Summary of monitoring and control of vegetable pests and diseases in Chongqing in 2019
I. Prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005 and their characteristics
1. Basic situation of vegetable diseases and insect pests With the adjustment of rural agricultural industrial structure, the vegetable area in Chongqing has expanded year by year. In 2005, the city's vegetable planting area reached 5.805 million mu, which is similar to that in 2004. The area of vegetable pests and diseases was 5.014 million mu, which was 1.3% higher than that of 2005.53 million mu. Among them, the disease occurrence area was 1.5071 million mu, which was 2.2% lower than the 1.54 million mu in 2004, and the insect infestation area was 3,384,200 mu. Compared with the 3.171 million mu in 2004, it increased by 5.3%.
2. Characteristics of pests and diseases Climate characteristics in 2005:
According to the weather forecast provided by the meteorological department, the average temperature in our city in 2005 was slightly higher than normal, and the annual rainfall was slightly less. The spring time is 10-15 days earlier than normal, the temperature rises faster, higher than normal, and the rain is more. The average temperature in March is significantly higher in the northeast, the rest is slightly lower, and the northeast is less. The average temperature in April is significantly higher, the precipitation is generally higher in the west, and the rest is less; the average temperature in May is generally low, and the monthly rainfall is mostly; the average temperature in June is low and the precipitation is large. In the month of July, the temperature was slightly higher, and the rainfall was slightly lower. In August, the temperature was slightly higher, and most of the precipitation was significantly less. In autumn, the temperature was slightly higher and the precipitation was slightly less.
2. Characteristics of pest occurrence in 2005:
In 2005, the general trend of vegetable pests and diseases occurred in moderate occurrence, which was similar to that in 2004. Pests and diseases were recurring, insect pests were more serious than diseases, and diseases were mainly in autumn. Due to the heavy rain in March-June, the temperature and humidity are suitable for diseases. This year, the incidence of melon cream enzymopathy, solanaceous fruit disease and solanaceous ash enzyme is slightly heavier than that in 2004. The pests are mainly cabbage caterpillars, aphids, diamondback moths, leafminers, red spiders, noctuidae, and wild beanhoppers. Among them, aphids and mites are more serious than those in 2004, and Noctuidae is lighter than 2004. Occurred; snails and snails in some areas are seriously harmful.
2. Prevention and treatment of major diseases and insect pests of vegetables in 2005
1. Seedling disease:
It is dominated by blight and squatting, mainly in pepper, tomato, cucumber and other varieties. The area and occurrence in the past two years have increased significantly compared with 2003. In 2005, the area was 296,900 mu. The area of prevention and control is 283,200 mu, which is equivalent to last year; the average disease rate is 2-10%, and the weight is more than 20%. Xiushan County conducted a general survey on eggplant bed on February 17th, with 40% of the seedling beds and 3.2% of the diseased plants. On March 18th, the incidence of seedlings accounted for 20%, and the incidence rate was 4.0%, which was 3.5 times higher than the same period in 2004. Percentage points. The main reasons for recurrence are low temperature and high humidity during seedling stage, and poor disinfection measures for seeds and seedbeds.
2. Cream enzyme disease:
It is the most common disease occurring on vegetables. It is mainly caused by melon cream enzyme disease, cruciferous vegetable cream enzyme disease, and green leaf vegetable cream enzyme disease. It mainly occurs on lotus white, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, bitter gourd and lettuce. In 2005, frost enzyme disease occurred in the middle and heavy. This year, due to more rain in April-June, it is suitable for diseases, and the occurrence of frost enzyme disease is earlier, and the degree of occurrence is slightly heavier than last year. The annual area of frost enzyme disease was 405,700 mu, an increase of 28,200 mu compared with last year. In the survey of Wansheng District, in the middle of March, the incidence rate of the disease in the first stage of the lotus period was 20-80%, and the disease index was 5-27.5. The rate of diseased plants was 40-100% in the first half of April, and the disease index was 1-32.5; In mid-month, the incidence of diseased plants in Chinese cabbage, cucumber and lettuce was 0-100%, with an average of 60%, 47.5% more than the same period of last year. The rate of diseased plants in the late May was 30-50%, an average of 47%, more than the same period last year. 34.5%, disease index 3-5; the average rate of diseased plants in early June was 31%, 13.5% more than the same period last year. The late June to early July is the peak period of cucumber cream enzymosis, the disease rate is 100%, similar to the same period in 2003, the disease index is 36-80, with an average of 65.2; in late August, it occurs on bitter gourd, the disease rate is 100. %; the rate of diseased plants in lotus white was 70-90% in late September, and the rate of diseased plants in lotus was 100% in late October, and the rate of diseased plants on lettuce was 24%, 18% more than the same period last year. According to the survey report of Beibei District, there has been more rain since October, and the incidence of lettuce frost disease is heavier. The rate of diseased plants is generally 10-100%, and the disease index is 1.5-54.
The frost enzyme disease is a common disease, and the farmers' prevention and control is relatively common. The city's prevention and control area is 365,800 mu, which is an increase of 35,900 mu compared with last year. The main control agents are: 72.2% Plex water agent 600-800 times liquid, 60% killing wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid, 78% Cobo wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 50% agricultural songs Wet powder 800 times solution. However, due to the low production value in the later period, farmers' control was poor.
3. Early and late blight of tomato:
It is the main disease in tomato production in our city. The area of early and late blight in 2005 was 223,300 mu, which was increased by 31,600 mu compared with last year. It was moderately occurring and some areas were heavily weighted. In recent years, the tomato planting area has gradually shifted to the outer suburbs. The early and late blight of tomato has become lighter in the suburban vegetable area, but it is heavier in the outer suburban areas such as Fengjie, Fuyang and Xiushan. The late tomato blight in the suburban area has a peak period. From April to June, the peak period of the vegetable fields in the outer suburbs is from late May to late June. Tomato cultivation in Changshou District is more, tomato early and late blight is one of the main diseases in tomato production in this area. This year, due to the long duration of rainy weather in June, it is suitable for disease occurrence, which is a medium-occurring year, and the disease rate is generally 3 -18%; after June, the condition has a tendency to develop into fruit. Early tomato disease in Xiushan County occurred early, and the epidemic spread quickly. It was a serious injury. It was a medium-heavy occurrence year. The county had an area of 25,000 mu and a prevention and control of 20,000 mu. The disease occurred at the beginning of April, and the morbidity rate was 16.9%. The average rate of diseased plants was 2.1%, and the average disease index was 0.42. The initial period of the disease was from late April to early May, which was worse than 2004. Early, the average disease rate was 22.7%, which was 9.4 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 4.73, which was 1.77 times that of 2004. In late May, the disease began to expand vertically, and the peak period appeared from late May to early June, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 46.0%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 22.67. It was 5.85 times that of 2004. At the end of mid-June, the peak of the disease was at the peak of the disease, with a disease rate of 46.7% and a disease index of 28.53. The late onset and epidemic period of tomato late blight in Xiushan County were later than last year, but the epidemic spread quickly and occurred heavily, which was moderately heavy. On May 18, the central disease plant was seen. The initial period was 5 days later than last year. The disease rate was 18.7%, which was 14.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 4.93, which was 5.3 in 2004. Times. The epidemic period of the disease is from the end of late May to the beginning of June, 10 days later than in 2004, the disease rate is 58.7%, 33.7 percentage points higher than last year; the disease index is 18.8, which is 3.76 times that of last year; On the 8th of the month, the average rate of census disease was 51.2%, and the average disease index was 18.93. The peak of disease epidemic occurred in late June, about 15 days later than last year. The average rate of systematic investigation was 80.7%, which was 19.3 percentage points lower than that of last year. The disease index was 43.92, which was 87.8% in 2004; On June 25, the average rate of census disease was 85.4%, which was 16.4 percentage points higher than that of the same period in 2004. The disease index was 44.13, which was 1.04 times that of 2004.
Due to the high value of tomatoes, farmers have a strong sense of self-defense, and the main control agents are: thiophanate, carbendazim, and can be killed.
4. Capsicum blight, eggplant blight:
Capsicum blight and eggplant blight have recently increased in the pepper producing areas of our city. This year, the two diseases were unevenly distributed, and the suburban vegetable areas occurred moderately, and some of the suburban vegetable areas were heavier. In Changshou District, this year's pepper disease is moderately mild, but some pepper fields are heavier than other peppers, and the disease rate is 3-15%, while other vegetable fields are generally about 3-6%. The pepper and eggplant blight in Wansheng District are moderately occurring. The peak incidence period is from late May to mid June. The disease rate is 2-40%, with an average of 21%. It occurs sporadically in July, and the disease rate is 0-20. %, an average of 11.6%. Due to the bad weather in May-June, it is difficult to control the drug, mainly using 72.2% Plex water agent 600-700 times or 64% anti-drug 矾 500 times spray control. The pepper disease in Xiushan County was early in the early stage and late in the prolonged period. The prevalence was slow in the early stage, and the damage occurred in the later stage. It was moderately heavy. The area of the county was 15,000 mu, and the prevention and control was 18,000 mu. On April 8th, the central diseased plant was found to be significantly earlier than in 2004. The diseased plant rate was 4.0%, 2.0 percentage points higher than that of 2004, and the disease index was 1.0, which was 2.0 times that of 2004. From late April to mid-June, the disease development is slow and the damage is light. In late June, the condition rose sharply, which was the beginning of the disease epidemic. It was 10-15 days later than 2004. The average disease rate was 19.4%, 10.7 percentage points higher than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.25, which was last year. 4.4 times. In July and mid-July, the disease continued to rise. The average disease rate at the peak was 65.3%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 44.83, which was 2.7 times that of 2004. The situation of the disease and disease of pepper blight in 2005 is shown in Figure 3.
The eggplant plague in Xiushan County is moderately occurring, with an area of 20,000 mu and an area of 25,000 mu. On March 28, the diseased strain rate was 1.3%, and the disease index was 0.23. The disease became prevalent in early May, the diseased plant rate was 17.0%, which was 9.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 3.95, which was 85.9 in 2004. %; In mid-May, the disease epidemic began, the peak disease rate was 37.3%, the disease index was 8.27; the disease epidemic peak appeared on June 18, which was later than 2004, and the peak disease rate was 55.3. %, 8.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, the disease index was 12.13, which was 76.0% in 2004. The dynamics of the disease in the field are shown in Figure 4.
5. Solanum ash enzyme disease:
In recent years, with the development of vegetable bases to the outer suburbs, the solanaceous ash enzyme disease is more common in the vegetable bases in the outer suburbs, and it is harmful in the seedling stage and the adult stage, with tomato gray enzyme disease, eggplant gray enzyme disease and pepper gray zymosis. Mainly.
Xiushan County Plant Protection Station carried out a seedbed survey on February 17, and the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato ash enzyme were 80%, 40%, and 0, respectively. The average disease rate was 7.2%, 2.0%, and 0; March 18 In the census, the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato ash enzyme were 80%, 75%, and 0, respectively, and the average disease rate was 4.7%, 9.2%, and 0. They were 14.5, 10.3, and 8.0 percentage points lower than in March 2004, respectively. On April 13th, the rates of tomato, eggplant, and pepper ash zymosis were 6.7%, 4.0%, and the disease rate was 9.3%, and the disease index was 1.67, 1.0, and 2.33, respectively.
Tomato ash enzymatic disease in Xiushan County is moderately occurring. In the mid-April census, the diseased plant rate was 7.8%, and the disease index was 2.18. The rate of disease screening in the initial stage of disease epidemic in early May was 10.2%, which was 27.3 percentage points lower than that in the same period of 2004. The disease index was 2.54, which was 2004. 22.6% of the year. From the end of late May to the beginning of June, it is the peak of disease epidemic. The peak disease rate was 39.3%, which was 6.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.17, which was 84.8% in the same period of 2004. Eggplant gray enzyme disease is moderately occurring years. On March 18, the disease rate was 19.3%, and the disease index was 4.8. On March 28, the disease rate decreased, the disease rate was 5.3%, and the disease index was 1.33. The disease rate was 3.6 in mid-April. %, the disease index is 0.91; 5 in the early epidemic period, the disease rate was 11.3%, the disease index was 2.83; the census disease rate was 6.0%, which was 7.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, and the disease index was 1.48. It was 13.2% in 2004. From mid-May to late June, the disease showed a slow upward trend. At the end of June, it reached the peak of epidemic, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 18.0%, which was 9.3 percentage points lower than that in 2004. It was 4.5, which was 65.9% in 2004. In early July, due to the large removal of old leaves and side branches, the disease showed a gradual decline. Capsicum ash zymosis is moderately mild, and pre-existing diseases are prevalent. On March 28, the rate of census disease was 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively, and the disease index was 1.7 and 2.5 respectively. The rate of census disease was 10.0% in mid-April and the disease index was 2.5. At the end of April, the epidemic peak was reached. Earlier than 2004, the peak disease rate was 12.0%, 1.3 percentage points lower than that in 2004; the disease index was 3.17, which was 95.2% in 2004. In early May, the diseased side was gradually removed due to the removal of the diseased side branches. The rate of diseased plants was 8.4% on May 4-6, which was 6.9 percentage points lower than the epidemic period in 2004, and the disease index was 2.11. It was 44.6% in 2004.
5. Other diseases:
Other diseases such as eggplant verticillium wilt, ginger mites, cruciferous vegetable black rot, viral diseases, etc. occur in different degrees in our city. Black rot in Beibei District occurred in lotus and cauliflower in autumn and winter, and the diseased strain rate was 1-16%.
Pest
1. aphid:
It is a common pest, which is harmful to many crops. It is most seriously affected by lotus white, cowpea, loofah and cucumber. In 2005, it was a medium-heavy occurrence year. Some districts and counties such as Wansheng District were the major occurrence years. The total area of the city was 992,400 mu, an increase of 46,500 mu compared with last year. The characteristics of this year are: the occurrence time is early, the peak period is longer than in previous years, the amount is large, and the autumn is heavy. The peak season in Wansheng District is from mid-March to late June, and the peak season in autumn is from August to October, which is 7-10 days longer than normal. In mid-March, the rate of sorghum was 6-80%, with an average of 64%, and the number of sorghum was 60-960, with an average of 532. In June, the rate of sorghum on 100% of untreated cucumbers was 100%. The maximum amount of sputum was 26,390; in mid-September, the rate of sputum in lotus was 10-100%, and the amount of arsenic was 380-96000. The longevity area is a medium-occurring year. It was first seen on the green beans on March 9th, 26 days earlier than last year. The occurrence period is from April to November, and the damage period is longer. The hazard period is from May to June. The amount of insects on sea pepper, eggplant and lettuce is large, the rate of insects is 5-28%, the number of strains is 16-50 heads; the rate of insects is up to 62%, and the highest number of insects is 104. The Beibei District is relatively light, and it is seen at the beginning of April. The main damage period is from April to October, and it occurs sporadically in autumn and winter. In spring, the white and cauliflower has a strain rate of 10-20%, and the number of insects is 180-380. It is lower than last year's insects; in autumn, the rate of insects is 2-10%, and the number of insects is 30-100, which is close to last year. The rate of worms on eggplant and cowpea is generally 2-40%, and the number of worms is 10-250. At the peak on July 13, the rate of worms on autumn peas and eggplants is 10-80%, and the amount of worms is 40- At 1040 heads, the average number of louvers was 370, which was lower than the peak amount of insects in 2004. In the Yubei District, the temperature changes greatly in winter and spring, and it has a greater impact on the occurrence of aphids, which is moderately heavy. On March 8th, at the seedling stage of lettuce, the rate of sorghum was 16%, and the number of sorghum was 58. On March 17, the rate of sorghum was 26%, and the number of sorghum was 276-680. The temperature increased and the amount of mites increased rapidly. On April 5, the rate of sorghum was 68%, and the number of sorghum was 2500-5240. On April 19, the rate of sorghum was 100%. 11600 heads; on May 31st, during the lotus-white period, there were 100% sorghum and 100 sputum. On June 21, the rate of sorghum was 100%, and the number of worms was 1,428. .
Due to the common occurrence of locusts, farmers have a strong ability to control the worm. In 2005, the area of locust control was 1,003,300 mu, which was 50,000 mu more than last year. The main medicinal agent had 70% Emerald granules 6000-8000 times, 10%.蚜虱 可 wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid, 5% insect NET emulsifiable oil 800-1000 times liquid and so on.
2. Plutella xylostella:
It is a common pest, which is seriously damaged in spring and autumn. The peak period in spring is from late April to early June, and the peak in autumn is in late September. The occurrence in 2005 is moderate, slightly lighter than last year, but The area of occurrence is relatively wide; the area of occurrence is 529,700 mu, which is an increase of 52,400 mu compared with the previous year. The area of Changshou District is moderately occurring, the spring is 3-5 months, the autumn is from August to November, and the adults are seen at the beginning of March 9. 15 days later than the beginning of February 22, the number of insects in the spring is generally 6-28, and the rate of insects is 8-18%. In autumn, the whiteness of the lotus is heavier, and the rate of insects is 10-68. %, the amount of 100 strains of insects is 30-189 heads. Wansheng District is moderately light, with a rate of 30-60% in the middle and late ten days, an average of 32% of the 100% insects 30-270, an average of 112, in mid-August, the rate of insects is 10-90%, The average is 51%, the number of insects is 30-160, with an average of 74.3. In September and mid-September, the rate of insects was 2-80%, with an average of 45.5%, and the number of insects was 90-360, with an average of 130. In late October, the rate of individual plants in the lotus field was 100%, and the number of insects was 350. . The spring and autumn seasons in Beibei District are mixed with cabbage caterpillars, which harm the cruciferous vegetables. From March to May, the rate of insects is 10-80%, and the number of insects is 10-350, which is younger than that. From July to November, the rate of insects was 2-80%, and the number of insects was 2-230, slightly higher than last year. The peak amount of insects is not obvious. Compared with the same period of last year, Yubei District has a slight decline, which is a medium-occurrence year. On March 18, the investigation of lotus seedlings has a 6% strain rate and 14 insect strains. On March 24, The rate of worms was 14%, and the number of worms was 36. On April 20-May 10, at the beginning of the balling, the rate of worms was 100%, and the number of worms was 1 464. Investigation on May 16 The rate of insects is 100%, and the number of insects is 1920. On May 23, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 440. From June to June 21, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 810-1288.
Prevention and control of Plutella xylostella and control of Pieris rapae were carried out at the same time, but due to the strong resistance of Plutella xylostella, it is more difficult to control; in 2005, the area of control was 599,400 mu, an increase of 81,400 mu compared with the previous year. For the prevention and treatment of pharmaceuticals, 10% of the suspension agent is 800-1000 times, and 1.8% of the milkworm is 2000-4000 times.
3. cabbage caterpillar:
Mixed with Plutella xylostella, the degree of occurrence was not significantly different during the year. It was moderate in 2005 and heavy in autumn in spring; the area was 823,300 mu, an increase of 20,400 mu over the previous year. Wansheng District entered the peak period in late May. The rate of insects was 40-100%, with an average of 70%, which was lighter than that in 2004. The number of strains was 40-1840, with an average of 542. After the end of July, the number of insects in the autumn lotus is generally below 230, which is lighter than last year. The cabbage in the Changshou District saw adult worms at the beginning of the ferry field on February 27, 7 days earlier than the beginning of March 6 last year. The occurrence of spring and autumn in Beibei District is similar to that of last year. From March to May, the rate of insects is 14-100%, the number of insects is 22-670, and the number of eggs is 30-850. From July to November, the rate of insects is 2-50%, the number of insects is 2-120, and the number of eggs is 2-28. The Yubei District has a moderately heavy occurrence this year. The peak of the damage is from April to mid-May. On March 17, the rate of insects in the lotus is 12%, and the number of insects is 22. On March 24, the strain was investigated. The rate was 20%, and the number of strains was 52; on April 16, the rate of insects was 76%, and the number of strains was 2,880; on April 28, the rate of insects was 100%, 100 strains. The number of insects was 1008; on May 14th, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 1,360; in the middle and late May, the application of pesticides by the vegetable farmers decreased, and the number of insects decreased greatly; on May 23, there were insects. The rate was 100%, and the number of strains was 222.
Farmers are more active in controlling cabbage caterpillars. In 2005, the area of control was 931,200 mu, an increase of 42,000 mu from the previous year. Control agents are generally selected: 10% of the suspension agent 800-1000 times solution, 1.8% of the Anopheles clear milk 2000-2500 times, 5% Ruijinte suspension agent 1000-1200 times.
4.
Including red spiders, sassafras, red spiders are mainly harmful to solanaceous fruits, melons, beans and vegetables, especially cowpea, green beans and eggplant are the most seriously damaged; while sassafras is mainly harmful to pepper. The degree of occurrence occurred in 2005 was moderate, and some areas were heavier; the area of occurrence was 475,500 mu. The peak period of red spiders is generally from late May to early July, and the average number of lobes is 45-4836 heads, up to 7550 heads. The peak period of the sassafras is generally in the middle of July, the rate of worms is 12-90%, and the amount of worms is 72-3800. This year, the pepper base in Qijiang County was seriously damaged by the sassafras. Wansheng District has a large annual occurrence this year. In mid-April, the rate of insects on the green beans was 1-25%, with an average of 8.7%, the rate of insects was 10%, and the number of worms was 12; in May, mid-May, there were insects. The plant rate is 10-100%, the rate of worm leaves is 13-39%, the amount of lobster is 20-311 heads, with an average of 158 heads. In late May, the rate of worms, sea peppers and loofah is 30-100%, with an average of 72.5%. There are 44.75% worm leaf rate, 70-1290 vines, with an average of 708 heads; in early June, the rate of worms is 20-100%, the rate of worms is 25-46%, and the amount of lobes is 282-3846 heads, with an average of 1032. Head; entering the first peak period in mid-June, the rate of insects was 100%, the rate of insects was 76-100%, the average was 88%, and the number of insects was 14,965; in late June, the amount of insects decreased, and there were insects. The leaf rate is 6-67%, with an average of 33%, the variegated amount is 17-350 heads, with an average of 134 heads; in the second peak period in late August, the rate of insect strains is 55%, and the number of strains is 3600-4800 heads. 4200 heads; the replacement of crop varieties from October to November, plus the use of drugs to control the amount of insects, the amount of insects decreased. This year, the longevity area of the red spider is a medium-occurring year. On March 27th, it was first seen on the sea pepper. It was 18 days earlier than the initial period of last year. The peak period was in the middle and late May-June. The rate of insects was 10-24%. The rate of worms is 31%, the number of worms is 12-50, the average insects are 20-60, the rate of worms is 5-25% on a large area, and the number of worms is 10-60. The incidence was lighter than last year; the insects also occurred in August-October, but the damage was not serious. The rate of insects on the beans in autumn and autumn was about 10%, and the number of insects was 10-35. Beibei District first saw on May 12, about 20 days later than last year. The occurrence period was from mid-May to late August, with a larvae rate of 3-100% and a variegated volume of 3-3050. The peak period was in mid-June. In the first seven months of the month, the rate of worms was 7-100%, and the number of lobsters was 17-3050, with an average of 655 heads, which was lower than last year's peak insects.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 575,600 mu, an increase of 68,000 mu from the previous year. The main drugs used by farmers are: insects, sputum, sputum, and chlorpyrifos. For the prevention and treatment of pesticides, use 1.8% worm emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times or 15% broom emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid spray.
5. Liriomyza:
There are mainly Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae, which are harmful to a variety of vegetable varieties. In 2005, the area was 205,700 mu, which is equivalent to last year, and the degree of occurrence is moderately light. Since the discovery of Liriomyza sativae in 1995, after several years of comprehensive prevention measures and climatic conditions, the degree of occurrence in the suburban vegetable areas has been decreasing year by year, and the damages in the severely affected counties such as Wansheng, Jiulongpo and Beibei have been significantly reduced. In particular, the degree of damage in autumn was greatly reduced compared with that of 98 years ago; however, the suburban vegetable areas such as Fuling, Fengjie, and Xiangyang have been heavier in recent years, and the rate of insects has reached 30-100%. Liriomyza huidobrensis has been violent in some areas in recent years from May to June, but it has not been a long time. In May this year, Jiulongpo District found that Liriomyza huidobrensis was found to be harmful to rattan in some greenhouses. However, it was not controlled by the yellow plate to prevent large losses. The occurrence trend of Liriomyza sinensis in Wansheng District is similar to that of last year. The initial period is slightly earlier than last year, and its damage degree is slightly lighter. It is a moderately light occurrence year, mainly in loofah, lettuce, autumn green beans, autumn kidney beans and other crops. It happened. The whole area has a total area of 0.47 million mu and a control of 0.45 million mu. The field survey was first seen in early March, and sporadic occurred in April-May. In the first half of June, the rate of insects on the loofah was 100%, and the rate of insects was 46%, 52% less than the same period of last year. The index of insects was 33; the damage occurred in late July. Declining, the rate of insects was 42.5%, the rate of insects was 27.3%, 22.7% less than the same period of last year, and the insect index was 10; the damage was gradually aggravated in August, and the peak of the disease occurred in mid-November-October, in the loofah, autumn beans, The autumn peas have a bacterium rate of 90-100%, a worm-like rate of 8-40%, an average of 24%, and an average insect index of 4.5. In early November, sporadic occurrences occur on lettuce. Beibei District is a light-year occurrence this year. It occurs from early April to late August. It is mainly from Liriomyza huidobrensis, which is harmful to eggplant, cowpea, green beans and loofah. At the beginning of April 6, the peak period was not obvious. Some fields were slightly heavier. Other fields were sporadic. From April to August, the rate of insects was 1-49%, and the insect index was 0.2-19, which was less than last year. No larvae were found to be harmful. In the late May, the average disease rate of cowpea was 30%, the highest disease rate reached 70%, the insect index was 0.26, and the insect leaf rate was 5.9%-32.7%.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 190,400 mu, a decrease of 21,600 mu from the previous year. The control agent is mainly used with 1.8% Jiqi worms 1 bag to 1 sprayer water or 30% Avi? Kill WP 1 bag to 1 sprayer water or 50% gram WP powder for 6-10 grams or 22% deworming net emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid spray.
6. Noctuidae pests:
In recent years, the damage has gradually increased. It is mainly dominated by beet armyworm and Spodoptera litura. It is more harmful crops, and it is harmful to crops such as onion, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, loofah, rattan and red peony. In 2005, the area was 324,600 mu, which was slightly lighter than last year. It was a medium-occurring year. It occurred in some areas and the area of prevention and control was 334,400 mu. The occurrence of pests in the city of Noctuidae is characterized by the occurrence of heavy in some areas, especially the flea town of Dadukou District. The green onions have been planted for many years, and the beet armyworms are very serious from May to June every year. 98%, the number of strains of insects is 1-475. In the first half of June, Wansheng District investigated the rate of worms on cabbage, which was 60%, and the number of worms, 230. In autumn, it was heavy, and it began to sporad in late July. The rate of insects in the middle and late August was 10-80%, with an average of 46.7. %, the number of 100 strains of insects is 10-700 heads, with an average of 230 heads; September is the peak period of damage, and the rate of insects in the white lotus is 10-20%, with an average of 17%, and the number of insects is 260-1240, with an average of 607 heads. In mid-October, the amount of insects after the control of lotus white harvest was 350-630 heads. Controlling the larvae of the larvae on the cabbage was sprayed with Ou Green No. 1 plus 20% triazophos 100 ml with water 45-60 kg. The longevity area is a medium-occurring year. It is more harmful on rattan and radish. The rate of insects is about 21%, and the number of strains is 8-35. Most of them are Spodoptera litura.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 334,000 mu, which was reduced by 24,500 mu compared with the previous year. The number of farmer households was more and more frequent, and there were many types of pesticides used, such as insecticidal bismuth, phoxim, lesbian, and exhaustion. The control effect is not ideal.
7. Other pests:
In recent years, the bean pod has become one of the main pests of the bean vegetables in our city. It mainly occurs on cowpea and green beans. It occurred in 2005. In the middle of May, Wansheng District investigated 6% of soybean poisoning in the middle of May. In the middle of the month, it is the peak period of summer cowpea, and the flower damage rate is 6-80%. The mid-August to the beginning of September is the peak period of autumn cowpea, and the flower damage rate is 10-35%. Beibei District is responsible for the green beans and cowpeas. It was first seen on May 18th. The hazard period is from May to August. The green beans are lightly damaged, the pod damage rate is 1-5%, and the number of worms is 1-4. The flowering rate of cowpea is 2-50%, and the number of flowers is 1-45. Because farmers are not easy to master the prevention and treatment time, the prevention and treatment is more difficult, the application times are many, but the effect is not satisfactory, and the control agent has 5% sharpness.
In recent years, snails and snails have become more and more serious diseases. They have taken care of the seedlings of bamboo shoots, cabbage, cowpea, green beans, cucumber, and Chinese cabbage, resulting in broken seedlings. It also feeds on the young leaves and true leaves of plants such as rapeseed, corn, wheat bran, broad beans, and peas, causing yield loss. Wansheng District began to investigate the occurrence of snails and snails in mid-February. There was a catastrophic period from February to May. During the dry period in mid-July, it was often hidden under the soil or at the roots of plants, secreting thin films and closing shells. Mouth, temporarily do not eat or not. However, in the first ten days of August, when it was rainy and rainy, it resumed its activities until September, and a lot of activities were harmful. It coincided with the period of vegetable production and seedling in our district, mainly for the bamboo shoots, lotus white, Chinese cabbage, leeks, cowpeas and red peony. Snails live on dandelions and leeks for a long time. As long as there are dandelions and leeks growing, snails can be found in the wet weather after rain. The main types of snails found are: gray snails, same-type snails, Chinese snails, and snails; the types of screws are: fine snails, amber snails, and snails.
Third, the development of prevention and treatment of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005
In 2005, in the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, the plant protection departments of all districts and counties in the city earnestly implemented the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, earnestly carried out the work of measuring vegetables and pests, and actively applied new techniques to promote the prevention and control of vegetables and pests. Vigorously promote the comprehensive prevention and control technology of pollution-free vegetables, and achieved good results in prevention and treatment. In 2005, the area of vegetable pest control in the city was 5.236 million mu, which was 1.99% higher than the 5.132 million mu in 2004. The disease control area was 1,407,600 mu, slightly higher than that in 2004, and the pest control area was 3,166,300 mu, compared with 2004. The number of 3,417,500 mu increased by 5.5%; through the prevention and control work, the city recovered 203,000 tons of vegetables and achieved remarkable social, economic and ecological benefits.
1. Improve and improve the network of vegetable pests and diseases, do a good job forecasting and forecasting vegetables and pests, and guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the city.
According to the work carried out by the key vegetable monitoring stations in 2004, in 2005, five districts and counties and plant protection stations in Yubei District, Wansheng District, Changshou District, Beibei District and Wanzhou District were identified as the key points of vegetable diseases and insect pests in Chongqing. Forecast station. At the beginning of the year, the “Measures for the Measurement and Reporting of Vegetables and Pests in Chongqing City” was formulated at the beginning of the year, and the systematic investigation targets were determined according to the trend of the main pests and diseases of vegetables in the same year. The conventional systematic investigation objects mainly include: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, spotted fly, red spider , Noctuidae pests, bean pods, frost enzymes, diseases, etc.; each key reporting station determines 3-4 species of pests as local vegetable pests and insects according to local conditions; the city station has unified the vegetable pest system The questionnaire standardizes the system investigation time, the investigation content and the reporting time. At the same time, the station also implements the system for reporting the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insects. In the main period of occurrence of pests and diseases, all districts and counties report to the main station every vegetable. The prevention and control of pests and diseases has enabled us to keep abreast of the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in various districts and counties. Based on the situation of each key station and the actual situation of the investigation, the station timely released the information on vegetable pests and diseases, and guided the prevention and control of large-scale vegetable pests and diseases in the city, so that the forecast was accurate and timely. In 2005, the city's main station issued a total of 4 issues of vegetable pest information, using electronic documents, e-mails, letters and other forms, to send information to the district, city, county plant protection station, vegetable station and pollution-free vegetable base township agricultural technology station .
Wansheng District carefully conducted systematic investigation and reporting in accordance with the requirements of the Chongqing Agricultural Technology General Station. At the same time, it issued a series of "Pests and Diseases Information" to guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the whole district. Beibei District has always listed the measurement of vegetable diseases and insect pests as the focus of plant protection work. In the case of only two staff members in the whole station, one person is responsible for the work of measuring and reporting the main pests and diseases of major varieties, highlighting the key points. In accordance with the requirements of the "Measures for the Measurement of Vegetable Diseases and Insects in Chongqing", we will carry out systematic investigations at regular intervals, keep abreast of the dynamics of pests and diseases in the field, and report to the competent departments of higher-level operations on time to provide the first measure for the prevention and control of vegetables and pests. First-hand information. At the same time, according to the dynamics of vegetable pests and diseases, the Beibei Plant Protection Information was compiled and issued in a timely manner. A total of 300 plant protection information on the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases were issued in the whole year. In order to further improve the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the region, it has played a big role. Yubei District actively carried out pest and disease investigation and information feedback, issued 5 issues of pest and disease information, and printed and distributed more than 220 copies.
2. Take various forms to cooperate with the production of pollution-free vegetables in the city, vigorously promote the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, and carry out training on the comprehensive prevention and control technology of pollution-free vegetables.
This year, after plant protection, soil fertility, and agricultural technology were combined into Chongqing Agricultural Technology Station, Chongqing Agricultural Technology Promotion Network was re-established. The Department of Prevention and Control, and the district and city plant protection stations will timely report the occurrence and control of vegetables and pests. Published online to guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases throughout the city. In 2005, more than 30 pieces of information on the prevention and control of various diseases of vegetables and vegetables were published online. At the same time, we also published pest information and prevention technology in the "Science and Technology Agriculture", "Nongjia Science and Technology", and other newspapers and magazines, and expanded the scope of publicity. In recent years, with the continuous development of the visual and forecasting work of pests and diseases, the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases will also be gradually forecasted. For example, after the broadcast of the visual forecast of the occurrence and control of cabbage caterpillars produced by Wanzhou District, it has been welcomed by the majority of vegetable farmers and received Better results.
While doing a good job of propaganda, the technical station also sent technical cadres to Dadukou District, High-tech Development Zone, Jiangjin City and other places to carry out several technical training sessions. The training adopted multimedia forms, and the township agricultural cadres and vegetable growers The company has carried out “integrated prevention and control technology for pollution-free vegetables”, “Technology and Control Techniques for Major Pests and Vegetables”, and “Science and Safe Use of Pesticide Technology”. At the same time, it introduced a variety of new pesticides, new drugs and new technologies, especially for the promotion of vegetable pest control in recent years. The Jiaduo frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp and the insect-induced attractant trapping technology to be introduced have been trained and received good results, which have been well received by the trainers. Various districts, cities and counties have also carried out various forms of publicity and training in light of local actual conditions. The towns in Jiulongpo District use agricultural science and technology publicity month, science and technology to send books to the countryside, science and technology to catch up and other activities, take the form of cable TV, radio, on-site prize-winning questions and so on, widely publicize the significance and production technology of pollution-free vegetable production . The procedures have increased the interest of the propaganda and extensive participation. They have achieved good publicity and distributed more than 10,000 copies of various promotional materials and technical materials. They are very popular among producers and consumers, and the people who come to consult are not satisfied. Absolutely. In addition, the towns also produce slogans, signs and posters for publicity. The district used the agricultural science and technology publicity month and science and technology to send books to the countryside to promote the publicity 6 times, cable radio propaganda 10 times, cable TV publicity 20 times, the blackboard report 6 times, the production of hanging slogans 30, exhibiting a variety of propaganda board 8 . Held various forms of technical training 11 times and trained 930 times. More than 2,000 pieces of cultivation technical materials such as "Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Vegetables" and "Technology for the Prevention and Control of Disease-free Vegetable Pests and Diseases" were issued, and more than 5,000 person-times of knowledge on pollution-free vegetables were accepted.
3. Further strengthen the promotion of vegetable pest control technology and scientifically guide the comprehensive prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases.
Since the city launched the production of pollution-free vegetables in 1999, our station has always promoted the prevention and control of new technologies in the first place. In 2003, Jiaduo frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp technology was introduced for the first time, and remarkable control effects have been achieved. In recent years, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp technology has been promoted as a pollution-free vegetable production control technology in the city. In 2005, the city newly promoted 550 频 频 杀 盏 盏 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Protecting the agricultural ecological environment has played an important role. This year, I also tried to introduce insect sex pheromones to control the pests of Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella and Noctuidae, and achieved preliminary results. This year, I joined the Municipal Science and Technology Commission project "Research on the catastrophe law of vegetable night moth pests in Chongqing", and conducted a preliminary study on the occurrence of beet armyworm in vegetables in the city, and carried out the frequency vibration insecticide trap night. The moth pest investigation and preliminary efficacy control tests have made certain progress, providing scientific information for the development of effective prevention and control measures in the future.
All districts, cities and counties have also taken corresponding measures to guide local vegetable pest control. Beibei District guides the use of medicines by vegetable farmers, masters the control period, and all kinds of diseases are in the early stage of the disease. The pests are in the stage of larval larvae and spotting, gradually correcting the phenomenon of drug abuse and drug abuse; promoting the use of biological pesticides and killing Insect lights extinguish pests. Extensively publicize pollution-free technology, recommend high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides to farmers, and prohibit the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl 1605, carbofuran, and omethoate to promote the harmless production of vegetables. The process has played a role. Wansheng District inspects and guides the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the youth and Jinqiao Town pollution-free vegetable production bases throughout the year; the Plant Protection Service Department carries out the technology according to the basic service requirements of “safe, effective and consciously rejecting the use of high toxicity, high dose and high residue”. Supporting services; carried out a variety of vegetable pest control trials and demonstrations based on the prevention and treatment of snails, noctuid larvae, etc., and achieved good results.
4. Strengthen the inspection of pollution-free vegetable production bases and promote the production of pollution-free vegetables.
In order to promote the production of pollution-free vegetables in the city, I stationed actively cooperated with the municipal competent departments to strengthen the inspection and guidance of the pollution-free vegetable production base. This year, we went to Wushan County, Fengjie County, Wuxi County and other remote suburban vegetable bases for inspection, and guided the bases in the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, and the technology of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp, to promote the production of pollution-free vegetables. It has played a positive role.
Fourth, the main problems exist
1. The funds for the measurement and reporting of vegetables and pests are seriously insufficient, and the means of reporting and reporting are relatively backward, which seriously affects the accuracy of the data. The level of professional forecasting technology of the forecasting personnel is not high.
2. Inadequate funding for prevention and control work is not conducive to the further promotion of new technologies for pest control.
3. The basic agricultural technology plant protection service system is not perfect, the pest control technology has a low rate of access, and the prevention and control technology is not enough.
4. Some vegetable farmers have low literacy, and they are slow to receive scientific and technical knowledge. They cannot correctly grasp the effective control period, the types of drugs and the methods of prevention and control, and the effects of pest control are affected; in some areas, the phenomenon of drug abuse still exists.
V. Forecast of the occurrence trend of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005. According to the weather trend of meteorological departments, combined with the current occurrence characteristics of vegetables and pests, and the occurrence of pests and diseases over the years, it is expected that the occurrence trend of vegetable pests and diseases will be moderate in 2006, and moderate to moderate occurrence in local areas; It is more serious than disease. The main pest and disease occurrence trends are as follows:
1. Aphids: The occurrence of moderate to heavy weight occurs in an area of about 1 million mu.
2. Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella: mixed occurrence occurs in a moderately-weighted area with a total area of about 1.3 million mu.
3. Noctuidae pests: moderately occurring, heavier in local areas. The area of occurrence is about 300,000 mu.
4. Liriomyza: It occurs in moderate to light, with an area of about 200,000 mu.
5. Earthworms: including red spiders and sassafras, moderately occurring, with an area of 450,000 mu.
6. Frost enzyme disease: mainly caused by cucumber cream enzyme disease and cabbage cream enzyme disease, occurs moderately, and occurs in local areas; the total area is about 400,000 mu.
7. Epidemic diseases: including tomato early and late blight, pepper blight, etc., occur moderately, with an area of 300,000 mu.
8. Cruciferous vegetables black rot, soft rot: vegetables occur in medium, with an area of about 200,000 mu.
9, other pests and diseases: mainly pod wild beetles, tobacco budworms, seedling diseases, etc., the area of about 400,000 acres.
1. Basic situation of vegetable diseases and insect pests With the adjustment of rural agricultural industrial structure, the vegetable area in Chongqing has expanded year by year. In 2005, the city's vegetable planting area reached 5.805 million mu, which is similar to that in 2004. The area of vegetable pests and diseases was 5.014 million mu, which was 1.3% higher than that of 2005.53 million mu. Among them, the disease occurrence area was 1.5071 million mu, which was 2.2% lower than the 1.54 million mu in 2004, and the insect infestation area was 3,384,200 mu. Compared with the 3.171 million mu in 2004, it increased by 5.3%.
2. Characteristics of pests and diseases Climate characteristics in 2005:
According to the weather forecast provided by the meteorological department, the average temperature in our city in 2005 was slightly higher than normal, and the annual rainfall was slightly less. The spring time is 10-15 days earlier than normal, the temperature rises faster, higher than normal, and the rain is more. The average temperature in March is significantly higher in the northeast, the rest is slightly lower, and the northeast is less. The average temperature in April is significantly higher, the precipitation is generally higher in the west, and the rest is less; the average temperature in May is generally low, and the monthly rainfall is mostly; the average temperature in June is low and the precipitation is large. In the month of July, the temperature was slightly higher, and the rainfall was slightly lower. In August, the temperature was slightly higher, and most of the precipitation was significantly less. In autumn, the temperature was slightly higher and the precipitation was slightly less.
2. Characteristics of pest occurrence in 2005:
In 2005, the general trend of vegetable pests and diseases occurred in moderate occurrence, which was similar to that in 2004. Pests and diseases were recurring, insect pests were more serious than diseases, and diseases were mainly in autumn. Due to the heavy rain in March-June, the temperature and humidity are suitable for diseases. This year, the incidence of melon cream enzymopathy, solanaceous fruit disease and solanaceous ash enzyme is slightly heavier than that in 2004. The pests are mainly cabbage caterpillars, aphids, diamondback moths, leafminers, red spiders, noctuidae, and wild beanhoppers. Among them, aphids and mites are more serious than those in 2004, and Noctuidae is lighter than 2004. Occurred; snails and snails in some areas are seriously harmful.
2. Prevention and treatment of major diseases and insect pests of vegetables in 2005
1. Seedling disease:
It is dominated by blight and squatting, mainly in pepper, tomato, cucumber and other varieties. The area and occurrence in the past two years have increased significantly compared with 2003. In 2005, the area was 296,900 mu. The area of prevention and control is 283,200 mu, which is equivalent to last year; the average disease rate is 2-10%, and the weight is more than 20%. Xiushan County conducted a general survey on eggplant bed on February 17th, with 40% of the seedling beds and 3.2% of the diseased plants. On March 18th, the incidence of seedlings accounted for 20%, and the incidence rate was 4.0%, which was 3.5 times higher than the same period in 2004. Percentage points. The main reasons for recurrence are low temperature and high humidity during seedling stage, and poor disinfection measures for seeds and seedbeds.
2. Cream enzyme disease:
It is the most common disease occurring on vegetables. It is mainly caused by melon cream enzyme disease, cruciferous vegetable cream enzyme disease, and green leaf vegetable cream enzyme disease. It mainly occurs on lotus white, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, bitter gourd and lettuce. In 2005, frost enzyme disease occurred in the middle and heavy. This year, due to more rain in April-June, it is suitable for diseases, and the occurrence of frost enzyme disease is earlier, and the degree of occurrence is slightly heavier than last year. The annual area of frost enzyme disease was 405,700 mu, an increase of 28,200 mu compared with last year. In the survey of Wansheng District, in the middle of March, the incidence rate of the disease in the first stage of the lotus period was 20-80%, and the disease index was 5-27.5. The rate of diseased plants was 40-100% in the first half of April, and the disease index was 1-32.5; In mid-month, the incidence of diseased plants in Chinese cabbage, cucumber and lettuce was 0-100%, with an average of 60%, 47.5% more than the same period of last year. The rate of diseased plants in the late May was 30-50%, an average of 47%, more than the same period last year. 34.5%, disease index 3-5; the average rate of diseased plants in early June was 31%, 13.5% more than the same period last year. The late June to early July is the peak period of cucumber cream enzymosis, the disease rate is 100%, similar to the same period in 2003, the disease index is 36-80, with an average of 65.2; in late August, it occurs on bitter gourd, the disease rate is 100. %; the rate of diseased plants in lotus white was 70-90% in late September, and the rate of diseased plants in lotus was 100% in late October, and the rate of diseased plants on lettuce was 24%, 18% more than the same period last year. According to the survey report of Beibei District, there has been more rain since October, and the incidence of lettuce frost disease is heavier. The rate of diseased plants is generally 10-100%, and the disease index is 1.5-54.
The frost enzyme disease is a common disease, and the farmers' prevention and control is relatively common. The city's prevention and control area is 365,800 mu, which is an increase of 35,900 mu compared with last year. The main control agents are: 72.2% Plex water agent 600-800 times liquid, 60% killing wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid, 78% Cobo wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 50% agricultural songs Wet powder 800 times solution. However, due to the low production value in the later period, farmers' control was poor.
3. Early and late blight of tomato:
It is the main disease in tomato production in our city. The area of early and late blight in 2005 was 223,300 mu, which was increased by 31,600 mu compared with last year. It was moderately occurring and some areas were heavily weighted. In recent years, the tomato planting area has gradually shifted to the outer suburbs. The early and late blight of tomato has become lighter in the suburban vegetable area, but it is heavier in the outer suburban areas such as Fengjie, Fuyang and Xiushan. The late tomato blight in the suburban area has a peak period. From April to June, the peak period of the vegetable fields in the outer suburbs is from late May to late June. Tomato cultivation in Changshou District is more, tomato early and late blight is one of the main diseases in tomato production in this area. This year, due to the long duration of rainy weather in June, it is suitable for disease occurrence, which is a medium-occurring year, and the disease rate is generally 3 -18%; after June, the condition has a tendency to develop into fruit. Early tomato disease in Xiushan County occurred early, and the epidemic spread quickly. It was a serious injury. It was a medium-heavy occurrence year. The county had an area of 25,000 mu and a prevention and control of 20,000 mu. The disease occurred at the beginning of April, and the morbidity rate was 16.9%. The average rate of diseased plants was 2.1%, and the average disease index was 0.42. The initial period of the disease was from late April to early May, which was worse than 2004. Early, the average disease rate was 22.7%, which was 9.4 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 4.73, which was 1.77 times that of 2004. In late May, the disease began to expand vertically, and the peak period appeared from late May to early June, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 46.0%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 22.67. It was 5.85 times that of 2004. At the end of mid-June, the peak of the disease was at the peak of the disease, with a disease rate of 46.7% and a disease index of 28.53. The late onset and epidemic period of tomato late blight in Xiushan County were later than last year, but the epidemic spread quickly and occurred heavily, which was moderately heavy. On May 18, the central disease plant was seen. The initial period was 5 days later than last year. The disease rate was 18.7%, which was 14.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 4.93, which was 5.3 in 2004. Times. The epidemic period of the disease is from the end of late May to the beginning of June, 10 days later than in 2004, the disease rate is 58.7%, 33.7 percentage points higher than last year; the disease index is 18.8, which is 3.76 times that of last year; On the 8th of the month, the average rate of census disease was 51.2%, and the average disease index was 18.93. The peak of disease epidemic occurred in late June, about 15 days later than last year. The average rate of systematic investigation was 80.7%, which was 19.3 percentage points lower than that of last year. The disease index was 43.92, which was 87.8% in 2004; On June 25, the average rate of census disease was 85.4%, which was 16.4 percentage points higher than that of the same period in 2004. The disease index was 44.13, which was 1.04 times that of 2004.
Due to the high value of tomatoes, farmers have a strong sense of self-defense, and the main control agents are: thiophanate, carbendazim, and can be killed.
4. Capsicum blight, eggplant blight:
Capsicum blight and eggplant blight have recently increased in the pepper producing areas of our city. This year, the two diseases were unevenly distributed, and the suburban vegetable areas occurred moderately, and some of the suburban vegetable areas were heavier. In Changshou District, this year's pepper disease is moderately mild, but some pepper fields are heavier than other peppers, and the disease rate is 3-15%, while other vegetable fields are generally about 3-6%. The pepper and eggplant blight in Wansheng District are moderately occurring. The peak incidence period is from late May to mid June. The disease rate is 2-40%, with an average of 21%. It occurs sporadically in July, and the disease rate is 0-20. %, an average of 11.6%. Due to the bad weather in May-June, it is difficult to control the drug, mainly using 72.2% Plex water agent 600-700 times or 64% anti-drug 矾 500 times spray control. The pepper disease in Xiushan County was early in the early stage and late in the prolonged period. The prevalence was slow in the early stage, and the damage occurred in the later stage. It was moderately heavy. The area of the county was 15,000 mu, and the prevention and control was 18,000 mu. On April 8th, the central diseased plant was found to be significantly earlier than in 2004. The diseased plant rate was 4.0%, 2.0 percentage points higher than that of 2004, and the disease index was 1.0, which was 2.0 times that of 2004. From late April to mid-June, the disease development is slow and the damage is light. In late June, the condition rose sharply, which was the beginning of the disease epidemic. It was 10-15 days later than 2004. The average disease rate was 19.4%, 10.7 percentage points higher than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.25, which was last year. 4.4 times. In July and mid-July, the disease continued to rise. The average disease rate at the peak was 65.3%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 44.83, which was 2.7 times that of 2004. The situation of the disease and disease of pepper blight in 2005 is shown in Figure 3.
The eggplant plague in Xiushan County is moderately occurring, with an area of 20,000 mu and an area of 25,000 mu. On March 28, the diseased strain rate was 1.3%, and the disease index was 0.23. The disease became prevalent in early May, the diseased plant rate was 17.0%, which was 9.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 3.95, which was 85.9 in 2004. %; In mid-May, the disease epidemic began, the peak disease rate was 37.3%, the disease index was 8.27; the disease epidemic peak appeared on June 18, which was later than 2004, and the peak disease rate was 55.3. %, 8.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, the disease index was 12.13, which was 76.0% in 2004. The dynamics of the disease in the field are shown in Figure 4.
5. Solanum ash enzyme disease:
In recent years, with the development of vegetable bases to the outer suburbs, the solanaceous ash enzyme disease is more common in the vegetable bases in the outer suburbs, and it is harmful in the seedling stage and the adult stage, with tomato gray enzyme disease, eggplant gray enzyme disease and pepper gray zymosis. Mainly.
Xiushan County Plant Protection Station carried out a seedbed survey on February 17, and the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato ash enzyme were 80%, 40%, and 0, respectively. The average disease rate was 7.2%, 2.0%, and 0; March 18 In the census, the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato ash enzyme were 80%, 75%, and 0, respectively, and the average disease rate was 4.7%, 9.2%, and 0. They were 14.5, 10.3, and 8.0 percentage points lower than in March 2004, respectively. On April 13th, the rates of tomato, eggplant, and pepper ash zymosis were 6.7%, 4.0%, and the disease rate was 9.3%, and the disease index was 1.67, 1.0, and 2.33, respectively.
Tomato ash enzymatic disease in Xiushan County is moderately occurring. In the mid-April census, the diseased plant rate was 7.8%, and the disease index was 2.18. The rate of disease screening in the initial stage of disease epidemic in early May was 10.2%, which was 27.3 percentage points lower than that in the same period of 2004. The disease index was 2.54, which was 2004. 22.6% of the year. From the end of late May to the beginning of June, it is the peak of disease epidemic. The peak disease rate was 39.3%, which was 6.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.17, which was 84.8% in the same period of 2004. Eggplant gray enzyme disease is moderately occurring years. On March 18, the disease rate was 19.3%, and the disease index was 4.8. On March 28, the disease rate decreased, the disease rate was 5.3%, and the disease index was 1.33. The disease rate was 3.6 in mid-April. %, the disease index is 0.91; 5 in the early epidemic period, the disease rate was 11.3%, the disease index was 2.83; the census disease rate was 6.0%, which was 7.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, and the disease index was 1.48. It was 13.2% in 2004. From mid-May to late June, the disease showed a slow upward trend. At the end of June, it reached the peak of epidemic, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 18.0%, which was 9.3 percentage points lower than that in 2004. It was 4.5, which was 65.9% in 2004. In early July, due to the large removal of old leaves and side branches, the disease showed a gradual decline. Capsicum ash zymosis is moderately mild, and pre-existing diseases are prevalent. On March 28, the rate of census disease was 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively, and the disease index was 1.7 and 2.5 respectively. The rate of census disease was 10.0% in mid-April and the disease index was 2.5. At the end of April, the epidemic peak was reached. Earlier than 2004, the peak disease rate was 12.0%, 1.3 percentage points lower than that in 2004; the disease index was 3.17, which was 95.2% in 2004. In early May, the diseased side was gradually removed due to the removal of the diseased side branches. The rate of diseased plants was 8.4% on May 4-6, which was 6.9 percentage points lower than the epidemic period in 2004, and the disease index was 2.11. It was 44.6% in 2004.
5. Other diseases:
Other diseases such as eggplant verticillium wilt, ginger mites, cruciferous vegetable black rot, viral diseases, etc. occur in different degrees in our city. Black rot in Beibei District occurred in lotus and cauliflower in autumn and winter, and the diseased strain rate was 1-16%.
Pest
1. aphid:
It is a common pest, which is harmful to many crops. It is most seriously affected by lotus white, cowpea, loofah and cucumber. In 2005, it was a medium-heavy occurrence year. Some districts and counties such as Wansheng District were the major occurrence years. The total area of the city was 992,400 mu, an increase of 46,500 mu compared with last year. The characteristics of this year are: the occurrence time is early, the peak period is longer than in previous years, the amount is large, and the autumn is heavy. The peak season in Wansheng District is from mid-March to late June, and the peak season in autumn is from August to October, which is 7-10 days longer than normal. In mid-March, the rate of sorghum was 6-80%, with an average of 64%, and the number of sorghum was 60-960, with an average of 532. In June, the rate of sorghum on 100% of untreated cucumbers was 100%. The maximum amount of sputum was 26,390; in mid-September, the rate of sputum in lotus was 10-100%, and the amount of arsenic was 380-96000. The longevity area is a medium-occurring year. It was first seen on the green beans on March 9th, 26 days earlier than last year. The occurrence period is from April to November, and the damage period is longer. The hazard period is from May to June. The amount of insects on sea pepper, eggplant and lettuce is large, the rate of insects is 5-28%, the number of strains is 16-50 heads; the rate of insects is up to 62%, and the highest number of insects is 104. The Beibei District is relatively light, and it is seen at the beginning of April. The main damage period is from April to October, and it occurs sporadically in autumn and winter. In spring, the white and cauliflower has a strain rate of 10-20%, and the number of insects is 180-380. It is lower than last year's insects; in autumn, the rate of insects is 2-10%, and the number of insects is 30-100, which is close to last year. The rate of worms on eggplant and cowpea is generally 2-40%, and the number of worms is 10-250. At the peak on July 13, the rate of worms on autumn peas and eggplants is 10-80%, and the amount of worms is 40- At 1040 heads, the average number of louvers was 370, which was lower than the peak amount of insects in 2004. In the Yubei District, the temperature changes greatly in winter and spring, and it has a greater impact on the occurrence of aphids, which is moderately heavy. On March 8th, at the seedling stage of lettuce, the rate of sorghum was 16%, and the number of sorghum was 58. On March 17, the rate of sorghum was 26%, and the number of sorghum was 276-680. The temperature increased and the amount of mites increased rapidly. On April 5, the rate of sorghum was 68%, and the number of sorghum was 2500-5240. On April 19, the rate of sorghum was 100%. 11600 heads; on May 31st, during the lotus-white period, there were 100% sorghum and 100 sputum. On June 21, the rate of sorghum was 100%, and the number of worms was 1,428. .
Due to the common occurrence of locusts, farmers have a strong ability to control the worm. In 2005, the area of locust control was 1,003,300 mu, which was 50,000 mu more than last year. The main medicinal agent had 70% Emerald granules 6000-8000 times, 10%.蚜虱 可 wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid, 5% insect NET emulsifiable oil 800-1000 times liquid and so on.
2. Plutella xylostella:
It is a common pest, which is seriously damaged in spring and autumn. The peak period in spring is from late April to early June, and the peak in autumn is in late September. The occurrence in 2005 is moderate, slightly lighter than last year, but The area of occurrence is relatively wide; the area of occurrence is 529,700 mu, which is an increase of 52,400 mu compared with the previous year. The area of Changshou District is moderately occurring, the spring is 3-5 months, the autumn is from August to November, and the adults are seen at the beginning of March 9. 15 days later than the beginning of February 22, the number of insects in the spring is generally 6-28, and the rate of insects is 8-18%. In autumn, the whiteness of the lotus is heavier, and the rate of insects is 10-68. %, the amount of 100 strains of insects is 30-189 heads. Wansheng District is moderately light, with a rate of 30-60% in the middle and late ten days, an average of 32% of the 100% insects 30-270, an average of 112, in mid-August, the rate of insects is 10-90%, The average is 51%, the number of insects is 30-160, with an average of 74.3. In September and mid-September, the rate of insects was 2-80%, with an average of 45.5%, and the number of insects was 90-360, with an average of 130. In late October, the rate of individual plants in the lotus field was 100%, and the number of insects was 350. . The spring and autumn seasons in Beibei District are mixed with cabbage caterpillars, which harm the cruciferous vegetables. From March to May, the rate of insects is 10-80%, and the number of insects is 10-350, which is younger than that. From July to November, the rate of insects was 2-80%, and the number of insects was 2-230, slightly higher than last year. The peak amount of insects is not obvious. Compared with the same period of last year, Yubei District has a slight decline, which is a medium-occurrence year. On March 18, the investigation of lotus seedlings has a 6% strain rate and 14 insect strains. On March 24, The rate of worms was 14%, and the number of worms was 36. On April 20-May 10, at the beginning of the balling, the rate of worms was 100%, and the number of worms was 1 464. Investigation on May 16 The rate of insects is 100%, and the number of insects is 1920. On May 23, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 440. From June to June 21, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 810-1288.
Prevention and control of Plutella xylostella and control of Pieris rapae were carried out at the same time, but due to the strong resistance of Plutella xylostella, it is more difficult to control; in 2005, the area of control was 599,400 mu, an increase of 81,400 mu compared with the previous year. For the prevention and treatment of pharmaceuticals, 10% of the suspension agent is 800-1000 times, and 1.8% of the milkworm is 2000-4000 times.
3. cabbage caterpillar:
Mixed with Plutella xylostella, the degree of occurrence was not significantly different during the year. It was moderate in 2005 and heavy in autumn in spring; the area was 823,300 mu, an increase of 20,400 mu over the previous year. Wansheng District entered the peak period in late May. The rate of insects was 40-100%, with an average of 70%, which was lighter than that in 2004. The number of strains was 40-1840, with an average of 542. After the end of July, the number of insects in the autumn lotus is generally below 230, which is lighter than last year. The cabbage in the Changshou District saw adult worms at the beginning of the ferry field on February 27, 7 days earlier than the beginning of March 6 last year. The occurrence of spring and autumn in Beibei District is similar to that of last year. From March to May, the rate of insects is 14-100%, the number of insects is 22-670, and the number of eggs is 30-850. From July to November, the rate of insects is 2-50%, the number of insects is 2-120, and the number of eggs is 2-28. The Yubei District has a moderately heavy occurrence this year. The peak of the damage is from April to mid-May. On March 17, the rate of insects in the lotus is 12%, and the number of insects is 22. On March 24, the strain was investigated. The rate was 20%, and the number of strains was 52; on April 16, the rate of insects was 76%, and the number of strains was 2,880; on April 28, the rate of insects was 100%, 100 strains. The number of insects was 1008; on May 14th, the rate of insects was 100%, and the number of insects was 1,360; in the middle and late May, the application of pesticides by the vegetable farmers decreased, and the number of insects decreased greatly; on May 23, there were insects. The rate was 100%, and the number of strains was 222.
Farmers are more active in controlling cabbage caterpillars. In 2005, the area of control was 931,200 mu, an increase of 42,000 mu from the previous year. Control agents are generally selected: 10% of the suspension agent 800-1000 times solution, 1.8% of the Anopheles clear milk 2000-2500 times, 5% Ruijinte suspension agent 1000-1200 times.
4.
Including red spiders, sassafras, red spiders are mainly harmful to solanaceous fruits, melons, beans and vegetables, especially cowpea, green beans and eggplant are the most seriously damaged; while sassafras is mainly harmful to pepper. The degree of occurrence occurred in 2005 was moderate, and some areas were heavier; the area of occurrence was 475,500 mu. The peak period of red spiders is generally from late May to early July, and the average number of lobes is 45-4836 heads, up to 7550 heads. The peak period of the sassafras is generally in the middle of July, the rate of worms is 12-90%, and the amount of worms is 72-3800. This year, the pepper base in Qijiang County was seriously damaged by the sassafras. Wansheng District has a large annual occurrence this year. In mid-April, the rate of insects on the green beans was 1-25%, with an average of 8.7%, the rate of insects was 10%, and the number of worms was 12; in May, mid-May, there were insects. The plant rate is 10-100%, the rate of worm leaves is 13-39%, the amount of lobster is 20-311 heads, with an average of 158 heads. In late May, the rate of worms, sea peppers and loofah is 30-100%, with an average of 72.5%. There are 44.75% worm leaf rate, 70-1290 vines, with an average of 708 heads; in early June, the rate of worms is 20-100%, the rate of worms is 25-46%, and the amount of lobes is 282-3846 heads, with an average of 1032. Head; entering the first peak period in mid-June, the rate of insects was 100%, the rate of insects was 76-100%, the average was 88%, and the number of insects was 14,965; in late June, the amount of insects decreased, and there were insects. The leaf rate is 6-67%, with an average of 33%, the variegated amount is 17-350 heads, with an average of 134 heads; in the second peak period in late August, the rate of insect strains is 55%, and the number of strains is 3600-4800 heads. 4200 heads; the replacement of crop varieties from October to November, plus the use of drugs to control the amount of insects, the amount of insects decreased. This year, the longevity area of the red spider is a medium-occurring year. On March 27th, it was first seen on the sea pepper. It was 18 days earlier than the initial period of last year. The peak period was in the middle and late May-June. The rate of insects was 10-24%. The rate of worms is 31%, the number of worms is 12-50, the average insects are 20-60, the rate of worms is 5-25% on a large area, and the number of worms is 10-60. The incidence was lighter than last year; the insects also occurred in August-October, but the damage was not serious. The rate of insects on the beans in autumn and autumn was about 10%, and the number of insects was 10-35. Beibei District first saw on May 12, about 20 days later than last year. The occurrence period was from mid-May to late August, with a larvae rate of 3-100% and a variegated volume of 3-3050. The peak period was in mid-June. In the first seven months of the month, the rate of worms was 7-100%, and the number of lobsters was 17-3050, with an average of 655 heads, which was lower than last year's peak insects.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 575,600 mu, an increase of 68,000 mu from the previous year. The main drugs used by farmers are: insects, sputum, sputum, and chlorpyrifos. For the prevention and treatment of pesticides, use 1.8% worm emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times or 15% broom emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid spray.
5. Liriomyza:
There are mainly Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae, which are harmful to a variety of vegetable varieties. In 2005, the area was 205,700 mu, which is equivalent to last year, and the degree of occurrence is moderately light. Since the discovery of Liriomyza sativae in 1995, after several years of comprehensive prevention measures and climatic conditions, the degree of occurrence in the suburban vegetable areas has been decreasing year by year, and the damages in the severely affected counties such as Wansheng, Jiulongpo and Beibei have been significantly reduced. In particular, the degree of damage in autumn was greatly reduced compared with that of 98 years ago; however, the suburban vegetable areas such as Fuling, Fengjie, and Xiangyang have been heavier in recent years, and the rate of insects has reached 30-100%. Liriomyza huidobrensis has been violent in some areas in recent years from May to June, but it has not been a long time. In May this year, Jiulongpo District found that Liriomyza huidobrensis was found to be harmful to rattan in some greenhouses. However, it was not controlled by the yellow plate to prevent large losses. The occurrence trend of Liriomyza sinensis in Wansheng District is similar to that of last year. The initial period is slightly earlier than last year, and its damage degree is slightly lighter. It is a moderately light occurrence year, mainly in loofah, lettuce, autumn green beans, autumn kidney beans and other crops. It happened. The whole area has a total area of 0.47 million mu and a control of 0.45 million mu. The field survey was first seen in early March, and sporadic occurred in April-May. In the first half of June, the rate of insects on the loofah was 100%, and the rate of insects was 46%, 52% less than the same period of last year. The index of insects was 33; the damage occurred in late July. Declining, the rate of insects was 42.5%, the rate of insects was 27.3%, 22.7% less than the same period of last year, and the insect index was 10; the damage was gradually aggravated in August, and the peak of the disease occurred in mid-November-October, in the loofah, autumn beans, The autumn peas have a bacterium rate of 90-100%, a worm-like rate of 8-40%, an average of 24%, and an average insect index of 4.5. In early November, sporadic occurrences occur on lettuce. Beibei District is a light-year occurrence this year. It occurs from early April to late August. It is mainly from Liriomyza huidobrensis, which is harmful to eggplant, cowpea, green beans and loofah. At the beginning of April 6, the peak period was not obvious. Some fields were slightly heavier. Other fields were sporadic. From April to August, the rate of insects was 1-49%, and the insect index was 0.2-19, which was less than last year. No larvae were found to be harmful. In the late May, the average disease rate of cowpea was 30%, the highest disease rate reached 70%, the insect index was 0.26, and the insect leaf rate was 5.9%-32.7%.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 190,400 mu, a decrease of 21,600 mu from the previous year. The control agent is mainly used with 1.8% Jiqi worms 1 bag to 1 sprayer water or 30% Avi? Kill WP 1 bag to 1 sprayer water or 50% gram WP powder for 6-10 grams or 22% deworming net emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid spray.
6. Noctuidae pests:
In recent years, the damage has gradually increased. It is mainly dominated by beet armyworm and Spodoptera litura. It is more harmful crops, and it is harmful to crops such as onion, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, loofah, rattan and red peony. In 2005, the area was 324,600 mu, which was slightly lighter than last year. It was a medium-occurring year. It occurred in some areas and the area of prevention and control was 334,400 mu. The occurrence of pests in the city of Noctuidae is characterized by the occurrence of heavy in some areas, especially the flea town of Dadukou District. The green onions have been planted for many years, and the beet armyworms are very serious from May to June every year. 98%, the number of strains of insects is 1-475. In the first half of June, Wansheng District investigated the rate of worms on cabbage, which was 60%, and the number of worms, 230. In autumn, it was heavy, and it began to sporad in late July. The rate of insects in the middle and late August was 10-80%, with an average of 46.7. %, the number of 100 strains of insects is 10-700 heads, with an average of 230 heads; September is the peak period of damage, and the rate of insects in the white lotus is 10-20%, with an average of 17%, and the number of insects is 260-1240, with an average of 607 heads. In mid-October, the amount of insects after the control of lotus white harvest was 350-630 heads. Controlling the larvae of the larvae on the cabbage was sprayed with Ou Green No. 1 plus 20% triazophos 100 ml with water 45-60 kg. The longevity area is a medium-occurring year. It is more harmful on rattan and radish. The rate of insects is about 21%, and the number of strains is 8-35. Most of them are Spodoptera litura.
In 2005, the area of prevention and control was 334,000 mu, which was reduced by 24,500 mu compared with the previous year. The number of farmer households was more and more frequent, and there were many types of pesticides used, such as insecticidal bismuth, phoxim, lesbian, and exhaustion. The control effect is not ideal.
7. Other pests:
In recent years, the bean pod has become one of the main pests of the bean vegetables in our city. It mainly occurs on cowpea and green beans. It occurred in 2005. In the middle of May, Wansheng District investigated 6% of soybean poisoning in the middle of May. In the middle of the month, it is the peak period of summer cowpea, and the flower damage rate is 6-80%. The mid-August to the beginning of September is the peak period of autumn cowpea, and the flower damage rate is 10-35%. Beibei District is responsible for the green beans and cowpeas. It was first seen on May 18th. The hazard period is from May to August. The green beans are lightly damaged, the pod damage rate is 1-5%, and the number of worms is 1-4. The flowering rate of cowpea is 2-50%, and the number of flowers is 1-45. Because farmers are not easy to master the prevention and treatment time, the prevention and treatment is more difficult, the application times are many, but the effect is not satisfactory, and the control agent has 5% sharpness.
In recent years, snails and snails have become more and more serious diseases. They have taken care of the seedlings of bamboo shoots, cabbage, cowpea, green beans, cucumber, and Chinese cabbage, resulting in broken seedlings. It also feeds on the young leaves and true leaves of plants such as rapeseed, corn, wheat bran, broad beans, and peas, causing yield loss. Wansheng District began to investigate the occurrence of snails and snails in mid-February. There was a catastrophic period from February to May. During the dry period in mid-July, it was often hidden under the soil or at the roots of plants, secreting thin films and closing shells. Mouth, temporarily do not eat or not. However, in the first ten days of August, when it was rainy and rainy, it resumed its activities until September, and a lot of activities were harmful. It coincided with the period of vegetable production and seedling in our district, mainly for the bamboo shoots, lotus white, Chinese cabbage, leeks, cowpeas and red peony. Snails live on dandelions and leeks for a long time. As long as there are dandelions and leeks growing, snails can be found in the wet weather after rain. The main types of snails found are: gray snails, same-type snails, Chinese snails, and snails; the types of screws are: fine snails, amber snails, and snails.
Third, the development of prevention and treatment of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005
In 2005, in the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, the plant protection departments of all districts and counties in the city earnestly implemented the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, earnestly carried out the work of measuring vegetables and pests, and actively applied new techniques to promote the prevention and control of vegetables and pests. Vigorously promote the comprehensive prevention and control technology of pollution-free vegetables, and achieved good results in prevention and treatment. In 2005, the area of vegetable pest control in the city was 5.236 million mu, which was 1.99% higher than the 5.132 million mu in 2004. The disease control area was 1,407,600 mu, slightly higher than that in 2004, and the pest control area was 3,166,300 mu, compared with 2004. The number of 3,417,500 mu increased by 5.5%; through the prevention and control work, the city recovered 203,000 tons of vegetables and achieved remarkable social, economic and ecological benefits.
1. Improve and improve the network of vegetable pests and diseases, do a good job forecasting and forecasting vegetables and pests, and guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the city.
According to the work carried out by the key vegetable monitoring stations in 2004, in 2005, five districts and counties and plant protection stations in Yubei District, Wansheng District, Changshou District, Beibei District and Wanzhou District were identified as the key points of vegetable diseases and insect pests in Chongqing. Forecast station. At the beginning of the year, the “Measures for the Measurement and Reporting of Vegetables and Pests in Chongqing City” was formulated at the beginning of the year, and the systematic investigation targets were determined according to the trend of the main pests and diseases of vegetables in the same year. The conventional systematic investigation objects mainly include: aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, spotted fly, red spider , Noctuidae pests, bean pods, frost enzymes, diseases, etc.; each key reporting station determines 3-4 species of pests as local vegetable pests and insects according to local conditions; the city station has unified the vegetable pest system The questionnaire standardizes the system investigation time, the investigation content and the reporting time. At the same time, the station also implements the system for reporting the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insects. In the main period of occurrence of pests and diseases, all districts and counties report to the main station every vegetable. The prevention and control of pests and diseases has enabled us to keep abreast of the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in various districts and counties. Based on the situation of each key station and the actual situation of the investigation, the station timely released the information on vegetable pests and diseases, and guided the prevention and control of large-scale vegetable pests and diseases in the city, so that the forecast was accurate and timely. In 2005, the city's main station issued a total of 4 issues of vegetable pest information, using electronic documents, e-mails, letters and other forms, to send information to the district, city, county plant protection station, vegetable station and pollution-free vegetable base township agricultural technology station .
Wansheng District carefully conducted systematic investigation and reporting in accordance with the requirements of the Chongqing Agricultural Technology General Station. At the same time, it issued a series of "Pests and Diseases Information" to guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the whole district. Beibei District has always listed the measurement of vegetable diseases and insect pests as the focus of plant protection work. In the case of only two staff members in the whole station, one person is responsible for the work of measuring and reporting the main pests and diseases of major varieties, highlighting the key points. In accordance with the requirements of the "Measures for the Measurement of Vegetable Diseases and Insects in Chongqing", we will carry out systematic investigations at regular intervals, keep abreast of the dynamics of pests and diseases in the field, and report to the competent departments of higher-level operations on time to provide the first measure for the prevention and control of vegetables and pests. First-hand information. At the same time, according to the dynamics of vegetable pests and diseases, the Beibei Plant Protection Information was compiled and issued in a timely manner. A total of 300 plant protection information on the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases were issued in the whole year. In order to further improve the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in the region, it has played a big role. Yubei District actively carried out pest and disease investigation and information feedback, issued 5 issues of pest and disease information, and printed and distributed more than 220 copies.
2. Take various forms to cooperate with the production of pollution-free vegetables in the city, vigorously promote the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, and carry out training on the comprehensive prevention and control technology of pollution-free vegetables.
This year, after plant protection, soil fertility, and agricultural technology were combined into Chongqing Agricultural Technology Station, Chongqing Agricultural Technology Promotion Network was re-established. The Department of Prevention and Control, and the district and city plant protection stations will timely report the occurrence and control of vegetables and pests. Published online to guide the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases throughout the city. In 2005, more than 30 pieces of information on the prevention and control of various diseases of vegetables and vegetables were published online. At the same time, we also published pest information and prevention technology in the "Science and Technology Agriculture", "Nongjia Science and Technology", and other newspapers and magazines, and expanded the scope of publicity. In recent years, with the continuous development of the visual and forecasting work of pests and diseases, the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases will also be gradually forecasted. For example, after the broadcast of the visual forecast of the occurrence and control of cabbage caterpillars produced by Wanzhou District, it has been welcomed by the majority of vegetable farmers and received Better results.
While doing a good job of propaganda, the technical station also sent technical cadres to Dadukou District, High-tech Development Zone, Jiangjin City and other places to carry out several technical training sessions. The training adopted multimedia forms, and the township agricultural cadres and vegetable growers The company has carried out “integrated prevention and control technology for pollution-free vegetables”, “Technology and Control Techniques for Major Pests and Vegetables”, and “Science and Safe Use of Pesticide Technology”. At the same time, it introduced a variety of new pesticides, new drugs and new technologies, especially for the promotion of vegetable pest control in recent years. The Jiaduo frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp and the insect-induced attractant trapping technology to be introduced have been trained and received good results, which have been well received by the trainers. Various districts, cities and counties have also carried out various forms of publicity and training in light of local actual conditions. The towns in Jiulongpo District use agricultural science and technology publicity month, science and technology to send books to the countryside, science and technology to catch up and other activities, take the form of cable TV, radio, on-site prize-winning questions and so on, widely publicize the significance and production technology of pollution-free vegetable production . The procedures have increased the interest of the propaganda and extensive participation. They have achieved good publicity and distributed more than 10,000 copies of various promotional materials and technical materials. They are very popular among producers and consumers, and the people who come to consult are not satisfied. Absolutely. In addition, the towns also produce slogans, signs and posters for publicity. The district used the agricultural science and technology publicity month and science and technology to send books to the countryside to promote the publicity 6 times, cable radio propaganda 10 times, cable TV publicity 20 times, the blackboard report 6 times, the production of hanging slogans 30, exhibiting a variety of propaganda board 8 . Held various forms of technical training 11 times and trained 930 times. More than 2,000 pieces of cultivation technical materials such as "Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Vegetables" and "Technology for the Prevention and Control of Disease-free Vegetable Pests and Diseases" were issued, and more than 5,000 person-times of knowledge on pollution-free vegetables were accepted.
3. Further strengthen the promotion of vegetable pest control technology and scientifically guide the comprehensive prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases.
Since the city launched the production of pollution-free vegetables in 1999, our station has always promoted the prevention and control of new technologies in the first place. In 2003, Jiaduo frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp technology was introduced for the first time, and remarkable control effects have been achieved. In recent years, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp technology has been promoted as a pollution-free vegetable production control technology in the city. In 2005, the city newly promoted 550 频 频 杀 盏 盏 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Protecting the agricultural ecological environment has played an important role. This year, I also tried to introduce insect sex pheromones to control the pests of Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella and Noctuidae, and achieved preliminary results. This year, I joined the Municipal Science and Technology Commission project "Research on the catastrophe law of vegetable night moth pests in Chongqing", and conducted a preliminary study on the occurrence of beet armyworm in vegetables in the city, and carried out the frequency vibration insecticide trap night. The moth pest investigation and preliminary efficacy control tests have made certain progress, providing scientific information for the development of effective prevention and control measures in the future.
All districts, cities and counties have also taken corresponding measures to guide local vegetable pest control. Beibei District guides the use of medicines by vegetable farmers, masters the control period, and all kinds of diseases are in the early stage of the disease. The pests are in the stage of larval larvae and spotting, gradually correcting the phenomenon of drug abuse and drug abuse; promoting the use of biological pesticides and killing Insect lights extinguish pests. Extensively publicize pollution-free technology, recommend high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides to farmers, and prohibit the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl 1605, carbofuran, and omethoate to promote the harmless production of vegetables. The process has played a role. Wansheng District inspects and guides the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the youth and Jinqiao Town pollution-free vegetable production bases throughout the year; the Plant Protection Service Department carries out the technology according to the basic service requirements of “safe, effective and consciously rejecting the use of high toxicity, high dose and high residue”. Supporting services; carried out a variety of vegetable pest control trials and demonstrations based on the prevention and treatment of snails, noctuid larvae, etc., and achieved good results.
4. Strengthen the inspection of pollution-free vegetable production bases and promote the production of pollution-free vegetables.
In order to promote the production of pollution-free vegetables in the city, I stationed actively cooperated with the municipal competent departments to strengthen the inspection and guidance of the pollution-free vegetable production base. This year, we went to Wushan County, Fengjie County, Wuxi County and other remote suburban vegetable bases for inspection, and guided the bases in the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases, and the technology of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp, to promote the production of pollution-free vegetables. It has played a positive role.
Fourth, the main problems exist
1. The funds for the measurement and reporting of vegetables and pests are seriously insufficient, and the means of reporting and reporting are relatively backward, which seriously affects the accuracy of the data. The level of professional forecasting technology of the forecasting personnel is not high.
2. Inadequate funding for prevention and control work is not conducive to the further promotion of new technologies for pest control.
3. The basic agricultural technology plant protection service system is not perfect, the pest control technology has a low rate of access, and the prevention and control technology is not enough.
4. Some vegetable farmers have low literacy, and they are slow to receive scientific and technical knowledge. They cannot correctly grasp the effective control period, the types of drugs and the methods of prevention and control, and the effects of pest control are affected; in some areas, the phenomenon of drug abuse still exists.
V. Forecast of the occurrence trend of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005. According to the weather trend of meteorological departments, combined with the current occurrence characteristics of vegetables and pests, and the occurrence of pests and diseases over the years, it is expected that the occurrence trend of vegetable pests and diseases will be moderate in 2006, and moderate to moderate occurrence in local areas; It is more serious than disease. The main pest and disease occurrence trends are as follows:
1. Aphids: The occurrence of moderate to heavy weight occurs in an area of about 1 million mu.
2. Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella: mixed occurrence occurs in a moderately-weighted area with a total area of about 1.3 million mu.
3. Noctuidae pests: moderately occurring, heavier in local areas. The area of occurrence is about 300,000 mu.
4. Liriomyza: It occurs in moderate to light, with an area of about 200,000 mu.
5. Earthworms: including red spiders and sassafras, moderately occurring, with an area of 450,000 mu.
6. Frost enzyme disease: mainly caused by cucumber cream enzyme disease and cabbage cream enzyme disease, occurs moderately, and occurs in local areas; the total area is about 400,000 mu.
7. Epidemic diseases: including tomato early and late blight, pepper blight, etc., occur moderately, with an area of 300,000 mu.
8. Cruciferous vegetables black rot, soft rot: vegetables occur in medium, with an area of about 200,000 mu.
9, other pests and diseases: mainly pod wild beetles, tobacco budworms, seedling diseases, etc., the area of about 400,000 acres.
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