Project cost report

First, the purpose, significance and research status of the topic

The purpose and significance of the topic

The determination and control of the project cost is an important part of the project construction project management. It can take effective measures in the whole process of the project construction project, and control all the expenses incurred in the construction of the project within the approved limit, and correct it at any time. The deviations are to ensure the realization of management objectives such as investment estimation, design budget and final accounts, and achieve the purpose of rational use of manpower, material resources and financial resources to obtain maximum investment benefits. Based on the characteristics of the project investment movement and the law of movement, the control of investment in engineering projects involves all aspects. The basic control principles are: whole process, all-round control; control of different investment entities; reasonable setting of control objectives; Control of the combination of technology and economy.

In the investment decision-making stage, the determination and control of the project cost can be compared with the technical and economic aspects of multiple programs. The best construction plan can be determined, the scientific decision-making system can be established, the investment estimate can be reasonably determined, and the project evaluation can be done objectively and conscientiously to help avoid According to the deficiencies, improper methods, and blind decision-making, the limited resources can be used for the construction projects with good economic benefits, and the best solution is selected to achieve the purpose of controlling the cost.

In the design stage, the determination and control of the project cost can optimize the design plan, strengthen the technical and economic analysis in the design to promote the quota design, promote the standardized design, and thus actively influence the project investment, so as to effectively control the engineering investment and realize the design product. Advanced, reliable, and economical. At the same time, the control and management of investment quotas also achieved control over design specifications, design standards, project quantities and budgetary indicators. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling engineering investment.
The determination and control of project cost during the construction phase can control the investment of the project in the contract price or investment estimate, and strive to produce construction products with good quality and low cost during the specified period. The main methods of construction cost control in the construction phase are: construction bidding, reasonable selection of contractors, optimization of construction organization design, optimization of construction plans, rational arrangement and use of construction funds, strict control of engineering changes, and processing of engineering claims.
In short, the determination and control of project cost can use various effective measures to strengthen the management of engineering costs, the control of project quality and safety, and the management of the entire project are of great significance, and my comprehensive application capability is also Inspection, so I chose the project quantity list and project quotation for the Jiabao Jinyuan Building A, No. 6 plot in the central area of ​​Anyang District.

Research status

Since the reform and opening up, China's engineering construction standard quota and project cost management work have gradually adapted to the socialist market economy, and carried out a series of reforms in accordance with the guiding ideology of combination of transfer, supporting reform, small step, and gradual in place. And achieved good results. The history and current status of the construction project cost determination method has been from the 1950s. From the experience of the former Soviet Union, China has gradually established a budgetary quota system that meets the needs of the planning economy at that time. The prices of labor, materials and machinery are all The national unified regulations stipulate that the traditional budgetary quota is used as the basis for the construction project cost pricing. It has played a positive role in strengthening project management, reducing investment waste, and building the country more, faster, better and more economically. In the 1990s, China gradually transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy, the level of economic development continued to increase, and the economic structure became increasingly complex. The original pricing method could no longer meet the needs of market economy development. To this end, China’s construction project cost pricing The measures have undergone a series of reforms, such as adjusting the cost items of the project price, revising the relevant fees, profits, and tax calculation standards, and the fees are calculated according to the engineering category.

For example, the current calculation of the bill of quantities, which changes the pricing model based on the project budget quota, adapts to the project bidding and the need to form project cost by market competition, and promotes the development of China's engineering cost. It is simple and real, because it directly uses the “enterprise list quota” matched with the bill of quantities, and reduces the intermediate conversion link using the traditional quota, which effectively reduces the difficulty and social cost of the bill of quantities, because In terms of consumption and in terms of the price of human resources, it is highly consistent with the specific conditions of enterprises and even target projects. Therefore, the three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of “enterprise list quota” can truly reflect the individual costs of enterprises, which obviously reflects the social average. The cost of the quota is more realistic.

Of course, there are also some problems. Because the current construction market is not perfect, especially the reasons for the investment system and the irregularity of the behavior of investment agents, some projects that use the engineering quantity list pricing method to bid, the "winning price" is not necessarily true. Market competition price. However, as the market economy continues to develop and improve, it is believed that the list pricing will become the main pricing method in the construction market. For example, the development of engineering cost software such as Guanglianda is also an important research result of engineering cost management. It starts from the bidding of construction projects and focuses on project bidding and whole process cost management. It can provide pricing for all participants in the project. The software products, professional consulting and services of bidding management will gradually help you realize your "enterprise quota" and improve the core competitiveness in the future competition. It is a new generation engineering cost management tool for the future development direction of the construction industry. It is believed that with the continuous development of software companies specializing in the research and development of engineering cost management software, the cost management of engineering cost management software will continue to develop. The engineering cost management in the 21st century will rely more on computer technology and network technology, and future projects. Cost management will become information management.

All these reforms make the construction project cost gradually reflect its intrinsic commodity attributes. However, with the continuous development of the socialist market economy, there are still many problems in the construction project cost pricing method, which also indicates that deepening reform is still needed. Over the years, the traditional budget has always been used as the basis for determining the construction cost. Because it is compiled and managed by the competent national authorities, the company does not have the autonomy of pricing. The process of determining the construction cost is just a special plan. In the implementation process of the program, the construction project cost determined according to the current determination method is still essentially a project price, which is far from the requirements of the market economy. As the reform deepens and the degree of openness becomes higher and higher, the current construction project cost Determining methods are showing more and more drawbacks.

1. The construction project cost is difficult to reflect the objective law of the value law. The law of value requires that the value of the commodity be determined according to the socially necessary labor time. The tendency is to cost and increase the price of the profit, and the construction project cost is no exception. The budgetary quotas uniformly prepared by the competent national authorities are not the actual labor productivity of each construction enterprise, nor the socially necessary labor consumption required for the production of a specific project. The project cost level cannot reflect the socially necessary labor. Level. Because the socially necessary labor time required to produce a certain commodity cannot be artificially regulated, it must be formed through competition among producers whose production conditions are different from each other. Therefore, the construction project cost determined according to the budgetary quota of the national unified preparation cannot reflect the objective requirements of the value law.

2. The construction project cost is difficult to reflect the supply and demand relationship of the market. The current pricing method stipulates that the construction project cost calculation must be carried out according to the basic tendency indicators stipulated in the construction and installation project budget. The budget of the project budget is compiled by the competent national authorities. The compilation, research and revision of the budget of the project budget cannot reflect the changes in the market in a timely manner, and cannot reflect the changes in the relationship between supply and demand. Although various regions have set various related adjustments. Coefficient, but the "coefficient" from measurement to execution still lags far behind the market's change speed, which is not conducive to the adjustment of the receiving market, so that the current construction project cost pricing method is difficult to reflect the supply and demand relationship of the market, and the construction project cost cannot be reasonably determined. .

3. Construction project cost is difficult to embody the principle of competition. Implementing market competition in accordance with the principles of fairness, openness and fairness is the key to cultivating, improving and developing the market. Market competition must be carried out around the core of price, which will inevitably require construction project cost. To reflect the principle of competition, we must clearly show the strengths and weaknesses of each competitive enterprise. However, the current construction project cost pricing method requires that each competitive enterprise with different production conditions, ownership, and level must determine the cost of a construction project according to the same calculation method and pricing basis. The price levels of each competitive enterprise are almost the same. It can't reflect the strength of the company. It is difficult to reflect the principle of competition without any difference in price.

4. Construction project cost is difficult to reflect the principle of high quality and good price. The construction project is a special kind of commodity, and its quality is also divided into high and low. The current quota only stipulates a unit price, which does not conform to the principle of commodity exchange based on quality, and affects the contractor to improve. The enthusiasm of quality is difficult to reflect the principle of high quality and good price.

5. It is not conducive to the formation of a unified, open and orderly construction market for the current construction project cost pricing method. All provinces and industries have compiled their own project budget estimates. Due to historical and customary reasons, the calculation rules are different. The names and contents of the projects are different, which brings certain difficulties to the construction project cost calculation, which is not conducive to the formation of a unified, open and orderly construction market.

To sum up, the reform of the construction project cost determination method should conform to the development of the socialist market economy and gradually integrate with the international market. With the improvement of the socialist market economic system and the further deepening of China's construction industry system reform, the reform of the construction project cost determination method is imminent. The construction project cost should be realized by the enterprise independent pricing according to the market conditions and its own conditions. Only in this way can the construction project cost reflect the objective requirements of the value law and reflect the supply and demand relationship of the market, so as to reflect the competition principle. However, since China is still in the primary stage of the socialist market economy, many corresponding laws and regulations are still not perfect, and the entire construction market cannot be formed in full market competition. Based on the current actual situation, to solve the problems existing in the construction project cost determination method, the following aspects can be firstly carried out:

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1. Unify the national construction project by part name, content, measurement unit, and calculation rules, so that the calculation of engineering quantity has a unified standard, which is conducive to the formation of a large national market, making the calculation of the amount of work clear and clear, reducing the valuation of contracted parties. Dispute.

2. Fully implement the quota separation of quantity and price, and change the national budget quota system to the national release of the project consumption quota. The unit price will accompany the market, and the variable order and guidance price will be the market information price. The ever-changing price is separated from the relatively stable physical consumption.

3. The fixed consumption should be divided into two parts: the substantive consumption enforced by the state and the two types of measures that the enterprise independently formulates according to its own conditions, in order to facilitate the construction enterprises to compete.

4. On the basis of the part of the unified project, the unit of measurement, and the calculation rules, the comprehensive price valuation method of physical engineering quantity is implemented. According to the current fixed pricing method, the cost of each sub-item of the project cannot be directly reflected. It must be recalculated before the fee can be known, which blurs the relationship between the cost of each sub-project and the total cost. The implementation of the comprehensive pricing method that directly determines the project cost according to the direct fee plus the comprehensive cost is conducive to the valuation of investment control and subcontracting, design changes, etc., and is also conducive to the integration with international practices.

5. Establish a nationwide engineering cost information network, timely release the market prices of various labor, materials, and mechanical equipment, and timely release the market transaction prices of various construction projects to guide the pricing of construction projects.

Second, the research plan and expected results

subtitle

The main content of the graduation design, the introduction of the framework and its compilation method

Self-standing subtitles in order, can be written from the following aspects: [U1]

1. Introduction of the preparation object: Building A of Jiabao Jinyuan, No. 6 plot in Anyang Central District is a new and competitive project, which is divided into installation engineering, decoration engineering, civil engineering and other unit projects. The divisional project is a component of the unit project and is a smaller project that is decomposed in the unit project. For example, the civil engineering project is divided into: basic engineering, masonry engineering, concrete and reinforced concrete engineering and other sub-projects.

2. Preparation of cost files - construction drawing budget, bidding quotation

After the overall engineering quantity of the construction side construction drawing is determined, the following project direct cost and measure fee pricing principles are carried out:

The unit valuation method is adopted for piles and foundation engineering, factory warehouse doors, special doors, wood structure engineering, metal structure engineering, roofing and waterproofing works, anti-corrosion, heat insulation, thermal insulation engineering, and various branches included in the decoration quota. The valuation of the sub-item.

The physical quantity method is used to carry out the calculation of earthwork, masonry, concrete and reinforced concrete projects, super-high buildings, artificial and mechanical reduction, and measures.

[U2] 3. Develop methods and clarify the reasons. [U3]

The physical quantity quotation method is used in conjunction with the unit valuation method, and the construction cost of the company is determined by using the Guanglida list price software.

After using the unit valuation method to determine the total engineering quantity, apply the unit valuation form, use the Guanglida budget software to determine the direct engineering fee and the measure fee, make the material analysis, list the resource list, and conduct the material search. Using this method to calculate some sporadic project cost, the price of materials used in these projects is small, and the overall cost of the project is less affected. At the same time, due to the unified basic data, the unified consumption and compensation standards are determined for Jianan products. The state can implement the giant control of the price calculation of Jian'an products. Because there is a unified basic data, it can be used directly when preparing the budget. This eliminates the heavy work of each user to prepare their own basic data, thus greatly reducing budget preparation. The amount of work. Therefore, I used this method in some projects, but it also has its own shortcomings that are separate from the market price and cannot reflect the fluctuation of price data at any time. Therefore, some of the subject parts of the project use the physical quantity mentioned below. Quote method.

After the total quantity of work is determined by the physical quantity quotation method, the material analysis is performed, the manual quantity is calculated according to the physical quantity consumption, or the software lifting quantity and the sub-item of the sub-item are summarized, the item price is determined, and the resource list summary table is listed. This method makes the bid offer relatively comparable, and is directly linked to the actual situation of the project and the market and the level of the construction enterprise suitable for the construction of the project. According to the construction conditions, project schedule and construction method, it is more suitable for each project. Reasonable cost. This method is "tailor-made tailoring", so it is practical, reasonable and accurate.

4, the application of engineering cost software, its characteristics and whether the software can meet your graduation design.

[U4] After the calculation of the engineering quantity is completed, the total cost of the project is determined by using the Guanglida list pricing software. The Guanglida list price software has the following characteristics: [U5]

Multiple pricing models coexist:
1. List and quota two pricing methods coexist in the same software, achieving the perfection of list pricing and quota pricing

Degree and combination.

Estimate the overall cost.
Multi-faceted data interface:
1. In the "Import and Export Bidding File", the import and export functions of various bidding files are provided. In the whole stroke

Accessible data transfer during the bidding process.
2. With the popularity of computing applications, more and more types of electronic tenders, the "imported bill of quantities" function can be straight

Import the list contents directly from EXCEL and ACCESS. Save time and get fast.
3. Ability to import GCL7.0 project file data to achieve seamless connection between graphical calculation results and pricing.
4. Through GBK, it can create the actual business level of the enterprise and have the competitive power of the market.

The enterprise quota data, and through the integration with the data installation of GBQ3.0, realizes the working process of direct pricing of the quota data of the enterprise in GBQ3.0.

Powerful data calculation:

Help the cost personnel to quickly calculate, install professional projects can use the installation cost setting and installation cost adjustment, can be calculated according to the installation professional different volumes, different installation costs. To improve the calculation ability of the cost personnel, the super high-efficiency calculation of the construction project can be used to automatically calculate the ultra-high cost reduction cost item by setting the data of the construction project height or height range. To meet different calculation requirements, you can use the three methods of custom unit price calculation to control the calculation process of the integrated unit price of the list. You can choose the appropriate fee collection method so that the comprehensive unit price calculation process can meet the bidding technology. Claim.
Seamless connection to digital building nets:
1. “Question Feedback” section – answer your questions about software application in time!
2. “Software Learning” section – providing a new user with a familiar software operation process and understanding software usage techniques

Skillful place.
3. “Download on the Internet” section – help you get the latest software in time and quickly, and enjoy the latest software skills.

can

The efficiency and convenience brought to you.
4. The “Online Classroom” section – the newly revised professional class is a good helper to continue your study after work.
5. “Information Price Download” section – provide you with information prices all over the country, anytime, anywhere, to help you accurately and quickly

Group price.
Project cost adjustment:
1. The project cost adjustment is divided into two parts: price adjustment and volume adjustment. Can adjust the total price of the project in the shortest time

Whole and apportioned.
2. The amount of work can be adjusted for different divisions of the budget book.
3. “Main material equipment does not participate in adjustment”, “Artificial machinery does not adjust unit price”, “A supply material does not participate in adjustment”

The options coexist. The options are freely combined to achieve flexible and fast price adjustment.
4. Provide an adjusted preview function. Make the adjustment process clearer and clearer.
Flexible report design features:
1. Flexible design of complex structural reports using the latest self-developed report design controls.
2. The design interface adopts the OFFICE table design style to easily improve the report style.
3. The report name column is displayed in a tree structure to make it easier to find.
4. The report can be exported to EXCEL and the design is more free.

Because Guanglianda software has these advantages, it is fully qualified for my graduation design paper.
5, the main problems and solutions to complete the design

The following common diseases [U6] often appear in the construction drawing budget:
Positive error of engineering quantity calculation: 1 repeated calculation of overlap of T-shaped intersection of masonry and reinforced concrete foundation; face area of ​​the 2nd floor and communication area are not deducted; 3 circle and beam of the wall occupy the volume; 4 Digging the ground and excavating the earth often has the phenomenon of “excavating the air”; 5 the calculation of the steel bar often does not deduct the protective layer; the calculation of the force ribs or stirrups at the 6 粱, 板, 住交交交; 7 grounding surface, wall plastering Repeated calculation;

Constant unit price high set of positive error: 1 concrete label, stone particle size; 2 component section, single piece volume; 3 masonry, plastering mortar marking and mix ratio; 4 single scaffolding height limit; 5 decorative engineering level; pit. The boundary between the earth and the earth; the classification boundary of the earth and stone

The project repeats the positive error: 1 leveling layer under the material surface layer; 2 asphalt layer waterproof layer, cold bottom oil under the asphalt gas layer; 3 iron parts of prefabricated parts; 4 water supply and drainage facilities belonging to the construction engineering category. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in projects that use a comprehensive fixed budget.

The comprehensive error calculation positive error: 1 measure means material amortization; 2 the content of the comprehensive fee item and the fixed amount have been considered; 3 the content of the comprehensive project and the winter rainy season construction increase fee, the content of the temporary facility fee is repeated.

Thesis framework [U7]

The composition of the graduation design file:

1. Summary of engineering cost, the number of words is not less than 7000 [U8], which is the narrative part of the paper, which needs to be selected.

An overview of the project cost of the entire project, including the concept of project cost, cost composition, origin,

Development; the main use of China's current project cost determination

Methods, influencing factors, existing problems, etc.; the current international engineering cost determination and China's current adoption

Comparison of forms; the types and conditions of engineering cost management software currently in China;

How will the country's engineering cost develop in the future.

2. The compilation of the engineering quantity list and the quotation book, which is the calculation part of the paper, and also the main part, which needs to be listed.

A list of necessary items such as a bill of quantities and a list of resources.

3. Analysis of cost results

Because budget staff have different positions and different positions, their views and methods are different. In the budget preparation, certain common diseases appear to varying degrees, which will cause some deviations. These problems should be addressed and summarized.

4, concluding remarks, acknowledgments, references, appendices, drawings, etc. These are also important parts of the thesis, including at least ten references, at least one foreign language. [U9]

Third, research progress [U10]

In the early stage of the opening of the project, the construction drawing, structural drawing, and a brief understanding of the drawings have been collected to meet the graduation design needs.

Unfinished work content and schedule:

Submit the report before April 25;

Complete the calculation section from April 25th to May 24th;

The total price of the project will be determined from May 25 to June 15;

Finish the manuscript from June 15th to June 18th and complete the first draft;

On June 22nd, the complete design was completed and the instructor was first reviewed;

On June 25th, the printing and binding instructor was completed and submitted to the electronic version.

Fourth, the main reference

[1] Xu Rong. Project Cost Management. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2005

[2] Wu Yuqin. Project Contracting and Bidding Quotation [M] . Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2000

[3] Yin Yilin. Measurement and Valuation of Construction Engineering [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press, 2003, 5.

[4] Liu Yisheng. Project Cost Management and Control [M]. Jiangsu: Southeast University Press, 2004, 9.

[5] Xu Daguo. Determination and control of project cost [M] . Beijing: China Planning Publishing House, 1997

[6] Jiang Chuanhui. Construction Engineering Cost Management [M] . Nanchang: Jiangxi University Press, 1999

[7] Yao Bing. The whole process cost control in line with international standards [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2005, 11.

[8] Liu Zhongying. The role of cost in project management [M]. Zhejiang: Zhejiang University Press, 2004, 7.

[9] Liao Tianping. Guanglida Engineering Quantity List Valuation Software [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2004, 8.

[10] DAVIDM.LEVINSON. Budget busts: The influence of demand in the construction market[J].Received 25 August2003.