Preliminary Study on the Priority Development Strategy of Public Passenger Transportation in XX City

Preliminary Study on the Strategic Decision of the Priority Development of Public Passenger Transportation in XX City

Abstract: With the rapid development of China's economy, automobile consumption has grown rapidly, causing urban traffic to become increasingly crowded, which has seriously affected the city's economic development and residents' lives. In order to solve this problem, the Ministry of Construction of China issued the No. 38 file on March 6 this year to solve the increasingly serious traffic problems in the city with the strategic decision of “prioritizing the development of public transportation”. The content of this paper is based on the strategy of “public transit priority”, combined with the basic situation of XX cities, and a preliminary discussion on how to implement this basic strategy.
Key words: XX city public passenger transport priority development strategy decision

Preliminary Study on the Priority Development Strategy of Public Passenger Transportation in XX City
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As China's economic level continues to grow, the people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the development of the automobile industry has brought many conveniences to people's lives. This convenience has also had a serious impact on slow-moving urban transport. In order to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, many cities and foreign countries have adopted different methods and strategies, such as: vigorously developing urban road construction, limiting the number of urban vehicles, increasing the cost of using vehicles in cities, and prioritizing public development. Transportation, etc. Through the development of five or six decades, the strategy of bus priority has been highly praised by the management of the same industry for its low cost and good performance. To this end, on March 6, 2004, the Ministry of Construction of China issued the No. 38 file "Opinions of the Ministry of Construction on Prioritizing the Development of Urban Public Transportation", and put forward the "priority development of public transportation" to solve and prevent the increasingly serious problems in China's cities. Traffic congestion problem. So how can we make better use of this strategy and implement this strategy better? First of all, we must fully understand the "public transport priority."
First, the concept of priority development of urban public transport should understand the meaning of "public transport priority", we should first understand the concept of urban public transport in order to better understand "public transport priority." Urban public transportation: It is a public passenger transportation system composed of various economic modes convenient for public use in the city. It is an important urban infrastructure and a basic function of the city. It is part of the urban infrastructure. Social welfare undertakings related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. So how does “bus priority” come from? In the late 1960s, the traffic in Paris was also congested by the rapid development of private cars. From the lessons learned, the world took the lead in proposing a “public transit priority” strategy, vigorously developing public transportation, and greatly alleviating urban traffic. The problem is convenient for the public to travel. The concept is that the city's urban passenger transportation is dominated by a large-capacity, fast-time large public transportation system, and other transportation vehicles are supplemented by public transportation systems. Among them, large capacity refers to MRT, ground trams, trolley buses, buses, etc. The rapid public transportation system includes signal lights priority, special lane priority, overall navigation system, mobile vehicles with good maneuverability, fast and convenient getting on and off. Paid ticket design, etc.
Second, the necessity of China's cities to give priority to the development of public transport Since the reform and opening up, China's urban public transport has developed rapidly. However, with the improvement of residents' living standards, the increase of urban population and the advent of the automobile era, problems such as urban traffic congestion and inconvenient travel have become increasingly prominent, affecting the normal life of the citizens and the development of urban economy and society. Giving priority to the development of public transportation in China's cities is not only an effective measure to alleviate urban traffic congestion, but also an inevitable requirement for improving urban living environment and promoting sustainable urban development.
Bus priority can improve the efficiency of using multiple resources. The road utilization rate of bus buses is 4 times that of bicycles and 10 times that of cars. The parking space per capita of cars is 16.6 times that of public transportation. In the case of limited urban roads and parking lots, buses can be the largest. Limiting the efficiency of use; in terms of transportation energy consumption, the average passenger car consumes 4.5 times more fuel per passenger than the bus.
Public transport priority can reduce pollution and improve the urban environment. In most urban air pollution, automobile tail gas pollution accounts for 50%. The tail steam pollution caused by each passenger transported by a bus is 10% of that of a small passenger car. Therefore, the use of large bus buses is widely used to limit the use of other motor vehicles. Effectively reduce the degree of air pollution and improve the quality of people's living environment.
Public transport priority can better represent the basic interests of the broad masses of the people. Public transport priority is not a kind of privilege, but a policy measure adopted by different interest groups. It represents the interests of the general public. Its essence is "the people's public priority" and an important measure to practice the important thinking of the "three represents." This reflects the public policy of social equity.
Since there are so many advantages in bus priority, how should we implement it? This depends on the specific circumstances of each city, starting with different priorities. In mountainous areas and large cities, due to uneven roads or long distances, people use less human transportation. In the plains and small and medium-sized cities, due to the flat roads or short travel distances and relatively low economic level, most people travel. Use human transportation. Most of the residents and long-term residents use private transportation, and most urban migrants travel more by public transportation. The situation in each city is different and the strategic focus will be different. Now let us take Baoding City as an example to analyze the problems and specific implementation plans of the city's implementation of the bus priority strategy.
I. Overview of the city
XX City is located in the middle of the North China Plain; the urban population is 954,200; the urban area is 312.3 square kilometers; it is a small and medium-sized city. The per capita road area is 11.74 square meters, the road network density is 1.29 km/km2; the city's motor vehicles are 934,887 units, with an annual growth rate of 20%-30%. It has 517 buses and 6.1 bids per 10,000 people. The national standard has 12 standard tables per 10,000 people. There are 52 bus lines, and the daily passenger traffic is 15-18 million. The average operating speed of buses is 14.6 km/h. The national standard is 20 km / h. In 2003, there were 638,000 bicycles in the city, about 3,000 taxis; about 5,000 motor tricycles. The bus sharing rate in urban citizens is only 6%-8%.
II. Problems Existing in the Development of Public Transportation in the City Public transportation plays a major role in promoting economic development and facilitating the lives of the citizens in urban development. Due to the historical debts and the rapid development of the recent economy, the demand for transportation has increased rapidly. Large, under the pressure that the old problems have not been fully resolved, many new problems and signs have emerged.
In the face of the upcoming serious problems, lack of understanding, lack of sense of crisis, due to the limited urban area of ​​the city, and the location of the plains, most people use bicycles. However, with the establishment of the city's “One City Samsung” plan, the urban area will continue to expand, and the distance traveled by citizens will continue to increase. As residents' living standards improve, citizens will abandon their bicycles and the number of people who choose private cars will be greatly increased. increase. However, the construction of the old urban area of ​​the city is relatively compact, and the road area growth capacity in the built-up area is limited. In the future, a large number of vehicles will be filled on a limited road, and the upper and lower classes of the city lack sufficient understanding and insufficient preparation for this problem. , lack of sense of crisis.
The lack of preferential policies to support the development of public transport priority is not long. Some preferential policies for bus priority are still in the gestation stage. The public transport priority can only play a role in publicity and publicity, and no exact terms can be implemented. It is difficult to form an effective synergy, unify the awareness of various departments, and jointly support the rapid development of public transport priority.
Without relevant regulations, the lack of unified management of the passenger transport market in the public passenger transport market is limited to the “No. 57 Document” promulgated in 1999, and this method is cancelled because it does not meet the requirements of the “Administrative Licensing Law” of the recent sunrise. situation. In this way, the city's management of the public passenger transport market faces an inability to rely on. Although the city's bus passenger transport market implements an operational access system, but because there is no corresponding administrative law enforcement power, this system is ineffective. As a result, vehicles of various types and types of passengers in the bus passenger transport market are flooded, and there are many illegal charges and obsolete vehicles. The performance is poor, the tail steam pollution is serious, the quality of the passengers is low, the chaos is stopped, the contraband is turned over, the xenon lamp is pressed, and so on. The violation of traffic regulations sometimes occurs, security is not guaranteed, and passengers are randomly captured at the bus stop. The bus entry and exit station was blocked. To unified management, comprehensively improve the quality of public transport, establish a good public transport reputation and image, and cause certain obstacles to the development of public transport.
The city's passenger transport market management is two, one is: the passenger transport office of the city administration, and the other is the transportation management office of the transportation bureau. The Passenger Transport Management Office under the Urban Management Bureau manages the urban public passenger transport market, that is, the management of the “bus industry”; the transport management office under the Transportation Bureau is responsible for managing the management of suburban passenger transport management and urban taxis. This formed the phenomenon that the two units jointly participated in the management of the urban public passenger transport market and formed a multi-head management. As a result, the development of large public passenger vehicles in the city, suburban long-distance passenger vehicles, urban taxis and motor tricycles, and human tricycles are unbalanced. They are politically and disorderly, flooding the cities, forming vicious competition, and having poor transportation capacity. They cannot be effectively connected. The municipal government cannot comprehensively regulate and regulate the passenger transport city, and the regulation is weak.
Bus station facilities are seriously inadequate
1. The layout of the parking lot is unreasonable, the area is small, the scale is not going up, and the logistics support facilities are backward.
There are 14 bus stations in the city, half of which are in the center of the city, and they are scattered, which is not conducive to the planning of the network. As a result, some routes are unreasonable, which brings inconvenience to the citizens for transfer and high cost of car transfer. In the existing stations, the total parking area is 20,000 square meters, which is only 50% of the national standard. Now many vehicles have to stop by the roadside, which poses great difficulties for security. With the increase of public vehicles, this contradiction will be even more protruding. The modern bus station should be equipped with functions such as parking, cleaning, maintenance, maintenance, refueling, and safety fire protection. Due to the small scale of the existing stations, it is impossible to realize the integration of the above functions; even if there are some functions, the equipment is outdated and cannot meet the actual needs, resulting in high cost of future maintenance and logistical support.
2. There are few bus stops, unreasonable layout, incomplete facilities, lack of necessary dispatching facilities for the first and last stations and variable rooms of the site coverage area, only 21 harbor-type stops, and many new residential buildings and new roads are not planned. Set up a bus stop.
Lack of financial support The city has increased its financial expenditure on public transport development in recent years, and the development of public transport has undergone a major transformation, which has improved the city's public transport capacity. However, with the rapid increase of vehicles in recent years, the traffic congestion problem will still be more serious. At present, the city needs to pay 6.7 million yuan for vehicle renewal in 2005, and 4.6 million yuan for construction of station facilities. The construction fund and compensation funds are not in place, which restricts the development of public transportation. The fare is deviated from the actual price. In the sex ride, the annual and monthly tickets and the free ticket expenses cost 1 million yuan, which made the development of public transportation worse. To solve this problem, it is difficult to work only by the power of the bus company. The municipal government should make greater investment in the public transportation infrastructure, and in essence guide the industry into a rapid development track.
Multi-factors restrict the speed of bus travel in urban areas The main reasons for the slow speed of buses include roads, vehicles and drivers. At present, the main reason for restricting the running speed of the bus in our city is the poor capacity of the road. According to the survey, the normal driving time of the bus line in our city only accounts for 30%-40% of the total running time, while the proportion of Germany in the developed bus is 70%-75%. The delay time of the bus at the intersection is 20%-25% of the running time, while the proportion in foreign countries is 2%-10%. In normal operation, the vehicle speed is low, the vehicle performance is poor, and the bus lane is lacking to improve the vehicle speed. The skill level of the driver needs to be further improved.
Public transport technology is relatively low in content. The city's public transport now only implements IC card technology, and vehicles that do not currently implement unattended IC card technology still account for 30%, and vehicles that do not meet the urban clean energy vehicle technical standards account for 20%. The low-floor vehicles that facilitate passengers getting on and off are only 20%. At present, there is no operational research on the global positioning system installed on the bus. The system can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the public vehicle, improve the on-time rate, facilitate overall scheduling, reduce operating costs, and facilitate passengers to select vehicles.
IV. Priority for the implementation of the city's public transport implementation plan According to the city's traffic conditions, priority to develop public transport is imperative, in order to alleviate the urban traffic congestion problem, according to the "bus priority" strategic decision, the following implementation plan.
Increase publicity and establish the concept of giving priority to the development of urban public transport. In the entire urban transportation system, we must establish the awareness of “public transit priority”, support public transportation in law and policy, introduce competition mechanism in system reform, and plan and manage it. Research has made public transport superior to other modes of transportation, thus achieving priority development. “Broadway priority” is not limited to the priority of road space management, but should be comprehensively considered and analyzed from all angles and from multiple angles. Judging from the current situation, although the “public transport priority” policy has been put forward a few years ago, the actual results are very small. There are many reasons. One of the most important factors is the lack of understanding of the status of public transport in urban transport. The rules and characteristics of transportation itself are not well understood, and management departments and road users lack the awareness of “public transit priority”. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education, raise the awareness of “public transit priority” for road managers and users, and at the same time strengthen the industry quality education of passengers in the public transportation system, so that the public transport image is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, so that the urban traffic environment can be improved and people can be improved. Conscious use of public transportation means a virtuous circle between individual transportation and public transportation.
Formulating preferential policies to ensure that public transport pioneering public transport has social, public welfare and service characteristics, and the economic benefits of enterprises are not obvious. It is very normal to have losses in the early stage of operation. Therefore, a series of special policies must be adopted to support public transport development. Such as the reduction of taxes and fees to reduce the burden on public transport enterprises, the establishment of public transport priority funds.
Establish and improve the regulatory system for the city's public transport passenger transport market. Before the introduction of laws and regulations on the urban passenger transport market in the country and the province, combined with the actual situation of the city, the establishment of the bus passenger transport market management method in the passenger transport management can be based on evidence, Chapter can follow. Actively participate in and cooperate with relevant departments to formulate laws and regulations on the management of public transport passenger transportation. Promote the promulgation of laws and regulations on the management of public transport passenger transportation in the country and the province. As soon as possible, the implementation of administrative management, and gradually combined with laws and regulations, administrative management, and the main changes in the management of laws and regulations. A management organization that integrates responsibility and responsibility. While clarifying the preparation and functions of the Passenger Transport Office, the Group will establish a passenger transportation market management inspection team to ensure the implementation of laws and regulations.
Establish a standard system for prioritizing urban public transport and improve various technical indicators for urban public transport. Determine uniform standards in terms of station construction, vehicle configuration, bus facilities and equipment, and service quality. The infrastructure and vehicles that are put into operation must be constructed and provided in strict accordance with the standards.
Strengthening the role of urban planning in urban public transport priority should complete the "XX City Urban Public Transport Special Plan 2005-2020" as soon as possible. In order to ensure the comprehensiveness and forward-looking of the plan, the plan should establish a unified leadership organization, organize professional teams, and manage the planning work in a unified manner, comprehensively coordinate, and listen to opinions from all sides and repeat the argument. In the urban planning, the construction site of the bus station will be reserved in strict accordance with the "Code for Design of Urban Public Transport Stations, Fields and Plants", especially in some new construction projects, the site should be reserved for the old city. It is advisable to ensure the use of the bus station by means of reconstruction and expansion. In the planning, it is necessary to emphasize the importance, basicity and advancement of the design and construction of the bus station, and to clarify the source of funds, so that the plan can be implemented as expected. In the planning, it is necessary to implement the guidelines for public transportation construction. In the construction of urban road network, according to the scale of urban development, priority should be given to the construction of public transportation facilities, such as bus stations and first and last stations, commercial center hubs. The station is connected to the transfer point and other priority construction. At the same time, in the event of conflict with other facilities, priority is given to the construction of public transport facilities. The construction plan of the bus passenger station is included in the urban construction design and painting. After the construction, it is handed over to the public management department of the city for unified management, and the system of paid use of the public passenger station is implemented. The establishment of the urban area as the focus, the coordinated development of the suburbs of Samsung City, the suburban integration of the big bus pattern. When planning large-scale urban functional areas, it is necessary to avoid an increase in inter-area flow due to the lack of planning functions among urban areas.
The priority of road use priority roads is to effectively improve the running speed of public vehicles. It means that buses can enjoy more road priority access rights, thereby improving road use efficiency, increasing bus speed, reducing passenger travel time and attracting passenger flow. The main measures include: 1. No parking for other vehicles is allowed within 30 meters of the bus stop. 2. Set bus lanes: 1 In the section with more bus lines, more than 3 lanes in a single line, set bus lanes, and the bus has full use rights. 2 In the section where the traffic volume changes greatly with time, the bus lane is set, and the bus has the right to drive the road preferentially, and enjoys all the right to use during the traffic peak period. 3 In the bus line with large bus flow and frequent blockage, the bus lane is set. On the specific road section, one or several bus lanes can be drawn through signs and markings, and the bus can enjoy all the right to use. 4 Set the bus-specific entrance road at the intersection, and the bus entrance road should be combined with the bus lane. 3. Optimize the cross-road signal system: 1 Adjust the signal period. When formulating the signal of the intersection, prioritize the traffic and operation of the bus to achieve priority traffic for the public vehicle. 2 Use the bus sensing signal to achieve bus priority by using the bus sensing signal at the intersection. 3 Use the bus to release the special signal. When the bus enters the intersection from the bus lane, the bus-specific signal light will display green ahead of the general signal to ensure that the bus passes through the intersection.
Establishing a reasonable public transport fiscal policy The public welfare requirements of public transport must establish a reasonable public finance policy and incorporate part of the operating expenses into the municipal budget. It mainly includes: 1. Policy support: Establish economic and fiscal policies that prioritize the development of public transportation. In addition to the reduction and exemption of some taxes and fees, the establishment of a special fund for public transport priority development will provide financial guarantee for the construction of urban public passenger transport infrastructure, the addition of operating vehicles, and the enhancement of the system's scientific and technological content. 2. Policy compensation: 1 Appropriate compensation will be given to some of the losses caused by the bus fare policy to the bus operators. 2 Compensation for social welfare services undertaken by public transport enterprises, such as: elderly, military, disabled, free rides, monthly passes, and government-induced tasks.
Determining the development goal of urban public transportation According to the trend of traffic development in other cities in China, the city's public transport development policy is formulated. Such as: controlling the total number of motor vehicles, priority to the development of public transport based on buses, long-term development of public transport including rail transit, limiting the development scale of taxis, controlling the development of cars, strictly controlling the development of locomotives, and gradually Eliminate the tricycle and guide the bicycle to travel gradually by bus.
Moderately promote the market-oriented scale of public transport In order to promote the orderly development of urban public passenger transport, the principle of “government support, state-owned, diversified investment, scale operation, and moderate competition” should be adopted. Mainly: 1. Deepen the reform of state-owned bus enterprises, optimize capital structure, multi-party financing, and implement part-time operation in some urban lines, such as social office lines. 2. Continue to implement the franchise system, allow line auctions and line leasing, accelerate the investment of public transportation in a market-oriented manner, and adopt a combination of government-led and market operations to develop the city's public transportation in all directions.
Improve the level of science and technology and service quality, increase public transport technology investment, rely on modern information technology to promote the benign interaction of travellers, vehicles, transportation facilities and traffic environment to form an information-based, intelligent and socialized public transport system. mainly includes:
1. To realize vehicle dynamic monitoring and regional centralized dispatching in a short period of time, use GPS satellite positioning and dispatching system, and through various information dissemination media, enable travellers to timely and accurately understand the relevant information of public transport in the city. 2. Use green bus to increase the humanized design of the bus and formulate the plan for trolleybus and light rail. 3, the opening of the big station express train, the focus of the use of large capacity and comfortable air-conditioned car. 4. Strengthen the construction of industrial civilization, strengthen vocational skills training, improve the standardization of public transportation services in the city, and make the citizens convenient to travel, so that passengers can change their minds and make the bus become the preferred means of transportation for citizens.
Establishing Management Organizations In order to ensure the smooth development of Baoding City's priority development of public transportation, the municipal government should strengthen organizational leadership, establish a public transport priority leadership group, coordinate relevant departments to formulate practical measures, implement relevant policies, and promote the healthy development of urban public transportation.