Reading practical experience

Part 1: Read the practical theory of experience

Comrade Mao Zedong's theory of practice is a philosophical and theoretical work with great milestones in the process of Marxism's sinicization. It is Comrade Mao Zedong's concentrating on the wisdom of the whole party, combining the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism with China's revolutionary practice and pioneeringly It puts forward practical concepts and theories with Chinese characteristics. It is a scientific and Marxist concept of practice with Chinese characteristics that guides the great achievements of national independence, people's liberation and socialist exploration in modern and contemporary China. It is the epistemology of dialectical materialism and science. The concept of unity of knowledge and action. Comrade Mao Zedong's practical thought is a Marxist world outlook and method with great guiding significance. The theoretical breakthrough is an inestimable reference for guiding us to adhere to the scientific development concept, building a well-off society in an all-round way, and building a socialist and harmonious society. significance. As a college student, shouldering the historical responsibility of the future construction of the motherland, he should not hesitate to pursue the theory, study the theory hard, practice the skills, improve the sound personality, and under the guidance and leadership of the party, do the bright future for the Chinese nation. Make your own contribution!
The Development of Marx's Outline of Feuerbach and the Scientific Materialistic Practice of Marxism
"Marx's previous materialism, leaving people's sociality, leaving people's historical development, to observe the problem of understanding"
The problem of practice is one of the most important core ideas of Marxist theory. It is one of the most vivid theoretical manifestations of the advanced nature of Marxism. It is also a vivid symbol of the Marxist's distinction between all other backward thoughts.
Rational thinking and comprehensive care of practice began with the theoretical exploration of Marx's youth. Among them, Marx's "The Outline of Feuerbach" can be described as an authoritative reading of this philosophical category, and also a vivid tutorial for us to understand and master the methods of Marxist thinking.
In "The Outline of Feuerbach", Marx's unique insights about Feuerbach are spurred into the world, decomposing science, and being highly combative, full of philosophical implications.
In Marx's words: "The main shortcoming of all materialism in the past is that objects, reality, and sensibility are understood only from object or intuition, rather than as activities of sensible people. To understand, not to understand from the main aspect." Here, Marx directly leads to the extremely meaningful discussion about the object and subject, the intuitive and essential, the philosophical categories of sensibility and rationality, and the great predicament of materialism in reality. It was exposed naked to the people.
Next, Marx further pointed out: "I don't understand the meaning of 'revolutionary' and 'practical critique' activities." This links the materialistic crisis to the level of understanding of practice.
"Do people's thinking have objective truth, this is not a theoretical problem, but a practical problem. People should prove the truth of their thinking in practice, that is, the reality and strength of their own thinking, the shore of their own thinking. Sexuality. The debate about the reality or the unrealisticity of thinking—the thinking that leaves practice—is a question of pure scholastic philosophy.” In Marx’s view, the problem of pure scholastic philosophy is the problem of idealism, even though The understanding of the human spiritual world, the scholastic philosophy has its own contribution.
Through such construction, Marx pioneered a unique way of understanding the truth, that is, "subjective cognition" - "human practice" - "objective test" - "recognition" The road to access. It also provides an effective theoretical development paradigm for later Marxist researchers. Comrade Mao Zedong's "Practice Theory" can be regarded as a theoretical paradigm that combines Marxist materialistic practice theory with China's actual national conditions to develop a materialistic practice view with Marxism with Chinese characteristics. Comrade Mao Zedong's "Practice Theory" is in the same vein as Marxism-Leninism. It is the essence of advanced theory that is rich in modern Chinese Marxism.

Part 2: The experience of learning practice theory

"Practice Theory" is a dialectical materialism epistemology. I believe that people who don't understand philosophy can't understand things profoundly; without philosophical thinking, they can't carry out abstract thinking of things. Therefore, it is necessary to study philosophy carefully. To this day, I still read the philosophical works of Contradiction and Practice. In 1937, Mao Zedong elaborated on the issue of epistemology with the theme of "practical theory". There are both theoretical and practical reasons:
First, the practical point of view is the primary and basic point of Marxist epistemology, and it is the main feature of Marxist epistemology. Second, the "left" devotionalism of the party's memory, ignoring practice, causing serious losses to the Chinese revolution, using practical The majority of party members and cadres in ideological education are realistically targeted. "Practice Theory" has an important guiding role in understanding the social problems that appear on the road of socialist economic construction in China today. In the practice of building a harmonious society, it is necessary to read the article "Practice Theory". First of all, practice is the source and foundation of understanding, and it is the driving force for understanding development.
The practical point of view is the primary and basic point of view of Marxist epistemology. This basic view is critical to the subjectivism of criticism, especially dogmatism and externalism, and is the ideological work of ideological and political work in ideological, political, military, and economic work. Attitude is extremely targeted. Mao Zedong pointed out: "No matter who you want to know, in addition to being in contact with that thing, that is, living in the environment of that thing, there is no way to solve it." Similarly, in the work, we must understand and master people's thoughts and correct theories and viewpoints. They must go deep into practice, investigate and study, come from the people, go to the people, and master the first-hand materials. The fundamental mistake of the dogmatists' way of knowing the truth lies in their familiarity in reading, memorizing and excerpting the individual words of classic books. They think that they are 100% correct theorists, taking classic books as dogmas, squandering them, separating them from the people, talking about theories, scaring people. Has already caused resentment from the people. For example, some fake economists and so-called elites with reform signs believe that China's economic reform has now reached the final stage of tackling the hardship. At a crossroads, moving forward is to establish a perfect market economy that meets the requirements of the United States and Britain. If you don't connect with the United States, Britain and other countries, you will step back and return to the dead end of the planned economy. This kind of theory lies so much that it is the root of the mistakes of the country over the years. China is indeed at the crossroads. The consequences of the privatization movement of state-owned enterprises that have deviated from China's actual situation in recent years have gradually emerged on a broad level of economic, political and social. In the process of privatization, the wrong slogan of laid-off and diversion, and the reduction of staff and efficiency has caused the layoffs of thousands of state-owned enterprises, which is contrary to the initial commitment of the party and the government, and violates the party’s purpose and the "three represents." The spirit has caused some people to lose the goal of state-owned assets without the supervision of the people; in the process of privatization, the industrialization of education has caused more families and children to have no money to study, or even extreme situations; in the privatization movement In the process, the hospital turned away from the reform of the principle of saving the wounded and dying, and saving the disease. As a result, nearly half of the patients in the country were sick and did not go to the hospital. Half of the people who went to the hospital should be hospitalized and not hospitalized. Intensifying social and class contradictions has already reached the edge of endangering people's peaceful life. It has seriously deviated from the most basic requirements of the Communist Party of China: "Strengthen the concept of serving the people. This is the minimum requirement and the highest requirement. "Isn't the privatization of state-owned enterprises should be terminated immediately?" China's social situation, security situation and international environment are facing severe challenges. Only some of the current social problems and phenomena in China can be explained only by using the Marxist class perspective, and we can find appropriate countermeasures. This is the market economy that must adhere to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and adapt to it. Therefore, strengthening the party's thinking, organization and work style, adhering to the practice of the first point of view, opposing dogmatism and opposing the idea of ​​worshipping foreigners and foreigners are currently important and urgent. Only by solving the problem of guiding ideology can we strengthen cohesiveness and combat effectiveness, unite and mobilize the people of all nationalities in the country to carry out socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.
Second, "Without the theory of revolution, there will be no revolutionary movement." Revolutionary theory has an important guiding role. Empiring the theory and even denying the theory of empiricalism is also wrong. Mao Zedong severely criticized the empiricists and pointed out that "they respect the experience and look down on the theory, so they cannot see the whole process of the objective process, lack a clear policy, have no great future, and are complacent and self-satisfied with the merits and insights. If such people guide The revolution will lead the revolution to the point where it hits the wall." For example, China’s education for all and the destruction of the health system: the implementation of education industrialization and medical marketization policies have made China’s free universal education and the national health system almost completely collapse. This is the result of empiricism. The direction of reform has made the national schools and hospitals market-oriented, making private schools and hospitals aristocratic, making the poor look down on the sick, and the poor children can't afford to go to school. However, the rights of poor children to education are ignored, and private fundraising and social donations are required. The original state-owned schools and hospitals have become markets that can make a lot of money. This right of the Chinese people is being deprived of the marketization process. Through the barriers of high tuition fees, the children of the poor will be abandoned for generations! The basic guarantee for the people to receive medical and health treatment has also been fundamentally undermined. Isn't such a reform a lie? Mao Zedong insisted on the view that "there is only a solution to the problem, and the theory solves the essential problem." "If the theory is not linked to revolutionary practice, it will become an objectless theory. Similarly, if practice is not guided by revolutionary theory, It will become a blind practice. The principle that theory is related to reality and that theory has a reaction to practice is not only the guiding ideology for building a socialist harmonious society, but also the historical experience and basic principles of the party's ideological, political, military, and economic work. This requires us to attach importance to the theoretical education of Marxism and play a guiding role in the theory. Ideological and political workers can't talk about things, stay at a low level and shallow level, but must study Marxist theory, raise the practical problems in each work to the theoretical level, and constantly create ideas, politics, military, and economics. A new situation in work.
Third, "practice is the sole criterion for testing truth." Determining whether the truth of knowledge or theory is determined not by subjective feelings, but by the outcome of objective social practice. The standard of truth can only be the practice of society. "Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. It is also the only criterion for testing the success of ideological, political, military, and economic work. On the one hand, theories, principles, guidelines, methods, and effects of ideological, political, military, and economic work are all needed. In practice, it can not be tested by subjective imagination, nor can it be confined to the original conclusion; on the other hand, not only "discover the truth through practice, but also prove the truth and develop the truth through practice", the practice is constantly developing and changing, the truth It is a dialectical unity of relative and absolute, so it is necessary to develop truth along with changes in practice. Ideological, political, military, and economic work cannot use Marxism as a dogma, nor can it use theory to cut facts, but should continue to practice in practice. Verify, modify, supplement, and improve plans and programs to adapt to new situations and solve new problems. Fourth, adhere to the understanding line of “practice, understanding, practice, and understanding again.” “Practice, understanding, practice, and then Understanding, this form, reciprocating and infinite, and the content of each cycle of practice and understanding It rises to a higher level degree. "This is the dialectical development process of understanding. According to this basic principle, in the ideological, political, military, and economic work, we must adhere to the cognitive line of "practice, understanding, practice, and re-recognition" and continuously improve the work level. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Rational understanding depends on perceptual knowledge, and perceptual knowledge needs to be developed to rational understanding." "From perceptual knowledge and subjective dynamic development to rational understanding, and from rational understanding and subjectively active guidance of revolutionary practice, transformation of subjective world and objective world." Therefore, in the ideological, political, military, and economic work, the understanding of the ideological nature of the object of the object and the changes in its activities cannot be stopped by the specific sensible materials; the understanding of the working object cannot be satisfied with the level of experience. And after "thinking", "making", "to get the rough, to falsify the truth, and to the other, from the table and the inside", to obtain rational understanding, summed up the regularity. The correct understanding of things is in the long-term, meticulous practice In the middle, it has reached a virtuous cycle of spiraling upwards. Practice has proved that the greatest danger facing China today is not a strong enemy, but a whole idea of ​​guiding reform. The Chinese cannot always be Americans and Westerners. It is induced by the economic reform model provided. It cannot follow the path of Americans, British people and the International Monetary Fund to set and guide the Chinese. It is a series of traps, one step, one step! The collapse practice of Soviet society has proved This is a dead end! China’s path of harmonious development is developed and recognized in China after decades of development. , More practice, more understanding of the theoretical understanding of social development, "the summary drawn.

Part Three: "Practical Theory" reading experience

Comrade Mao Zedong's "Practice Theory" is concise and simple, and it is profound and simple, and the profound and thorough interpretation of the practical theory is carried out in vivid language.
Comrade Mao Zedong used the materialist dialectical point of view to discuss the process of cognition and the dialectical relationship between cognition and practice in the "Practical Theory--On the Relationship between Cognition and Practice." Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in the article: "The first step in the process of understanding is to start to contact the outside world and belong to the stage of feeling. The second step is to organize and transform the materials of comprehensive feeling, which belongs to the stage of concept, judgment and reasoning. Only The material of feeling is very rich and practical, in order to create the correct concepts and theories based on such materials.” But “the understanding movement has not yet ended. The dialectical materialistic understanding movement, if only to rational understanding, then only Speaking of half of the problem. And for the philosophy of Marxism, it only talks about the non-essential half. Marxist philosophy believes that the very important question is not to understand the regularity of the objective world, and thus to explain the world. It is to take this kind of understanding of objective regularity to actively transform the world. Here, Comrade Mao Zedong emphasized the dialectical relationship between cognition and practice, pointing out that through understanding movement, not only must we understand the regularity of objective practice, but more importantly It is necessary to use this understanding to actively transform the world. In other words, understanding comes from practice, and we must use cognition to act in practice. Looking back at the great achievements of the CCP since its establishment, it is the best practice of this theory.
The countryside surrounded the city and the armed revolution seized power. In December 1939, Mao Zedong pointed out in the article "The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party" that in order to achieve a revolutionary victory, "there must be an advanced and consolidated base area for backward rural areas, resulting in military, political, economic, and cultural The great revolutionary position, against the use of the city to attack the fierce enemy in the rural areas, in order to gradually strive for the full victory of the revolution in the long-term battle." Comrade Mao Zedong through the analysis of the Chinese revolutionary environment at that time, through the comparison of the enemy and China forces, against China The revolutionary situation draws a correct understanding and puts forward the theory of establishing a rural revolutionary base. It uses this theory to guide China's revolutionary practice and finally achieves a revolutionary victory. This is the practice of the relationship between knowledge and action discussed in the "Practice Theory" during the revolutionary period. As Comrade Mao Zedong’s article on war in the article, “The leaders of war, if they are people without war experience, the profound guiding laws for a specific war, they are not understood at the beginning. They are only at the beginning. I have experienced a lot of combat experience, and the defeat is a lot of play. However, because of these experiences, they can understand the internal things of the whole war, that is, the regularity of the specific war, understand the strategy and tactics, and thus be able to grasp To guide the war."
After the founding of New China, with the transformation of major social contradictions, the party and state leaders correctly understood the main contradictions in the country and decisively put forward the focus of work in the new era--reform and opening up, focusing on economic construction. Faced with the contradictions between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the relative backwardness of domestic productivity, the party and state leaders proceeded from reality and proceeded from the main contradictions at that time, and made correct judgments on the situation at that time, forming an important understanding. In particular, at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the decision on reform and opening up was put forward. This decision was to fully analyze the main contradictions of our country at that time. From the actual situation at home and abroad, we got a correct understanding and used this understanding to guide our society. The practice of doctrine. Throughout the changes in the Chinese society since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, people's living standards have steadily improved, and achievements in all aspects of society, economy and culture have attracted worldwide attention. "The East Dragon Wakes Up," the world is also exclaiming the great changes in China. The correct understanding of the world has guided practice. This is what is mentioned in the "Practice Theory". The cognitive movement can not only recognize the objective laws of the world, but also use subjective initiative to use the objective laws of the world to transform the world. The party and state leaders have been unswervingly guiding the practice of socialist construction with Marxist Mao Zedong Thought, and thus have achieved great achievements in socialist construction. The guiding significance of "Practice Theory" has been strongly proved!
With the advancement of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics and the deepening of reform and opening up, the party and state leaders are in danger of vigilance, proceeding from reality, following the principles of Marxist philosophy, and under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, constantly deepening their understanding of what is socialism. How to build socialism has carried out serious and profound thinking. The party and state leaders with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core have proposed the greatness of the "three represents" on how to build the party and build what kind of party based on China's national conditions. The idea points out that China's communists always represent the development requirements of China's advanced social productive forces, represent the direction of China's advanced culture, and represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The social and historical environment in which we live is changing. The understanding must be deepened according to the current reality. It cannot be stagnant. Cognition is a process. It is a process of recognizing rational understanding from perceptualism. It is also a practice. Accept the test in practice and use the correct understanding to guide the continuous and repetitive process of practice. For the correct understanding of the world and the revealing of the objective regularity of the world, the important theoretical results obtained guide the practice. The "three represents" thinking can be an important theory that the party's leaders correctly summed up the historical laws and combined with China's current reality. The "three represents" thinking is the crystallization of the profound understanding of the historical laws by the party and state leaders. Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out: Our party represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Therefore, all the work of the entire party comrades serves the people wholeheartedly, all in order to achieve good, develop and safeguard the interests of the people. Any act that violates the will of the people and harms the interests of the people is not allowed. The "three represents" thinking will profoundly grasp the essence of things and summarize the objective laws. Under the guidance of the "three represents" thinking, the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the party will surely bear fruit and fruit.
The practice of socialist construction under the guidance of correct understanding has yielded fruitful results, and the understanding of socialism has not been completed. The "Practice Theory" points out that cognition is a process of continuous deepening. Socialist practices have achieved success, and there are also some problems. At the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the general consensus of the CCP is that "at present, Chinese society is generally harmonious, but there are also many contradictions and problems that affect social harmony. Keep a clear head and profound understanding of the stage of China's development. Characteristics, scientific analysis of the contradictions and problems affecting social harmony and the causes thereof, more proactively confronting contradictions, resolving contradictions, maximizing the factors of harmony, and minimizing the factors of disharmony are important for realizing China's long-term development goals. Guarantee.” Being able to break through the satisfaction of the achievements that have been achieved, and proceed from reality, to look at the problems encountered in China’s development in a realistic way is a manifestation of deepening understanding. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the development goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the first 20 years of this century. "Social harmony is more important". The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to "put the construction of a harmonious society in an important position." Since then, Hu Jintao and other leaders of the Chinese Communist Party have repeatedly conducted research on the issue of building a harmonious society and made important elaborations. A harmonious society is the harmony between spiritual civilization and material civilization. It is the harmony of economy, society and culture. It is the harmony between economic construction achievements and environmental resources. The theory of harmonious society has far-reaching significance for guiding China's socialist practice. Historically, China's culture emphasizes the unity of nature and man. From the perspective of reality, harmony is the pursuit of socialist practice, and it is also the most suitable development model at the moment. The construction of a harmonious society theory is in line with the law of social and historical development. Under the background of globalization, how to make China's socialist construction can continue to achieve success and achieve sustainable development requires such a theory as a guide. The construction of a harmonious society theory is a comprehensive theoretical system involving all aspects of socialist construction. Such an understanding will certainly promote the continuous advancement of China's socialist construction.
I have benefited from studying Comrade Mao Zedong’s "Practice Theory". Practice theory is the new development of Marxist thought and the theoretical crystallization of dialectical materialism. "Discovering truth through practice, and confirming truth and developing truth through practice. From perceptual knowledge to active development to rational understanding, and from rational understanding and active guidance of revolutionary practice, transformation of subjective world and objective world. Practice, understanding, Practice and re-recognize, this form, cycle and even infinity, and the content of each cycle of practice and cognition has entered a higher level. This is the whole epistemology of dialectical materialism, which is dialectical materialism. The concept of unity of knowing and doing." Comrade Mao Zedong's ingenuity in the "Practice Theory" is self-proclaimed!

Part 4: Reading Comrade Mao Zedong's "Practice Theory"

The real task of human cognition: understanding the objective law, "achieving the understanding of reason"
"The real task of understanding is to reach the mind through feelings, to gradually understand the internal contradictions of objective things, to understand its regularity, to understand the internal connection between this process and that process, that is, to reach the understanding of theory."
The complete set of objective laws is the ultimate goal of human understanding and the ultimate achievement of the limits of human cognition. The reality that the infinite infinity of absolute truth cannot be reached completely makes human beings' unremitting pursuit of infinite truth become an infinite number of battles with heads and tails, and also causes human beings to fall into an unpredictable battle.
The focus of today's discussion is not on the timeliness of practice, but on the importance of practice. We believe that the ultimate goal of practice has no change or the possibility of transfer. Whether in the past, now or in the future, it will be the understanding and grasp of objective laws.
? Understand the different manifestations of the characteristics of the two phases of the process
"Emotional understanding is something that belongs to one-sided, phenomenological, and external connections of things. The understanding of reasoning advances a big step and reaches the whole, essential, and internal connections of things."
The structural characteristics of understanding, the similarities and differences between its low-level and advanced stages. The low-level and advanced stages of cognition appearing in the process of understanding are unified in the whole process of cognition. At the same time, it is also the internal mechanism of human cognition ability in its different stages.
The sensibility leap to rationality and the re-taking of rationality to a deeper level reflect the constant independence and deepening of human cognition. It reflects the strengthening of the objective world thinking ability and the dialectical reflection mode under the guidance of human beings. form.
There are no absolute boundaries in the low-level and advanced stages of the process of understanding. The two are always in a mutually reinforcing dialectical unity.
Dialectical unity of sensibility and rationality
"The nature of both sensibility and rationality is different, but they are not separated from each other. They are unified on the basis of practice."
In short, sensibility is the primary stage of cognition, and reason is the in-depth stage of cognition. Sensibility has its irreplaceable premise role and is the basis of rational speculation. Without a direct concept of sensibility, there is no possibility of further thinking. At the same time, we can't just stay at the primary emotional stage, without the sensibility to the rational leap, the depth of thinking can only be limited to the intuitive shallow stage, thus cutting off the profound and profound possibilities of the thought, and even Close the door to the truth.
Sensibility and rationality, the two can not be neglected.
? Feeling is the solution to the problem problem, theory is the solution to the essential problem, both are inseparable from practice
"It feels that only the problem is solved, and the theory solves the essential problem. The solution of these problems cannot be left out of practice at all."
To understand things, we must touch things. To grasp the reality and objective things, we must use realistic and objective methods.
Contact with things is to get a clearer understanding of the appearance of things and to obtain the necessary practical and intuitive material for speculation. By theorizing, conscious, and intensively the material obtained through visual contact, we can examine specific objective things in a more abstract and concise manner. However, we must pay attention to this point. At the same time that we are theoretical and abstract, we also make our own understanding of things indirect, that is, cut off the original direct relationship between us and other things. Here, the direct understanding of things becomes impossible.
Practice has made it possible for us to solve this dilemma. We have already realized that in solving the truth of feelings, practice is the sharpest "Occam razor" in solving the truth of theory.
Dialectical unity of direct experience and indirect experience
"A person's knowledge is not only the direct experience and the indirect experience. And in my indirect experience, the person is still a direct experience. Therefore, as far as the knowledge is concerned, no matter what kind of knowledge can not leave Direct experience."
We are truly aware that human rational understanding is deeply dependent on human perceptual knowledge.
From the order of understanding the process, feeling that experience is the first thing, no knowledge can leave the direct experience. From this, it is impossible to leave the practice. If one denies this, then he will Not a complete materialist.
The dialectical materialism's cognitive movement is based on the practice of transforming reality.
"The dialectical materialism's cognitive movement based on the practice of transforming reality---the deepening movement of understanding."
Comrade Mao Zedong's "Practice Theory" organically links the universal principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution and scientifically sums up the path of practical philosophy with Chinese characteristics.
In the arduous war of national liberation, various contradictions and struggles were fierce, and various types of relations were complicated. The harsh reality of the revolutionary struggle requires the Chinese Communists to adhere to the theoretical character of seeking truth from facts and to create a road to China’s own struggle.
The revolution means a fierce social and historical change, which requires people on the cusp of change to arm their minds with new, more realistic scientific theories and serve the great practice of a realistic revolutionary struggle. However, in the usual sense, the society above the new historical turning point has no ready-made experience to draw on. The road to victory is all new, the revolutionary goal is new, and the revolutionary exploration The road is even new.
Such a reality indicates that the success of the future of the revolution is based on real-world practice. The so-called "crossing the river by feeling the stones", only in the attitude of seeking truth from facts, in line with the worldview and methodology of scientific materialism, can we build a magnificent revolution and blueprint for construction in the real world. The struggle of reality is extremely complicated, and it is precisely this complicated social relationship that has enabled us to have a deeper understanding of social history, so that every level of progress in practice will be step by step to the essence of social history. Exploring the brilliance of realism.
? Knowledge begins with experience, this is epistemological materialism
"Rational understanding depends on perceptual knowledge. Cognition begins with experience---this is epistemological materialism."
The intuitiveness of foreign experience is the first step in our objective understanding of the world and the inevitable starting behavior of our understanding activities. As the so-called "knowing ourselves and knowing each other, fighting for nothing", in order to accurately understand the world, we must first understand the world scientifically. This is to first conceptualize the objective existence in our consciousness before thinking rationally.
Experience is the most meaningful food for the spirit. It is a powerful material for human beings to carry out production activities in the spiritual field. Only in this way, through the secondary processing of the spirit, the subjective image of the objective world is more objective and authentic.