Discussion on the Issues Affecting Rural Stability

In the past two years, with the stagnation of agricultural income, the decline of farmers' income and the strong impact brought by China's accession to the WTO have brought a series of problems to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The direct manifestation is that the peasants' dissatisfaction is gradually increasing, the cadres are increasingly alienated, and the rural instability is also increasing. Maintaining rural stability has become the focus of the national party's rural work at this stage and for some time to come. Many people of insight also fully recognize the importance of stable work in rural areas. Cheng Xiaonong, an expert on Chinese issues at Princeton University, once wrote that the "three rural issues" are probably the most serious challenges in the many challenges facing China in the 21st century. The premise and basis for solving the "three rural issues" is to maintain and maintain the rural areas. Social stability. Therefore, the Party Central Committee has repeatedly stressed that party committees and governments at all levels must attach great importance to stable work and stability is overwhelming. How to maintain and maintain the stability of rural society? The author believes that it is necessary to raise awareness, prescribe the right medicine, overall linkage, and comprehensive management, so that the rural stability work can be truly implemented.

1. The contradictions in rural society are becoming more and more complicated, and the difficulty of maintaining rural stability is further increased.

At present, the social contradictions affecting rural stability mainly include conflicts between public security and chaos, contradictions between the cadres and the masses, and contradictions in rural economic development. The contradiction between public security and chaos is highlighted by the increasing trend of civil disputes and economic disputes in land, forests, marriage and family, economic contracts, etc.; the frequency and number of rural population movements are increasing, while management has not kept up; rural feudalism Superstitions and scums have arisen, and some peasants have been blindly religious. The family struggles of a few village groups have become more and more fierce, resulting in improper folk customs and poor public security. The main problems of the contradictions between the cadres and the masses are as follows: First, the peasant burden is still heavier. In some places, the high-level indicators of economic development accumulated over a long period of time, and the question of the high speed of fiscal and taxation growth have not been properly solved. In order to complete the super-real taxation and taxation tasks, I have to increase the burden on the peasants, and some of them are still arguing outside the policy and charging in disguise, causing the farmers to be extremely dissatisfied. Second, a small number of cadres do not respect the wishes of the peasants, and engage in forced orders in the adjustment of agricultural structure. When the market is not sure, the losses caused by the peasants will be unilaterally borne, and the peasants will be distrusted by cadres to resentful cadres. Third, a small number of rural grassroots cadres have been angered by the peasant people because of their political integrity, false public interest, and unfairness. The contradiction of rural economic development is mainly manifested in the fact that in recent years, there has been no increase in peasants' income, and the rural economy as a whole has stagnated or even regressed. At the same time, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened, causing the opposition of some peasants who are trapped in extreme poverty to increase and become the biggest potential for rural instability. factor.

Although the contradiction of social security chaos is more prominent in some aspects and local areas, it has a certain impact on the stability of rural society, but in general, it will not affect the stability of the overall situation. Because of the problem of social security, governments at all levels have a common understanding, and through years of practice, a set of effective working mechanisms have been formed to grasp the comprehensive management of public security. In particular, the crackdown on rectification in recent years has yielded remarkable results. Therefore, as long as the intensity of comprehensive social security management is further increased, social security can be completely solved and controlled. As for the contradiction between the rural cadres and the rural economic development in the new era, the situation is very complicated, the upper and lower understandings are not consistent, and subject to various factors, it is very difficult to solve.

Therefore, we must do a good job in the stability of rural society. First of all, we must continue to pay close attention to the rectification of public security issues. Secondly, it is necessary to carry out in-depth and meticulous investigation and research on the contradictions of the cadres and masses, start with strengthening the construction of democracy and the rule of law, effectively change the style of cadres, adhere to the administration according to law, and establish a new type of relationship among cadres and people as soon as possible. Faced with the current reality in rural areas, we must not only believe in and rely on the broad masses of peasant people, but also pay great attention to the enthusiasm of mobilizing and protecting rural cadres; it is necessary to seize issues with tendencies in a period, such as cadre style and peasant burdens. At the same time, we must vigorously solve the problem; at the same time, we must advocate comprehensive grasp of the situation, dialectically think about the problem, analyze the specific problem, avoid partiality, and prevent one tendency to cover another. Third, we must focus on the development of the rural economy and do everything possible to increase the income of farmers. In particular, we must learn to use the laws of market economy to guide agricultural production and help farmers solve practical problems. We must not stabilize stability, but we should find out the deep-rooted causes of instability, aim at the target, and treat both the symptoms and the roots, so that the countryside can be truly stabilized.

Second, the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres is difficult to be effectively protected, and the strength of maintaining stable work needs to be further strengthened.

The maintenance of rural stability must build the first line of defense, and the enthusiasm of rural grassroots cadres is directly affected whether this line of defense is stable. At present, some rural grassroots cadres, especially village cadres, are not enthusiastic about their work. The main reasons are as follows: First, the burden of peasants is still heavy. At present, the county and township government agencies are bloated and large in number. In order to meet their own interests, they have to “pressurize” the grassroots cadres and make the central burden reduction policy at the grassroots level. As a cadre, village cadres must not only implement the higher-level policies, but also act as representatives of rural self-governing organizations, and must safeguard the vital interests of the peasants. In these two difficult situations, they have to unload their burdens and detours. Second, the village-level finance carries a heavy burden. According to the data, at present, two-thirds of the village-level collectives do not have a collective economy. What is more, some village-level collectives carry tens of thousands or even millions of yuan of debts for various reasons, and they have great Some of them could not be repaid, which inevitably caused great psychological pressure on the village cadres, making them feel that the work was difficult to carry out. Third, the treatment of village-level cadres is difficult to implement. Most of the village-level cadres are the pillars of the family and the main creators of economic income. Driven by family responsibilities, they must bring more material benefits to the family. The current rural economic environment cannot achieve their goals, so they cannot Work with peace of mind. Fourth, the rural family forces control the village-level political power. In some villages with strong family powers, the family’s “patriarchs” often hold power, while village-level cadres with relatively weak family powers sometimes have to act according to their intentions, especially when mediating contradictions and disputes and adjusting the distribution of benefits. Often influenced by family power. In some villages with similar family powers, they often “combine” each other, and some even propose to “take turns to sit on piles”, which makes it difficult to carry out the work in the village.

How to effectively protect the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres? The author believes that the main work should be done in three aspects. First, it is necessary to broaden the channels for employing people and choose cadres without any restrictions. The selection of rural grassroots cadres should be broad-minded and far-sighted. They should not be restricted to their own villages. They can be "selected" from veterans, returning colleges and high school graduates, and "picked" from township enterprises and private entrepreneurs. From the county and township government cadres, "send" to promote the young and middle-aged talents recognized by the people with high prestige, political quality and work ability to work in rural grassroots cadres, and at the same time strengthen the cultivation and use of rural reserve cadres, and actively Explore new ideas for the selection and management of rural grassroots cadres. Second, we must work hard to improve the quality of grassroots cadres. Of course, improving the quality of rural cadres is a long-term process. It is consistent with economic development, social progress, and the improvement of the overall quality of farmers. It is impossible to achieve the desired level in a short period of time through several concentrated education and rectification. But in this respect, it can make a difference. At present, the practice of open village affairs, villagers' deliberation, and democratic appraisal of cadres in various places is essentially to create conditions for the improvement of the quality of village cadres and the masses of peasants, improve the relationship between the cadres and the masses, and maintain rural stability through democratic and rule of law. Effective measures. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the intensity of these efforts in order to achieve practical results and prevent the flow of form. Third, we must objectively evaluate the treatment of grassroots cadres. In dealing with grassroots cadres who have made mistakes, they should combine critical education with understanding, understanding and love. The hostile deliberate acts of cadres, such as the power of self-control and the oppression of the people, must be resolutely stopped and dealt with according to law. The contradictions caused by the low quality and improper methods of the cadres should actively guide the cadres to raise awareness and help them improve their working methods. They urged them to work hard to resolve conflicts; they should give strong support to those who cannot perform their official duties properly, eliminate interference, and relieve worries. At the same time, it is necessary to adopt various ways and means to implement and solve the treatment of rural grassroots cadres so that they can work with peace of mind. For rural grassroots cadres, especially rural grassroots cadres in economically underdeveloped areas, they cannot be fully blamed. They are the lowest level, poor quality and easy problematic among the existing rural cadres, and they are always on the front line, often entangled in Among the various contradictions, the problems on them should be "grasped and let go", the criticism of education is strict, and the organization is handled wide.

3. The role of the peasant people has not been fully realized, and the basis for maintaining stable work needs to be further consolidated.

To maintain rural stability, we must vigorously strengthen the building of democracy and the rule of law in rural areas. We must also trust the people, rely on the people, and use the magic weapon of the "people's line." In recent years, although some local anti-group activities have been carried out, such as the establishment of guarding villages, guards and so on. But to be realistic, the work has gone through some places, especially in villages with poor conditions and problems. The peasant people did not really get involved, and the problems that should be solved through this work were not really resolved. The main reasons are as follows: First, some rural grassroots cadres are not strong. Some rural grassroots cadres believe that the current quality of peasants is generally low. Relying on them to grasp the stability of the countryside is a matter of talking on paper and adding more snakes. Therefore, everything is done by themselves, not good at relying on the people, mobilizing the people, and taking the popular line as an embellishment. Second, the awareness of the rights of some peasant people is weak. Affected by long-term feudal ideology, some peasants lack the right to self-protection. They do not realize that maintaining rural stability is the right to safeguard oneself. It is a one-sided view that grasping rural stability is a matter of government departments and cadres, and has little to do with themselves. The third is the impact of objective conditions. At present, in many villages, young junior high school graduates are mostly outside the long-term. There are few young people with technology and door-to-door youth, and most of them stay at home. They are mostly "old, weak, sick and disabled", lacking subjective requirements and objective participation. condition. Fourth, some cadres floated. Some department leaders like to study "bonsai", often starting from the environment of leadership, cadre quality, and high level of public awareness, to cultivate the typical, to "rough" and "fine", not to sum up experience according to the development process of things Instead, they acted according to their own understanding, especially overestimating the degree of awareness of the peasants in the vast backward areas at this stage, ignoring the fact that the current market economic system is still not perfect and the citizens’ legal awareness is still weak. The difficulty of participating in the construction of democracy and the rule of law has led to the creation of something that is “reasonable and legal, unrealistic, and good to listen to.”

In view of the actual quality level of the peasant people at this stage, we should work hard in the following three aspects: First, we must effectively increase the propaganda and education of policies and laws, and further create conditions to enable peasant people to participate more in the practice of building democracy and the rule of law. Only under the premise that more farmers know the law, abide by the law, and protect the law can the process of building democracy and the rule of law in rural areas be truly advanced. Second, we must effectively protect the peasant people's democratic rights and fully mobilize farmers to participate in politics, discuss politics, and supervise politics, and guide them to activities within the scope permitted by laws and policies. However, we must strictly prevent "promoting the people's fighting cadres" and "indulge cadres to rule the people." Such as bad tendencies. The third is to strengthen support and supervision. It is necessary to fully realize that the implementation of democracy and the rule of law in rural areas, which are deeply rooted in small farmers' awareness, traditional concepts and customary forces, must be a difficult and tortuous process. We must persist in fighting a protracted war, not a war of movement, so that the building of democracy and the rule of law in rural areas can be continuously promoted.

4. Local governments lack solid and effective means of remediation, and measures to maintain stable work need to be further broadened.

At present, the biggest troubles for rural grassroots cadres in grasping rural stability work are “lack of means”, which generally reflects the difficulty of handling minor violations of petitioning, non-fulfilment of obligations, and nuisance to the people. The reason why this problem arises is that the legal means is not perfect, the law enforcement is weak, and it is also trapped in the misunderstanding of the mind. It is impossible to correctly understand and grasp the "administration by law" and will not comprehensively use the various means. If some rural grassroots cadres are overly dependent on the rigidity of the law, all the hopes of solving the problems are pinned on the new laws and policies introduced by the higher authorities. When there is no time, passive waiting, once it is, it is simply used, hard-hitting, trying to replace the hard and meticulous work with national coercive power, and the result can only be to cover up or intensify contradictions. Another example is that some cadres have gone through difficult problems and have no means to do things. They have given up their duties with peace of mind. Another example is that some cadres are in the village according to law, and every stipulation that the village regulations should be legally based on the laws and regulations. The administrative activities of the state organs are not reasonably separated from the villagers’ autonomy. The pro-approval and effective measures have been dismissed as "the soil method", which has damped the enthusiasm of the cadres and people for self-management and affected the actual effect of administering the village according to law. In the primary stage of socialism, the situation of the rule of law in rural areas in China is very complicated. Legal consciousness and traditional concepts coexist. The rule of law and habitual forces coexist. Civilized behavior and backward practices coexist, thus determining the rule of law in rural areas during this period. Advanced and backward coexistence, the old and the new are mixed, the struggle is fierce, and the various factors interact with the rule of law construction process. In this stage, a single, ideal concept and practice will not work. Therefore, in the construction of democracy and the rule of law in rural areas, we must emphasize the need to act in accordance with the law and prevent the "rule of the people" from replacing the "rule of law". At the same time, we must use the magic weapon of the people's autonomy to solve the problem of the current work. To analyze the so-called "earth policy" in detail, and to adopt an illegal and uncivilized way to oppress the people, such as beatings, bundling, imprisoning, and fighting people, for the personal will of the cadres, we must resolutely stop and never give up; Work needs, for specific targets, adopting economic, public opinion, morality and other means appropriate to the quality of the people to solve specific problems, such as appropriate fines for violations of village regulations, public announcements, no rankings, no priority to enjoy the village collective The service shall be understood and supported for those who have not paid water and electricity fees for a long period of time, such as water and power cuts. This kind of "earth policy" should be regulated according to the following principles: First, in accordance with the will of the people, the popular support method is legalized through the form of the "small constitution" of the village rules and regulations. Second, as for the measures taken, as long as they conform to the principles of the Constitution and the law and protect the fundamental interests of the majority, they should be affirmed and cannot be required to have the existing legal provisions. Third, the implementation of the measures must go through a certain open program to facilitate public supervision.

5. The cooperation between the government departments is not close, and the joint efforts to maintain stable work need to be further improved.

Stable work in rural areas is a complex social system project. The "regulation of chaos", "governing the poor" and "treating the blasphemy" must be carried out at the same time. It must not be neglected and requires close cooperation between various departments. At present, the cooperation situation of various departments is far from satisfactory. Especially in the current situation that the financial allocation system is still not perfect, driven by economic interests and the will of the chief executive, some political and legal organs often contend for "economics." The case and the "political case", while the cases of unprofitable or not big and small are intertwined and pushed each other, resulting in the comprehensive management of some places is unruly. Therefore, according to the current reality in rural areas, party committees at all levels should strengthen the unified leadership and supervision of political and legal organs, carry out centralized rectification of places of public security and chaos, and regain local tranquility. In addition, while doing a good job of coordinating internal organs of politics and law, we must also pay attention to coordination with other agencies. It is not enough to rely solely on political and legal organs or a certain department of the government to maintain rural stability. Moreover, it is feasible and realistic to implement the overall linkage and comprehensive management of various departments, because the activities of some agencies in rural areas are directly Or indirectly related to rural stability. For example, the organization departments in the rural areas to build poverty alleviation, strengthen the construction of rural party branches and other activities, the propaganda department to create a safe and civilized oasis, the selection of five-star farmers, "three rural areas" and other activities, as well as other departments to carry out agricultural restructuring And the construction of water conservancy activities, etc., are all carried out around the construction of two civilizations in the countryside. Because they have not been unified and coordinated, some are activities for activities, which often lead to grassroots poor coping, and each has not achieved the intended purpose. Therefore, party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen organization and coordination. When necessary, they should mobilize the whole party and carry out centralized and comprehensive management of outstanding problems in rural work. Only in this way can rural stability work be truly implemented, and a long-term, orderly and peaceful development environment for the rapid development of the rural economy will be created.