Summary of construction professional technical work

Since I joined the work, I have worked hard and worked hard. With the guidance and help of my predecessors and masters, I have grown into a technical staff with strong business abilities. Here is my own experience:
First, the attitude is correct, rigorous scientific road and bridge construction work is a very difficult industry, wind and sun, but also to run around, but also need to work carefully, so no optimistic attitude towards life and rigorous scientific work spirit is not achieved. Although the measurement and test work can't be scientific research, it is definitely not a sloppy one. "The difference is a thousand miles, and the lost one is just a metaphor for the measurement work, and the "one son is wrong, the whole disk is lost" is just used to describe Test work.
Second, careful scrutiny, careful verification In the measurement and test work, the spirit of "careful scrutiny, serious verification" is very much needed, because this is not only a problem of work style, but also directly related to the quality of work.
Before the measurement and construction, the map must be carefully reviewed, and the place with errors on the map should be promptly submitted to the design and supervision unit. Before measuring the payout, use the data given in the drawings, use various formulas to verify, and use different calculation methods to repeat the calculations to ensure that nothing is lost.
Before preparing for the test, it is necessary to revisit the drawing to see if the design drawings have special requirements on the materials, or where there is any conflict with the current specifications. If there is a conflict, take the principle of “strictly and not wide” and timely Make a written report to the director. Before the test, it is necessary to revisit the operation procedure to ensure that the operation is correct, and it is impossible to read while reading, even if it is a simple test. Pay attention to the preservation and timely sorting of all kinds of raw data, because "experience is summarized from numerous data"!
The society is progressing, the times are developing, and only by continuous learning can we keep pace with the times. A variety of new construction materials and construction tools are constantly applied to the construction of roads and bridges. In contrast, Fan Wenwang provides you with a large number of free essays! More construction techniques and construction methods have been developed, and various specifications have followed development. If you can't improve yourself, you can't adapt to the development of road and bridge construction work.
Third, in combination with the actual, innovating in the work, we must constantly sum up the experience and lessons, and constantly improve, and apply the learned knowledge to the work in order to improve work efficiency. Such as:
1 The measurement and test data are directly input into the computer by the instrument, and the system calculates it by itself, which can greatly reduce the chance of error, save a lot of time, and is very convenient for saving, transferring and outputting data.
2 Enter the relevant data in the drawing, such as the line position relationship and the bridge coordinate, into the autocad, it is very easy to find out whether there is a problem with the drawing, and the relationship is easy to straighten out.
3 In the lottery operation of the total station, the “resection method” can reduce the requirements on the site.
4 The drawings do not provide coordinates and no nearby wire points. It can be assumed that a point on the graph is the coordinate origin. Using the various relationships on the graph, input to autocad to calculate the coordinates of other points, and review various data. And the data output is very easy, and then use the calculated coordinates to use the "coordinate stakeout" function of the total station, which can speed up the work process, especially reducing the time in the field.
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Fourth, the head of Nabaijia, make up for the shortness of their own in the contact with the design, supervision and other units to absorb the experience of others, usually go to other construction sections to observe and learn, learn their advanced construction methods and construction techniques. From the success or failure of others, we can see where the problem lies, and at the same time, we can also see our own shortcomings in order to achieve the goal of “the longevity of the family and the shortcomings of one.”
5. Strictly cautious and considerate in the work. Considering the problem must be strict and thoughtful. For places not mentioned in the design, it is necessary to consider the current norms and actual conditions to see if there are any omissions or errors. The following is a brief description of the various tasks:
(1) Review of drawings:
After receiving the drawings, the drawings should be reviewed immediately. There are many pictures, and the division of labor can be carried out. Each professional assigns a special person to be responsible, and the special person calculates the amount of work. The person examines the elevation, the person checks the coordinates, makes a clear division of labor, and has crossovers. Each job is carried out by two or two. After more than one review, the problems found shall be recorded in a timely manner, aggregated, and submitted to the design and supervision unit for further review by the technical person in charge. The following work is mainly carried out during the review:
1. Review the coordinates and comprehensively check whether the coordinates of any point are consistent with those given on the graph according to the line position table on the graph. In particular, multivariate curves, ramps, overpasses, etc., must be reviewed more than twice.
2. Check the elevation, and calculate the elevation of each point according to the height difference, layer thickness, longitudinal slope, cross slope, slope, etc. of each structure or structural layer to see if it matches the one provided on the map. If the elevation from the bottom of the pile foundation is calculated to the elevation of the bridge deck, it is calculated from the starting point of the road to the end of the road.
3. Review the quantity of the project, generally after the re-examination of the drawing size, and calculate according to the drawing size. The data in the engineering quantity table in the drawing shall not be copied. The actual situation should be considered in the calculation, such as:
a. The elevation of the pile top of some design drawings is the height of the top of the platform or the top of the beam. Then, when calculating the quantity of the project, two kinds of engineering quantities must be calculated, one of which is the quantity of measuring engineering, and the other is the preparation and construction of the construction unit. The amount of engineering used for management.
b. Be careful not to repeat calculations and missing calculations, such as:
i. If there are reserved holes in the engineering structure or there are large-volume embedded parts, the volume should be reduced.
Ii. The length of the inspection well or rainwater well should be subtracted when calculating the drain.
Iii. When calculating the engineering layer engineering quantity, pay attention to the calculation of the size and irregular area of ​​each side of the structural layer.
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4. Review the rationality of the drawings, such as:
a. Is the consideration of the elevation, line position and direction of structures such as communication, electric power, drainage, and sewage disposal reasonable and comprehensive? Is there a situation of mutual interference?
b. Whether the requirements of the design drawings conflict with the current various specifications. If there is a conflict, it is necessary to analyze, discriminate between “master control and sub-control”, and discriminate “level of regulation”. Generally, it is adopted that “severance is not wide”. The principles are handled and a written report is sent to the Supervisor Engineer.
(2) Construction management:
1. Preparation of construction management files: The preparation of the construction report of the unit project and each sub-project should be timely and perfected, and should be adopted as soon as possible. The design of each construction organization or the preparation of the construction plan should be combined with the actual and thoughtful consideration:
a. Some divisional projects should consider two or more construction schemes, and then select according to actual changes during construction.
b. The construction technology and the safety of the construction shall be timely and perfected.
2. It is necessary to consider whether the materials used in the drawings are more economical if they are replaced by other materials. Can the requirements of the design and current specifications be met after the replacement?
3. Do you have to consider whether there are special requirements for the construction method and construction technology in the drawings? Is it difficult to construct and need to be changed?
4. The arrangement of each construction schedule should be reasonable, and should be compiled in accordance with the actual situation, and adjusted according to the problems in the construction process.
(3) Measurement work:
1, wire and leveling:
1. Restore the wire points and level points: familiarize yourself with the lines to be measured before making the wire and level measurements, and select the measurement route to encrypt and restore the wire points and level points.
2. Preparation before measurement: Before the measurement, the relevant data needed should be calculated and reviewed in advance, and the calculation at the measurement site should be minimized to avoid affecting the work efficiency. Copy or copy the useful information in the drawings and drawings before departure. Bring relevant measuring tools and items as needed, taking into account weather conditions.
3. Precautions during measurement: When selecting the measurement, pay attention to the selection point. For the staff of the ruler, the technical basis should be advanced in advance, and the position of the point to be staked and the position of the added wire point should be explained. The safety precautions and the accuracy of the measurement will be affected. The main points are explained, such as the accuracy of the alignment, ranging, weather, air pressure, light, and the verticality of the ruler.
4. Measurement operation: Care should be taken when measuring, and retesting should be carried out on places with doubts. There must be no luck, especially the structures such as bridges and culverts must be retested and piled up.
5. Measured data: All kinds of raw data to be measured should be preserved and stored in time. The wire points and level points that still fail to meet the accuracy requirements after review should be reported to the chief engineer in time, and then to the design and construction units. Coordinated settlement.
2. Construction stakeout:
When constructing the stakeout, consider the rationality of the construction and the foresight of various problems that arise, such as:
1. The position of the side ditch and the temporary ditch should be considered when stakeouting the slope line.
2. Before the excavation of the subgrade and foundation pit, especially in the case of high excavation, the safety and construction site problems should be considered. The stakeout should be accurate and the excavation slope should be controlled well.
3. When the structure is staked, the stakes should be staked at the same time, and the distance between the point and the point should be checked according to the theoretical distance.
3. Data compilation of measurement work:
Nowadays, many surveyors do not pay attention to the arrangement of measurement data. This is a very wrong approach. Because the results of the measurement are not only reflected in the physical object, but also reflected in our data. The measurement data is not timely, which often affects the construction and completion acceptance. Therefore, we should pay attention to the preparation of the measurement data:
1. Timely and standardized data collection: The data should be sorted in time, and the data of the day should be completed on the same day. The form and format used to fill in the information should meet the requirements of the project. The content should be clear and complete, and pay attention to the current regulations. Match.
2, the visa is complete, the file is correct: after the data is sorted, the relevant personnel are required to complete the visa in time, without delay. After the procedures are completed, they should be archived in time. The classification should be correct when filing, and the materials should be kept by special personnel.
(4) Test work:
According to the needs of road and bridge construction, the test work carried out by the construction unit can be mainly divided into the following types:
1. Standard test: physical and chemical test of cementitious materials, compaction test of soil, sand and inorganic binders.
2. On-site inspection: compaction and slump of soil, sand and inorganic binder layers.
3. Post-construction testing: anti-pressure, anti-folding, impermeability, and geometrical dimensions of structures.
The type of experiment is mainly the sampling work of self-test and inspection.
In addition to familiarizing with drawings and operating procedures before preparing for testing, pay attention to the following issues:
1. Pay attention to whether the design drawings have special requirements for the materials.
2. The materials sampled on site should pay attention to the representativeness of the sample.
3. If it is necessary to witness the sampling or supervise the sampling inspection, the supervisory engineer shall be notified in time.
4, some standard tests should be carried out in advance, so as not to affect the construction, such as cement concrete or asphalt concrete and aggregate mix ratio, packing compaction test.
5 When carrying out the 砼 mix ratio test, full consideration should be given to the design and construction requirements, such as the degree of work, initial time, early and late strength, as well as the performance and price of the material, for economic comparative analysis to report to the company's leaders.
6 When carrying out the standard curve test of cement stabilized soil, attention should be paid to the influence of different batches of cement on the test results.
7 Asphalt test should pay attention to the construction conditions and the climate of the area to consider whether the asphalt can be used in the project.
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(5) On-site construction:
During the construction, it is necessary to consider the reasonable arrangement of the process and the foresight of various problems that may arise, such as:
1 The position of the side ditch and the temporary ditch should be considered when stakeouting the slope line;
2 Before excavation, especially in the case of high excavation, safety and construction site problems should be considered. The stakeout should be accurate and the excavation slope should be controlled well;
3 excavation of foundation pits should pay attention to the impact of groundwater;
4 Construction of structures should pay attention to embedded parts and reserved holes;
5 The construction of the bored pile foundation should pay attention to the control of the three major indicators of the mud. The depth of the underwater raft should pay attention to the depth of the buried pipe. It is necessary to pay attention to the amount of the rammed headstock, and the sputum perfusion should be completed before the initial enthalpy.
6 Before the foundation pit or road excavation, especially in the high excavation, the safety and construction site problems should be considered. The stakeout should be accurate and the excavation slope should be controlled well;
7 The processing length of the steel bar should be adjusted according to the actual situation, pay attention to the thickness of the protective layer of the steel bar;
8 large volume concrete construction measures should be taken to prevent the hydration heat of the concrete from being too large;
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(6), internal industry finishing:
Pay attention to the comprehensiveness, authenticity and timeliness of the data when carrying out the data sorting. Also pay attention to the design drawings and other special requirements of the owner and the supervisor. such as:
1 Some projects have strict requirements on safety issues. Therefore, when arranging the completion data, the daily safety activities before the shift, the construction safety technology of each project, the safety system and the management process of this project should be specially arranged. it is good.
2 Some projects have many alteration projects for various reasons, so the information about the changes, such as photos, pictures, project negotiation records, on-site measurements, measurement records, original design drawings, and change drawings, must be completed.
3 The acceptance records of all concealed works must be improved in time, and must not be lacking, otherwise it may bring serious consequences to the completion acceptance.
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(7) Budget:
When making budgets, we must pay attention to the actual situation of the company and the construction site for comprehensive consideration, in order to make the most reasonable budget. such as:
1 For some projects, if Party A specifies a certain material or equipment, it is necessary to carefully investigate the condition of the material or equipment, including the availability and price.
2 Some materials or equipment used in some projects are self-collected materials for the company, and the cost is lower. It can be bidding with a lower bidding base, and vice versa.
3 Some engineering Party A bears the testing fee.
4 Some construction roads are far away, and Party A does not compensate.
5 Some projects carry out material price adjustment, and some projects are calculated by total package, and the quantity of materials and material price are not adjusted.
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All of these factors must be carefully considered in order to make the most reasonable budget.
When the project is completed, it must be combined with the actual and the drawings. In particular, when there is a change project, attention should be paid to the completeness of the information, such as the change basis, on-site visa, original design and changed drawings, concealed acceptance of each process, intermediate measurement, etc. .