the one hand, the demand for rural funds is expanding, and on the other hand, agricultural loans are becoming less and less. It can be seen that the difficulty of farmers' loans has been quite serious. What is the reason?

1. Farmers' loan difficulties are not the lack of rural funds, but a large amount of rural funds flowing to urban and non-agricultural industries. Some farmers said that the bank is "doing no support for agriculture, and supporting the poor." Due to the above-mentioned bank loans, the business outlets below the county level have less deposits in rural areas; the rural credit cooperatives are difficult to operate, often relying on the poor repayment ability of farmers, and are unwilling to lend money to farmers; A lot of money is concentrated on it. All of the above have caused 60%-70% of rural funds in many places to flow to cities and non-agriculture. According to statistics, since 1995, the amount of rural funds flowing to urban and non-agricultural industries in a prefecture-level city has reached more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for 66.7% of the total rural deposit growth in the same period. The loans issued by four state-owned commercial banks in a county last year accounted for only about 10% of new deposits, and most of the deposits were “drawn” by cities and non-agriculture. As a weak industry, agriculture has not only failed to receive "blood transfusion" but has been continually "blood-loss". The demand for production funds of farmers has not been met, resulting in active private lending. In some places, even the phenomenon of usury with a monthly interest rate of up to 3 points has greatly damaged. Farmers’ interests.

2. The loan procedures are cumbersome and the quality of credit services is poor, which is the direct cause of the difficulty of farmers' loans. According to reports, in some places, rural loans, in the case of various mortgages, guarantees, personal loans, corruption loans and other people are the level of the road, the amount of 10,000 yuan of loans, less than 8,000 yuan. Many grassroots cadres vividly summed up: "The idea is new, the slogan is loud, the task is hard, and the funds are 'soft'." The credit behaviors of individual rural grassroots credit cooperatives are not standardized, and most of the agricultural loans are used for other purposes, which has occupied the scale of agricultural loans. In some rural areas, many villagers have less arable land, less labor, and a heavier family burden. After the loan is repaid, the ability to repay the glory is to smash the target. Pain? Bad Jiao T睢谙丶谙丶? 鸩 鸩 肱┐寤 肱┐寤 肱┐寤?愫螅?┬派缰鸾コ晌?┐寤?愕奈ㄒㄒ戏ń鹑诨?梗?┟翊?畹奈ㄒ徽 嫱揪 挥 挥 挥 挥 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 患 lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang lang US>

3. The instability of the market price of agricultural products leads to the unguaranteed income of farmers. It is often the case that “high yields are not harvested”, which affects farmers’ timely return of loans. At present, the rural credit cooperatives have implemented the method that “the farmers do not return to have loans and cannot issue new loans”, which further aggravates the problem of “difficult loans” for farmers.

4. Some farmers have a weak credit concept, and there are often unhealthy phenomena such as escaping the debts of rural credit cooperatives, affecting the normal credit work of rural credit cooperatives, and also making it difficult for farmers to make loans.

Rural Credit Cooperatives "Difficult to Loan"

The main reason why the current rural credit cooperatives have difficulty in lending is not the ability of the rural credit cooperatives to lend. For example, Guangdong Xuwen County Rural Credit Cooperatives, as of April 30, 2002, deposits increased by RMB 123 million compared with the beginning of the year, while loans increased by only RMB 0.99 billion from the beginning of the year, and new loans accounted for only 7.3% of total deposits. . It can be seen that there is a lot of credit space in this. Then, why does the rural credit cooperatives have a “difficult loan” phenomenon?

1. The non-performing loans of the rural credit cooperatives remained high, and the adjustment of the credit structure was difficult, which became the main factor restricting the expansion of agricultural loans by the rural credit cooperatives. For example, Guangdong Xuwen County Rural Credit Cooperatives, the balance of various loans at the end of April was 495 million yuan, of which non-performing loans were 370 million yuan, a proportion of 74.7%.

2. Loan mortgage is difficult, and the issue of loan risk liability is another important reason for the difficulty of rural credit cooperatives. In rural areas, it is very difficult to handle loan mortgages, because farmers do not have real estate warrants, fixed assets ownership certificates and other mortgaged items, and they cannot handle the mortgage procedures at all. At present, many rural credit cooperatives strongly advocate the loan accountability system, and allocate the loan utilization indicators to the grassroots rural credit cooperatives. At the same time, they also put the loan responsibility to each loan officer through the loan first responsible person system. Therefore, in order to avoid the emergence of new non-performing loans, the loan officers are cautious and cautious, and it is a natural choice to seek stability and reduce loans to prevent risks.

3. The overall situation of credit officers does not meet the requirements of current rural financial development. Due to the low level of cultural level, ideological quality, and business philosophy of many loan officers of the rural credit cooperatives, and the inconsistent incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism, the loan officers lack the enthusiasm for lending. In addition, after the implementation of staff reduction and efficiency increase, the scope and workload of the credit officers of the rural credit cooperatives have doubled. Coupled with the ageing of the loan officers, the ability of the loan officers to increase the credit input and innovation work is obviously insufficient.

4. The rural credit cooperatives understand the “three rural issues” too narrowly. Rural credit cooperative loans have opened up support for rural industry and commerce, causing rural individual industrial and commercial households and agribusinesses to seek loan support from other financial institutions. This is very unfavorable for the development of rural credit cooperatives and the cultivation of high-quality rural customers. It is difficult for the agency to effectively issue a large loan and it is difficult to expand the loan scale.

How to solve the crux of "difficulty in loans" and "difficult loans"

How to effectively solve the contradiction between the “difficulty of loans” of farmers and the “difficult loans” of credit cooperatives has become the main problem facing the current rural financial development.

1. Fully promote the microcredit loans of farmers, increase the promotion of farmer's joint guarantee loans, and solve the problem of difficult loan guarantee for farmers. The rural credit cooperatives should use more than 60% of the new deposits to issue loans to farmers, and strive to achieve 40% of the loans of farmers. The rural credit cooperatives in the agricultural areas must have more than 50% of the loans. The rural credit cooperatives shall issue small-credit loans to farmers, and they must adhere to the principle of independent application by farmers, self-use of funds, independent repayment of principal and interest, and independent review of rural credit cooperatives, independent distribution, and voluntary recovery of loans. At the same time, according to the different situations in different places, according to the reasonable needs of farmers, the scope of use of loans will be expanded to better provide financial services for farmers, so that the demand for farmers' loans will be basically solved.

2. The rural credit cooperatives should join hands with the local government to jointly implement the rural “credit project”. In view of the weak credit concept of some peasants and the evasion of bank debts, the rural credit cooperatives should take advantage of the fact that the rural credit cooperatives are close to the peasants and face the rural areas, and give full play to the role of the grassroots village party branches, village committees, and village cadres. Party branches, village committees, and village group cadres are familiar with the situation and high prestige, so that they can act as “business consultants” and “credit instructors” of credit cooperatives. They can refer to the production and management of farmers and their income status, and recommend them to credit unions. The borrower has become a bridge and link between the peasants and the rural credit cooperatives, helping the credit cooperatives to check the good loans, not only helping the farmers to expand the scale of production and operation, but also urging the creditors to repay the loans and pay the interest, so as to ensure that the funds are released and collected. . The large increase in loans, especially for rural households, not only effectively solves the problem of farmers' loans, but also optimizes the asset quality of credit unions and improves the operating conditions of credit unions. At present, rural credit cooperatives and local governments in some places have worked together to build a rural “credit project”, which has achieved remarkable results.

3. The rural credit cooperatives should improve their work style and combine the farmer's loan certificate system to simplify the credit procedures. For a long time, the complicated credit procedures and poor service attitude of loan officers are the main factors restricting farmers' loans. In order to combine local characteristics, the rural credit cooperatives should implement new measures such as “customer one card pass”, “agricultural property letter of credit”, “prospering agricultural rich card” and other convenient farmer loans, and adopt one approval, one signing, use and loan, and use of turnover. , deposit and loan remittance, make the loan method more flexible, in order to increase the amount of loans. At present, “Customer One Pass” has been promoted and used in some places and is very popular among farmers.

4. Give full play to the role of supporting agriculture and refinancing, increase farmers' income, and improve operational efficiency. The rural credit cooperatives should combine the local economic characteristics, use the funds to support agriculture to support the adjustment of agricultural structure, and have plans to support characteristic agriculture, such as “three high” agriculture, planting and aquaculture that meet market demand, and give full play to it. The demonstration effect of supporting agriculture and refinancing helps farmers get rid of poverty and become rich. Practice has proved that only when the peasants are rich can they finally activate the rural financial market, the industrial structure adjustment market and the consumer market, and effectively solve the problem of farmers' loan difficulties and the difficulty of the rural credit cooperatives.

With the continuous deepening of financial reforms, the pace of bank withdrawal and contraction will be further accelerated. The task of solving the problem of farmers' loans and the difficulty of lending to rural credit cooperatives will be even more arduous. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives, vigorously organize funds, make full use of rural financial funds, and actively support the development of rural economic base. We believe that with the continuous strengthening of the supervision of the rural credit cooperatives by the People's Bank of China, the deposits of the rural credit cooperatives will continue to increase, the economic benefits will be further improved, and the rural credit cooperatives will fully open small credit loans, and the farmers' loans will be difficult. The difficult loan problem of the rural credit cooperatives will be solved.