Summary of the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases in Guangxi in 2019
In 2005, Guangxi Jiebao reported frequently that the China-ASEAN Expo was successfully launched in the capital Nanning for the first time. The China-ASEAN Investment and Trade Summit was successfully held. In 2005, the 6th Nanning International Folk Song Festival was held in songs, and the economy sang, "Two Sessions" For Guangxi, we have won unlimited business opportunities, and our workers, farmers, and businesses have made great progress. In the drought year of Guangxi, the grain production can still achieve good results. The crop pest control work has fully played the role of disaster prevention and relief, and has made due contributions to the development of grain production and the promotion of farmers' income. The 2005 rice pest control work in Guangxi is summarized as follows:
I. Overview of the occurrence and control of pests and diseases
In 2005, Guangxi suffered a drought in 50 years, first in spring and summer. In July, most of the region suffered from floods, but the time was not long, followed by continuous high temperature and continuous drought in autumn and winter. No typhoon entered Guangxi in the whole year. In the early and late rice planting period, the planting period is delayed and elongated. The early rice is generally delayed by 7 to 15 days. The local rice planting period is extended to about 1 month. There are many bridges in the field and the seedlings are complicated. The whole year's rice pests and diseases in the whole region were moderately heavy and localized, and the main pests and diseases occurred were common rice blast, rice sheath blight, rice bacterial stripe disease, stem borer, rice planthopper, rice vertical. Roller leafhopper, rice blast, and rodent damage. Among them, the annual three-spotted sorghum, the first half of the rice leaf roller, the occurrence of rice blast in the second half of the year and the damage caused by the disease were more serious than the same period of the previous year. The rice blast, rice blast, mites and rice leaf spot in the local rice area occurred. It is on the rise and other pests are basically flat. The total area of the occurrence is about 83 million mu, accounting for 236.6% of the rice planting area, slightly heavier than that of 2004. The area of prevention and control is about 88.7 million mu, accounting for 106.87% of the area, and the overall control effect is 86.0%. After the prevention and control, the rice is recovered. The loss was about 1.6 million tons and the actual loss was about 210,000 tons.
Looking at the occurrence of rice pests and diseases in Guangxi in 2005, there are mainly the following characteristics:
1. The first half of the year was heavier than the second half of the year, and the pests were more serious than the disease. In the first half of the year, it was moderately stressed and localized. In the second half of the year, the degree of moderate weight occurred, and the disease occurred in the later stage.
2. The migratory pests are coming in abundance, and the occurrence is widespread and the damage is serious. The rice leaf roller has moved into a peak, a wide area and a large amount. Rice planthoppers maintain a moderately large local pattern. The armyworms occur early and have a large amount of bread.
3. The prevalence of epidemic diseases is fast, and the occurrence of rice blast is on the rise, and the phenomenon of “falling nest” appears locally. The rice plagues in the northeastern Guangxi, Guidong, and Youjiang river valleys have a serious occurrence in the historic epidemic areas and in the rice-growing areas where the susceptible varieties are planted. Some counties such as Xiangzhou and Bobai have appeared “falling nests”.
4. Drilling pests occur more heavily than in the previous year. The local mites in the rice areas of Guizhong, Guangxi, and the northwestern Guangxi have a long period of occurrence, which is harmful and the trend of recovery is obvious.
5. Sustained severe dry weather, resulting in the occurrence of damage to the stem borer. In the second half of the year, rice sheath blight and rice planthoppers were lighter. Secondary pests such as rice weevil, rice blast, rice leaf blight, rice brown blight, rice root-knot nematode have a local uptrend, and rice blast, cane toad, bamboo raft and other soil mites have a wide range. It is a point and a piece of film.
Analysis of the causes: 1, climate: severe persistent drought affects rice transplant and growth, but also has a greater impact on the occurrence of pests and diseases. 2. Cultivation: The area of mid-season rice is large, and the transplanting period of late rice is later than that of the previous year. The difference in growth period of rice in the field is large, and the seedlings are complicated. It is not only conducive to the spread of pests and diseases, but also may cause certain differences in pests and diseases. In particular, the occurrence period of drill collar pests is lengthened, and the migration period of migratory pests is increased. 3. Prevention and control: High-toxic pesticides are banned in the second half of the year. Some farmers are not fully adapted to the use of alternative pesticides. Due to the poor growth of dry seedlings, individual farmers do not pay attention to prevention and control work, which affects the control effect.
II. Implementation and effectiveness of prevention and treatment organizations Strengthening organizational leadership, standardizing and strengthening public welfare prevention and control activities To implement the spirit of the Central No. 1 Archives and the Agricultural and Rural Work Conference of the Autonomous Region, the establishment of the Agricultural Department of the Autonomous Region is headed by Director Zhang Mingpei and Deputy Director Wei Zuhan. The deputy leader of the Leading Group for Major Crop Diseases and Pest Control of the Crops, and the local government and the administrative department of agricultural administration also set up a command organization for the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of crops, and effectively increased the organization and leadership of rice pest control. The implementation of "leadership, organization, capital, technology, materials" five in place, solid and effective implementation of rice pest control. At the beginning of the year, the Agriculture Department of the Autonomous Region forwarded the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Launching the Work of Unified Rodent Control in Spring Agricultural Areas, in order to kick off the prevention and control of major pests and diseases in the whole year. In late February, Deputy Director Wei Zuhan of the Agriculture Department of the Autonomous Region gave an important mobilization deployment to the plant protection department on how to implement the “Three Rural Issues” in the spirit of the Central No. 1 archives and promote the “Three Increases” at the “2005 Plant Protection Work Conference”. The target tasks of developing plant protection and prevention work for grain production were specifically proposed. According to the spirit of the meeting, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station formed a system for controlling major pests and diseases in a timely manner, and formulated 10 prevention and control plans for major rice pests and diseases, rice aphids, four insects and three diseases, and rodents and mites in rural areas. Guide the implementation of prevention and control throughout the year.
According to the key points and schedules of pest control in each period, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station reported to the People's Government of the Autonomous Region in the name of the Agricultural Department, “Dynamic Trends and Prevention and Control of Major Crop Diseases and Pests in the Middle and Late Period of the Region in 2005” and “Current Pests and Diseases on Late Rice” Production impact and coping strategies 2 materials and 10 prevention plans. In the name of the Department of Agriculture, the “Expert Seminar on the Prevention and Control of Highly Toxic Pesticide Crop Diseases and Pests in the Region”, the “Working Conference on Major Pests and Diseases Prevention and Control in Late Rice in the Whole Region” and the “Working Conference on Pest Control in Late and Late Rice in the Whole Region” were held. At the meeting, Deputy Director Wei Zuhan volunteered to deploy pest control. In the name of the terminus, the organization convened the “Meetings of Crops and Pests in the First Half of the Region and the Mobilization Conference on Early Rice and Pest Control”, “On-site Conference on the Elimination of Rats in the Spring Area of the Whole Region” and “High-toxic Pesticide Substitutes in the Whole District” Seminar on Prevention and Control Countermeasures, “On-site mobilization meeting for early rice major pest control”, “Commercial Conference on Crop Pests and Diseases in the Second Half of the Region”, “On-site mobilization meeting for major pests and diseases in the whole district” "After the winter and winter agricultural area unified rodent control work site" and held "the region's advanced training courses on crop pests and chemical control alternative technology", "the region's crop pests and television forecast and prevention guidance visualization training class" "the whole area locust control technology training Classes and other 8 meetings and 3 large training courses. It has issued the "Emergency Notice on Effectively Grasping the Prevention and Control of Early and Late Rice and Mid-Lower Diseases and Pest Disasters" and the "Emergency Notice on Effectively Grasping the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases, Pests and Rodents after Floods" in the whole district. Urgent Notice on the Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases in the Middle and Late Periods of Late Rice, "Notice on Carrying out the Work of Unified Rodent Control in Agricultural Areas in Autumn and Winter", "Letter on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases Such as Rice Aphids", 6 files such as the letter for the production of the bamboo tube control rat bait station for the demonstration of rodent control in the agricultural area. It has successively issued the “Pre-Criteria for Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases of Rice in the Region in 2005”, “Preparation Plan for Prevention and Control of Rats in Agricultural Areas in 2005”, “Opinions on Prevention and Control of Rice Pests and Diseases in the Region in 2005”, and “Agriculture in 2005” "Opinions on unified rodent control in districts", "Implementation plan for unified rodent control in spring agricultural areas in the whole district in 2005", "Model for comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases such as rice aphids in the whole region", and "Explanation and implementation plan for comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases in rice in Guangxi" , "Meetings of the Symposium on Highly Toxic Pesticide Alternative Varieties and Prevention Strategies in the Region", "Opinions on Prevention and Control of Late Rice Pests and Diseases in the Whole Region in 2005", "Implementation Plan for Unified Rodent Control in Autumn and Winter in the Whole District in 2005", and "Golden Agricultural Rats" "Implementation Plan for Harmful Zoning and Comprehensive Prevention Technology Collaboration Research", "2005 Guangxi Aphid Prevention and Control Plan", "2005 Autumn and Autumn Prevention and Control Work Opinions", 13 technical programs and "2005 spring planting spring farmland rodent control technology points", " Series of technical demonstrations and demonstrations for comprehensive prevention and treatment of major pests and diseases in rice, demonstration cards for “unified rodent demonstration zones in agricultural areas” and “demonstration cards for control of rodents in poison bait stations” , Organize and direct the region to carry out a major rice pest control work.
All localities responded positively and took corresponding effective measures to effectively and effectively control the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of rice. In particular, the People's Government of the autonomous region issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Field Management in the Middle and Late Stages of Early Rice and Preparing for the Preparation of Grain Production in the Second Half of the Year", requiring all localities to do a good job in organizing coordination and mobilization of major rice pests and diseases. Cooperate with linkage and supervise the implementation, and initially construct a mechanism for disaster prevention and mitigation of major pests and diseases of rice that is government-led, diversified, rapid response, efficient operation and extensive participation of farmers. Through several large-scale campaigns, several key areas and the construction of comprehensive demonstration areas, the development of conventional pest control in the whole area was carried out, except for the local rice area, the panicle neck, the rice planthopper, the rice stem borer, and the rice vertical roll. In addition to the damage caused by leaf mites, the rice pests and diseases are controlled as a whole under the allowable level of economic losses, and there is no large-scale pests and diseases to reduce production and loss, ensuring food production safety throughout the year. .
Strengthen monitoring and early warning, clarify the main targets, and lay the key prevention and control campaigns. The plant protection departments at all levels in the whole district should strengthen the monitoring and monitoring of pests and diseases, timely and accurately release intelligence, and scientifically guide the prevention and control, and effectively serve as leaders of all levels to assist the government. Good three related work on the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases. According to incomplete statistics, the whole station has reported about 1800 diseases and insects information throughout the year, with an average of 15 issues per county, 100% coverage of pests and towns, and an accuracy rate of over 85%. Work is carried out. The prevention and control of rice pests and diseases in the whole region are still dominated by rice planthoppers, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice gall midge, rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial stripe disease, "four insects and three diseases". We will do a good job in the unified elimination of rodents in the agricultural areas, and focus on organizing the implementation of three key prevention and control campaigns. First, in the spring and autumn, the agricultural areas unified rodent control. The region unified 17.5 million mu of rodent and 4.2 million households, recovered 165,000 tons of grain losses, and built 78 demonstration areas for rodent control in rural areas, with a demonstration area of about 904,000 mu and 320,000. In the spring, the rodent control in the agricultural area is mainly based on the safety of the farmland, the rodent, the spring, and the spring. The rodent control in autumn is focused on the prevention of rodent, winter, and rodent control. The second is the battle against major pests and diseases in early rice. The main target of rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and rice blast is to treat other diseases and insects. The agricultural plant protection departments at all levels in the district have earnestly carried out prevention and development organization, propaganda training, experimental demonstration and technical supporting services. The early rice pest control in the whole district is about 45 million mu, and the loss is about 900,000 tons. The third is the battle against pests in the middle and late rice. The main target of rice blast, rice stem borer, rice planthopper and rice blast is to treat other pests and diseases. All localities have conscientiously implemented the "Notice on Further Improving the Field Management in the Middle and Late Stages of Early Rice, Preparing for the Preparation of Grain Production in the Second Half of the Year" and the "Working Conference on the Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases in Late Regions". The combination of technology and technology, upper and lower combination, unified division and point-to-face combination organization, the prevention and control of late rice pests and diseases in the whole region is about 38 million mu, and the loss of recovery is about 700,000 tons.
In addition, we will focus on the guests, Beihai City, East Asia, and Longan, Hepu, Quanzhou, Guilin, Diecai, Longan, Rongxian, Yinhai, Suining, Nanning, and other suburbs. Emergency prevention and control, such as bamboo rafts, and effectively grasp the armyworms in the historical areas of the armyworms in Jingxi, Debao, Yizhou, Nandan, Tianzhu, Huanjiang, Xiangzhou, Liujiang, Xingbin, etc., as well as local areas such as Gangnan Emergency prevention and control of minor pests such as winter leaf flax leaf spot and Tiandong late rice mites.
We will do a good job in the management of major pests and diseases, promote the prevention and control of the surface, carry out research on rice pest and disease zoning, implement the combination of comprehensive management and emergency prevention, and the management of major pests and diseases, and focus on the comprehensive management of rice planthoppers in the whole region. Including 16 counties of Guilin, Hezhou and Zhangzhou, the comprehensive management of rice blast and rice blast re-emergence areas, comprehensive control of Sanhuatun re-issuing area in 20 counties of Guizhong, Guidong, and Youjiang, southwest Guangxi, including Yulin in southeastern Guangxi Comprehensive control of the bacterial stripe disease area in 15 counties of Guigang, Qinzhou and Beihai, and the comprehensive management of rice-salted mosquito recurrence areas in about 20 counties in Guizhong and southwest Guangxi, as well as rice in southeastern Guangxi, southeast Guangxi and northwest Guangxi Emergency control of vertical leafhoppers. Promote the prevention and control of the surface through the management of major pests and diseases.
Promote key supporting technologies and ancillary services, implement full-scale technical control of pests and diseases in large areas, follow the "Guangxi Rice Integrated Pests and Diseases Comprehensive Prevention and Control Regulations", and proceed from the rice field ecology to promote "agricultural prevention and control pressure base, scientific use of drug control "Protection of natural enemies to promote balance" prevention and control technology model, highlighting accurate reporting, compliance with standards, fitness training, protection of natural enemies and scientific and safe drugs, vigorously promote rice comprehensive control norms and techniques, and implement full-scale technical control.
In the prevention and control of major pests and diseases, in view of the characteristics and laws of the occurrence of damage to the stem borer, it is generally adopted to "grab the field, protect the field", "grab the 1st, 3rd generation, control 2, 4 generations", "anti-smashing the field, control the Honda" Baisui's governance strategies and measures coordinate the application of agricultural, artificial and chemical emergency control measures. The prevention and control strategies, measures and implementation modes of “double-weight, two-gate, three-selection, four-primary and five-integration” are implemented in the prevention and control of rice blast, so that the control of Putian Honda is equally important, and the two seedlings and the seedlings are divided into two. The road is dangerously affected, cultivates insect-free and strong cockroaches, and effectively divides into stalks, selects high-efficiency counterpart pesticides, prevention timing and field plots, and mainly uses pesticides for pesticide control, mainly based on rice, and mainly granules. Mainly poisonous soil. The implementation of rice blast prevention is based on planting resistant varieties, based on the cultivation of high-yield fitness control cultivation, and the “three ones” governance strategy guaranteed by scientific drug emergency prevention and control, and the disease center of Miaoye 瘟In the epidemic area of the neck, grasp the supporting technology of the drug application during the dangerous period of the big tire.
In the emergency prevention and treatment of drugs, vigorously promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, counter-control drugs: rice blast: Fengdeng, tricyclazole, spring threon, etc.; sheath blight: Jinggang enzymes, net dry net, etc.;虱: imidacloprid, buprofezin, etc.; stem borer, stem borer, rice leaf roller: insect-resistant, insecticidal double, insecticidal, fipronil; rice blast: chlorpyrifos, fipronil, c Line phosphorus, etc.; rice bacterial stripe disease: carbendazim, fungic acid, trichloroisocyanuric acid and so on.
In the technical supporting services, the plant protection system of the whole district continues to give full play to its own technology and network advantages, consolidating and developing the prevention and control technology promotion network and experimental demonstration base in more than 50 counties in 14 cities across the region. In the whole region, we will focus on promoting the use of major pests and diseases in rice, the new varieties of pesticides and their corresponding supporting technologies, and do a good job in experiment and demonstration, increase the capacity of prevention and control technology storage and enhance service capabilities, and realize the control and benefit through the combination of technology and services. Unite.
We will build a comprehensive demonstration network system for major pests and diseases of rice, and promote prevention and control work on the surface. According to the “Model for Integrated Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases of Rice Aphids in the Region”, 14 cities in the region are divided into Northeast Guangxi, Southeast Guangxi, Guizhong and Guangxi. The seven regions of South, Guibei and Guangxi are in Yongfu and Lingui in northern Guangxi, Zhongshan in the northeast of Guangxi, eight steps, Beiliu, Rongxian, Bobai, Hepu, Fangcheng in southeast Guangxi, and Liujiang in Guizhong. Xiangzhou, Guining's Suining, Lingshan, Guixi's Yizhou and other major grain producing counties built 14 autonomous regions and municipal-level rice major pest control demonstration zones, and 52 counties also built corresponding county-level demonstration zones. The demonstration area shall be unified with three treatments: comprehensive prevention, conventional control, and no application of pesticides, and establish demonstration cards, publicize demonstration contents and technical measures, issue technical materials, conduct publicity training, and organize on-site training for key prevention and control periods. Distribute drugs for prevention and treatment, carry out unified prevention and control actions, and conduct live propaganda and reporting through the mass media, promptly guide and promote the prevention and control of large-scale pests and diseases on the surface. The demonstration area of the whole area is about 820,000 mu, and the radiation area is more than 4 million mu. The total loss rate of pests and diseases in the demonstration area is controlled within 5%, the damage loss rate is controlled below 1%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by 20%. Highly toxic, high-residue pesticides, rice basically meet the pollution-free quality standards. At the same time, the rice aphid disaster investigation and the screening test for the ban on high-toxic pesticide substitutes have achieved certain results.
Discussion on the technical strategy for the prevention and control of high-toxic pesticide crop pests and diseases prevention and control. The Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on Prohibiting the Use and Sale of Highly Toxic and High-Residue Pesticides Such as Methamidophos and Requirement Since June 1, 2005, the whole district The scope prohibits the sale of any unit and individual and the use of five kinds of highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides such as methamidophos and their mixed preparations on various crops. The agricultural plant protection system of the whole district timely researches and adjusts the technical strategies for crop pest control, focusing on “ "Prohibition of high" has done a series of useful exploration and practice. In March and June, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station organized a seminar on “Highly Poisonous Pesticide Substitutes and Prevention Countermeasures” and “Expert Seminar on Prohibiting High-toxic Pesticide Crop Diseases and Pest Control Measures in the Region”. Relevant experts in teaching, management, promotion and pesticide production and sales, and the heads of the city and county plant protection stations of the whole district attended the meeting. The deputy director of the Agriculture Department of the autonomous region and the leaders of the relevant departments also attended the meeting. These two seminars discussed the status quo of high-toxic pesticides in our district, alternative varieties, crop pest control objects and prevention techniques, emergency control measures against pests and diseases, and medium- and long-term treatment strategies. A series of countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of pests and diseases after the ban on high-level pesticides and other high-toxic pesticides have been adopted. In September, the heads of the city and county plant protection stations of the whole district were again organized to hold the “Technical Exchange Conference on the Prohibition of High-toxic Pesticide Crop Pest Control in the Whole Region”, summarizing the phased results and deploying the next step. Nanning, Guilin, Liuzhou, Yulin, Hezhou, Chongzuo and Liujiang, Lingchuan, Guanyang, Quanzhou and other cities and counties have achieved good practical results.
Innovate work methods and methods, and do a good job in farmers' training and technology popularization. The large-scale TV program of Guangxi “Plant Protection into the Farmers” was successfully registered in 2004 as a popular science brand for the propaganda training and technology promotion of the plant protection system in Guangxi. Driven by the popular science brand of “Plant Protection into the Farmers”, in 2005, the plant protection system of the whole district carried out large-scale publicity training and technology promotion services around the theme of “Prohibition of High”. The total number of farmers trained was 108,000, and the information on pests and diseases was passed. Posted to the village, the implementation of zero-distance guidance and prevention, so that the "ban high" policy and regulations, harmless governance technology and scientific and safe drug use awareness into thousands of households. In June, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station and Guangxi TV Station successfully held the 6th Guangxi “Plant Protection into the Farmers” large-scale TV science activity in Hepu County with the theme of “Eco-agricultural pest control and harmless treatment”. Hepu County's comprehensive demonstration model for major pests and diseases of rice is used as a platform to publicize the technical measures for the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases in Guangxi, the high-toxic pesticide substitute varieties and the “prohibition of high” laws and regulations. The whole event was produced into a TV feature film broadcast continuously on Guangxi TV Station, and the TV feature film was burned into a CD-ROM as a publicity training material to issue the whole plant protection system.
The second is to promote the visualization and networking of prevention and control guidance. In April, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station held a training course on the production of crop diseases and insects TV forecasting and prevention and guidance programs in the whole district. More than 50 counties in the district carried out irregular TV forecasting and prevention and control work, and Yulin City insisted on regular broadcast every Monday to Saturday. The Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station produced and broadcasted the "Pest and Disease Prediction and Prevention" program in the section of "Into the Farm" in Guangxi Satellite TV, and broadcasted 32 issues in the "Golden Land" program section of Guangxi Satellite Broadcasting; in Guangxi Daily, About 30 articles on prevention and control technology were published in newspapers and magazines such as Southern Science and Technology News. At the same time, the “Guangxi Plant Protection Information Network” plant protection information exchange field and propaganda window will be used. More than 50 counties in the district have networked with the autonomous region's terminus, and the market share of Chongzuo and Beihai has reached 100%. Guangxi has adopted TV, Internet-centered TV, Internet, newspapers, magazines, radio and technical materials, slogans and other traditional methods to integrate the pest information release and prevention and guidance system.
The third is mass publicity training in the form of the scene. In accordance with the requirements of regional governance, in key areas and critical periods of major pest control, the plant protection departments at all levels timely organized the people to carry out on-site mobilization training, and produced TV programs to broadcast and guide the prevention and control of large areas. The autonomous region organized 16 large-scale prevention and mobilization training sites, and conducted on-site training and mobilization in the key periods of prevention and control of rice aphids, rice blast, rice planthoppers and rice leaf roller, in Hepu, Lingui, Suining, Liujiang and Yulin. Group anti-group treatment, shooting emergency control TV guidance program play, played an important role in the timely and effective control of disasters.
Third, the rice major pest control technology measures and their benefits in the spring and autumn rice fields unified rodent control. Promote the technical strategy of “spring farmland-based, unified bait trapping; farmland farmhouses in autumn, and sub-classification control”. In the spring, the implementation of poison bait trapping "unified actions, comprehensive coffers; selection of pharmacy, correct bait; local conditions, effective coverage; saturated poisoning, drug bait in place; check the residual leaks, sweep the residual mouse; perennial monitoring, consolidate the effect" A complete set of rodent control technology, vigorously promote the application of anticoagulant rodenticide sodium salt, coumatetral and drug control station control mouse technology. In 2005, the region's spring and autumn rice fields unified 17.5 million mutanes, with a net benefit of 315 million yuan.
Agricultural control base
1. Decrease the base of pests and reduce the source of infection. Timely ploughing and ploughing, ploughing the field, lowering the base of wintering locusts; salvaging the slag, burning or deep burying, eliminating the sclerotia of the sheath blight; after harvesting, destroying the diseased straw in time, or stacking it away from the straw, or Tanning fully decomposed compost; do a good job in seed disinfection, and use 100 grams of disinfection to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as rice blast and rice bacterial leaf streak. The whole district implemented about 410 mu of seed disinfection throughout the year, with a net benefit of 65 million yuan.
2. Do a good job in fitness control. 1 cultivate no disease and insects. Advocate new cultivation techniques such as dry nursery, throwing or live broadcasting. 2 Reasonably adjust the farming system and the layout of rice varieties, try to avoid mixed planting of early, middle and late rice, and reduce the “bridge field” so that the dangerous period of rice damage avoids the occurrence period of aphids. 3 Rational fertilization, pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, apply more organic fertilizer, avoid partial application, and delay application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to prevent the seedlings from being too greedy, which is beneficial to pests and diseases. 4 scientific water use. Shallow water transplanting, water back to green, sputum moisture, enough seedlings to dry the field, heading Yanghua back to shallow water irrigation, dry dry wet and wet management. The implementation of paddy field agricultural control technology is about 14 million mu, with a net benefit of 224 million yuan;
Scientific drug control is harmful. Adhere to the standard of prevention and control. Rational use of pesticide varieties, use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue, counter-pesticide, promote the application of biological pesticides. Use control strategies. Adopting the method of "concurrent treatment" and "pick and cure" to minimize the area of medication and the number of medications; use "to control small fields, protect large fields", and do a good job in the prevention and control of rice blast, rice blast, and mites in Putian, and alleviate the field It is harmful; it is harmful to control the next generation by “pressing the previous generation and controlling the future generations” to lower the number of the previous generation. Implementing a comprehensive prevention and control technology for early rice major pests and diseases with rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller, rice stem borer, rice blast, and rice blast, about 40 million mu, with a net benefit of 80 million yuan; The comprehensive control technology for the major pests and diseases of late rice, including rice stem borer, rice gall midge, rice planthopper and bacterial leaf streak, is about 36 million mu, with a net benefit of 720 million yuan; the implementation of chemical weeding technology in rice fields 19 million mu times, with a net benefit of 307 million yuan. In addition, during the prosperous period of locusts, the use of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and black light lamps to trap and kill moth-like adults has been promoted, and the number of occurrences has been reduced. The annual promotion area is about 80,000 mu, and the new net benefit is 1.6 million yuan.
Fourth, the use of rice pest control grants
In 2005, the central government supported the subsidy for major pests and diseases such as rice aphids in Guangxi, which was 4.5 million yuan. According to the requirements of the use of funds, combined with the actual characteristics of Guangxi and the regional characteristics of pests and diseases, the autonomous region used 1.8 million yuan at the same level, and the relevant cities and counties used 2.7 million yuan. The funds are mainly used for the implementation of major pest control organizations, monitoring and early warning, disaster investigation, disaster prevention mechanism and continuous pest control technology research, technical propaganda and farmer training, demonstration area construction, emergency control drug distribution and emergency mechanism construction.
V. Problems exist and problems exist in the countermeasures
1. With the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, the area of high-quality grain planting continues to expand, the proportion of hybrid rice planting is steadily increasing, but lack of resistance considerations; the reform of breeding methods, “dry cultivation and thin planting”, “no-tillage throwing”, “tossing” The promotion of cultivation techniques such as 秧" makes the rice planting period not uniform, the field seedlings are complex; the benefit agriculture develops rapidly, and the cultivation methods are diversified; plus climate variability, such as the persistent drought and rainy weather since last autumn and winter, and many other factors The impact of crop pests on the structure of the crops is also constantly changing, the region's migratory and drill-bit pests are serious, the local epidemic is still early, the damage is serious, some minor pests and diseases are rising, the risk of pests and diseases is increasing Large, but the corresponding measurement and prevention technology can not keep up, the efficient operation, rapid response, diversified investment, extensive participation in pest control mechanisms have not yet formed, and emergency prevention and control work is particularly passive.
2. The concept of pest control for people's application of pesticides is deeply rooted and has a large negative impact on the application of integrated control technologies, especially the prevention and control of high-toxic pesticide crops.
3. The finances at all levels in the district are generally difficult, and the business funds are seriously insufficient. Some county and city work are difficult to guarantee, the prevention and control measures are old and backward, the new technology is difficult to promote, and the work is unbalanced.
4. The pesticide market is chaotic, local management policies are different, pesticide supervision and management is lacking, and counterfeit or obsolete pesticides are flooding the market. The phenomenon of pit farmer pests has occurred from time to time, affecting the effectiveness of prevention and control and the promotion of new pesticides and new technologies. .
Countermeasures for continuous treatment of major pests and diseases of rice are recommended to adhere to the “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention” plant protection policy, strengthen the construction of pest control infrastructure, improve prevention and control measures, enhance technological innovation and reserve potential, and innovate prevention and control technology models and work for the people. The idea is to gradually build a long-term implementation mechanism of government-led, diversified investment, policy assurance, efficient operation, rapid response, and extensive participation of farmers, so that the comprehensive management of rice pests will gradually enter a new stage of sustainable control.
1. Strengthen the construction of major pest and disease monitoring infrastructure and systems, and improve disaster control capabilities. On the whole, the monitoring, early warning and prevention technologies for major rice pests and diseases in Guangxi have been relatively mature and standardized, but the monitoring infrastructure and system have yet to be further improved. In particular, the emergency prevention systems and methods need to be improved. Based on the requirements of the food security strategy, we will promote the construction of a comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation system that integrates major pest monitoring, early warning, emergency prevention, pesticide testing and safe use, and lays the foundation for the sustainable control of major pests and diseases of rice.
2. Increase investment in disaster relief and disaster reduction, and innovate the implementation mechanism for major pest control. The major pests and diseases of rice endanger the overall situation of social public security and stability, and are natural disasters that the state and the government must pay attention to and control. Therefore, based on their own duties, the formation of a major pest control plan system, special fund mechanism and additional funds system, strive for financial support at all levels, increase investment in disaster reduction and relief, and strive to form a government-led, diversified investment, policy assurance, efficient operation, The rapid response and long-term implementation mechanism involving farmers are the key to achieving sustainable control of major pests and diseases in rice.
3. Strengthen technical cooperation and research to improve the management level of major pests and diseases in rice. Carry out international and inter-provincial technical cooperation and research, in-depth study of the major pests and diseases of rice in the new situation and its physiological and ecological mechanisms, carry out pest and disease resistance monitoring and crop variety resistance monitoring, and focus on the development of biological The key control technologies centered on ecological regulation, make full use of high technology and combine with traditional means to continuously improve the level of major pests and diseases in rice. And advance with the times to promote the standardization and standardization process of measurement and control technology, and strive to harmonize the accuracy and accuracy of pest control technology, and the prevention and control technology model is more in line with the requirements of ecological agriculture development.
4. Effectively do a good job in farmers' participatory technical training and extension services. The main body of prevention and control work is the majority of farmers. Based on the IPM theory and participatory development ideas, the implementation of farmer technical training and extension services in the form of on-site methods such as field schools is the premise and basis for promoting the sustainable control of major pests and diseases of rice. It is also the only way to break through the comprehensive prevention technology and all advanced agricultural technology to promote the use of neck bottles. First, continue to promote and implement the relevant projects of rice IPM; secondly, form a pilot demonstration system for major pest control technologies for rice, and do a good job of demonstration model construction; third, launch the implementation of farmers' training and prevention campaigns on the technical scene. Highlight the demonstration and publicity training of key prevention technologies and safety science medication technologies; Fourth, under the information agriculture framework, make full use of information technology and mass media resources to promote the prevention, guidance, visualization and consultation of intelligentization process; It is to vigorously cultivate and develop the participation of farmers' organizations in prevention and control, effectively coordinate and resolve the contradiction between unified prevention and control of pests and diseases and decentralized management of farmers, and ensure the effectiveness of prevention and control work.
I. Overview of the occurrence and control of pests and diseases
In 2005, Guangxi suffered a drought in 50 years, first in spring and summer. In July, most of the region suffered from floods, but the time was not long, followed by continuous high temperature and continuous drought in autumn and winter. No typhoon entered Guangxi in the whole year. In the early and late rice planting period, the planting period is delayed and elongated. The early rice is generally delayed by 7 to 15 days. The local rice planting period is extended to about 1 month. There are many bridges in the field and the seedlings are complicated. The whole year's rice pests and diseases in the whole region were moderately heavy and localized, and the main pests and diseases occurred were common rice blast, rice sheath blight, rice bacterial stripe disease, stem borer, rice planthopper, rice vertical. Roller leafhopper, rice blast, and rodent damage. Among them, the annual three-spotted sorghum, the first half of the rice leaf roller, the occurrence of rice blast in the second half of the year and the damage caused by the disease were more serious than the same period of the previous year. The rice blast, rice blast, mites and rice leaf spot in the local rice area occurred. It is on the rise and other pests are basically flat. The total area of the occurrence is about 83 million mu, accounting for 236.6% of the rice planting area, slightly heavier than that of 2004. The area of prevention and control is about 88.7 million mu, accounting for 106.87% of the area, and the overall control effect is 86.0%. After the prevention and control, the rice is recovered. The loss was about 1.6 million tons and the actual loss was about 210,000 tons.
Looking at the occurrence of rice pests and diseases in Guangxi in 2005, there are mainly the following characteristics:
1. The first half of the year was heavier than the second half of the year, and the pests were more serious than the disease. In the first half of the year, it was moderately stressed and localized. In the second half of the year, the degree of moderate weight occurred, and the disease occurred in the later stage.
2. The migratory pests are coming in abundance, and the occurrence is widespread and the damage is serious. The rice leaf roller has moved into a peak, a wide area and a large amount. Rice planthoppers maintain a moderately large local pattern. The armyworms occur early and have a large amount of bread.
3. The prevalence of epidemic diseases is fast, and the occurrence of rice blast is on the rise, and the phenomenon of “falling nest” appears locally. The rice plagues in the northeastern Guangxi, Guidong, and Youjiang river valleys have a serious occurrence in the historic epidemic areas and in the rice-growing areas where the susceptible varieties are planted. Some counties such as Xiangzhou and Bobai have appeared “falling nests”.
4. Drilling pests occur more heavily than in the previous year. The local mites in the rice areas of Guizhong, Guangxi, and the northwestern Guangxi have a long period of occurrence, which is harmful and the trend of recovery is obvious.
5. Sustained severe dry weather, resulting in the occurrence of damage to the stem borer. In the second half of the year, rice sheath blight and rice planthoppers were lighter. Secondary pests such as rice weevil, rice blast, rice leaf blight, rice brown blight, rice root-knot nematode have a local uptrend, and rice blast, cane toad, bamboo raft and other soil mites have a wide range. It is a point and a piece of film.
Analysis of the causes: 1, climate: severe persistent drought affects rice transplant and growth, but also has a greater impact on the occurrence of pests and diseases. 2. Cultivation: The area of mid-season rice is large, and the transplanting period of late rice is later than that of the previous year. The difference in growth period of rice in the field is large, and the seedlings are complicated. It is not only conducive to the spread of pests and diseases, but also may cause certain differences in pests and diseases. In particular, the occurrence period of drill collar pests is lengthened, and the migration period of migratory pests is increased. 3. Prevention and control: High-toxic pesticides are banned in the second half of the year. Some farmers are not fully adapted to the use of alternative pesticides. Due to the poor growth of dry seedlings, individual farmers do not pay attention to prevention and control work, which affects the control effect.
II. Implementation and effectiveness of prevention and treatment organizations Strengthening organizational leadership, standardizing and strengthening public welfare prevention and control activities To implement the spirit of the Central No. 1 Archives and the Agricultural and Rural Work Conference of the Autonomous Region, the establishment of the Agricultural Department of the Autonomous Region is headed by Director Zhang Mingpei and Deputy Director Wei Zuhan. The deputy leader of the Leading Group for Major Crop Diseases and Pest Control of the Crops, and the local government and the administrative department of agricultural administration also set up a command organization for the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of crops, and effectively increased the organization and leadership of rice pest control. The implementation of "leadership, organization, capital, technology, materials" five in place, solid and effective implementation of rice pest control. At the beginning of the year, the Agriculture Department of the Autonomous Region forwarded the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Launching the Work of Unified Rodent Control in Spring Agricultural Areas, in order to kick off the prevention and control of major pests and diseases in the whole year. In late February, Deputy Director Wei Zuhan of the Agriculture Department of the Autonomous Region gave an important mobilization deployment to the plant protection department on how to implement the “Three Rural Issues” in the spirit of the Central No. 1 archives and promote the “Three Increases” at the “2005 Plant Protection Work Conference”. The target tasks of developing plant protection and prevention work for grain production were specifically proposed. According to the spirit of the meeting, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station formed a system for controlling major pests and diseases in a timely manner, and formulated 10 prevention and control plans for major rice pests and diseases, rice aphids, four insects and three diseases, and rodents and mites in rural areas. Guide the implementation of prevention and control throughout the year.
According to the key points and schedules of pest control in each period, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station reported to the People's Government of the Autonomous Region in the name of the Agricultural Department, “Dynamic Trends and Prevention and Control of Major Crop Diseases and Pests in the Middle and Late Period of the Region in 2005” and “Current Pests and Diseases on Late Rice” Production impact and coping strategies 2 materials and 10 prevention plans. In the name of the Department of Agriculture, the “Expert Seminar on the Prevention and Control of Highly Toxic Pesticide Crop Diseases and Pests in the Region”, the “Working Conference on Major Pests and Diseases Prevention and Control in Late Rice in the Whole Region” and the “Working Conference on Pest Control in Late and Late Rice in the Whole Region” were held. At the meeting, Deputy Director Wei Zuhan volunteered to deploy pest control. In the name of the terminus, the organization convened the “Meetings of Crops and Pests in the First Half of the Region and the Mobilization Conference on Early Rice and Pest Control”, “On-site Conference on the Elimination of Rats in the Spring Area of the Whole Region” and “High-toxic Pesticide Substitutes in the Whole District” Seminar on Prevention and Control Countermeasures, “On-site mobilization meeting for early rice major pest control”, “Commercial Conference on Crop Pests and Diseases in the Second Half of the Region”, “On-site mobilization meeting for major pests and diseases in the whole district” "After the winter and winter agricultural area unified rodent control work site" and held "the region's advanced training courses on crop pests and chemical control alternative technology", "the region's crop pests and television forecast and prevention guidance visualization training class" "the whole area locust control technology training Classes and other 8 meetings and 3 large training courses. It has issued the "Emergency Notice on Effectively Grasping the Prevention and Control of Early and Late Rice and Mid-Lower Diseases and Pest Disasters" and the "Emergency Notice on Effectively Grasping the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases, Pests and Rodents after Floods" in the whole district. Urgent Notice on the Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases in the Middle and Late Periods of Late Rice, "Notice on Carrying out the Work of Unified Rodent Control in Agricultural Areas in Autumn and Winter", "Letter on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases Such as Rice Aphids", 6 files such as the letter for the production of the bamboo tube control rat bait station for the demonstration of rodent control in the agricultural area. It has successively issued the “Pre-Criteria for Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases of Rice in the Region in 2005”, “Preparation Plan for Prevention and Control of Rats in Agricultural Areas in 2005”, “Opinions on Prevention and Control of Rice Pests and Diseases in the Region in 2005”, and “Agriculture in 2005” "Opinions on unified rodent control in districts", "Implementation plan for unified rodent control in spring agricultural areas in the whole district in 2005", "Model for comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases such as rice aphids in the whole region", and "Explanation and implementation plan for comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases in rice in Guangxi" , "Meetings of the Symposium on Highly Toxic Pesticide Alternative Varieties and Prevention Strategies in the Region", "Opinions on Prevention and Control of Late Rice Pests and Diseases in the Whole Region in 2005", "Implementation Plan for Unified Rodent Control in Autumn and Winter in the Whole District in 2005", and "Golden Agricultural Rats" "Implementation Plan for Harmful Zoning and Comprehensive Prevention Technology Collaboration Research", "2005 Guangxi Aphid Prevention and Control Plan", "2005 Autumn and Autumn Prevention and Control Work Opinions", 13 technical programs and "2005 spring planting spring farmland rodent control technology points", " Series of technical demonstrations and demonstrations for comprehensive prevention and treatment of major pests and diseases in rice, demonstration cards for “unified rodent demonstration zones in agricultural areas” and “demonstration cards for control of rodents in poison bait stations” , Organize and direct the region to carry out a major rice pest control work.
All localities responded positively and took corresponding effective measures to effectively and effectively control the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of rice. In particular, the People's Government of the autonomous region issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Field Management in the Middle and Late Stages of Early Rice and Preparing for the Preparation of Grain Production in the Second Half of the Year", requiring all localities to do a good job in organizing coordination and mobilization of major rice pests and diseases. Cooperate with linkage and supervise the implementation, and initially construct a mechanism for disaster prevention and mitigation of major pests and diseases of rice that is government-led, diversified, rapid response, efficient operation and extensive participation of farmers. Through several large-scale campaigns, several key areas and the construction of comprehensive demonstration areas, the development of conventional pest control in the whole area was carried out, except for the local rice area, the panicle neck, the rice planthopper, the rice stem borer, and the rice vertical roll. In addition to the damage caused by leaf mites, the rice pests and diseases are controlled as a whole under the allowable level of economic losses, and there is no large-scale pests and diseases to reduce production and loss, ensuring food production safety throughout the year. .
Strengthen monitoring and early warning, clarify the main targets, and lay the key prevention and control campaigns. The plant protection departments at all levels in the whole district should strengthen the monitoring and monitoring of pests and diseases, timely and accurately release intelligence, and scientifically guide the prevention and control, and effectively serve as leaders of all levels to assist the government. Good three related work on the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases. According to incomplete statistics, the whole station has reported about 1800 diseases and insects information throughout the year, with an average of 15 issues per county, 100% coverage of pests and towns, and an accuracy rate of over 85%. Work is carried out. The prevention and control of rice pests and diseases in the whole region are still dominated by rice planthoppers, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice gall midge, rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial stripe disease, "four insects and three diseases". We will do a good job in the unified elimination of rodents in the agricultural areas, and focus on organizing the implementation of three key prevention and control campaigns. First, in the spring and autumn, the agricultural areas unified rodent control. The region unified 17.5 million mu of rodent and 4.2 million households, recovered 165,000 tons of grain losses, and built 78 demonstration areas for rodent control in rural areas, with a demonstration area of about 904,000 mu and 320,000. In the spring, the rodent control in the agricultural area is mainly based on the safety of the farmland, the rodent, the spring, and the spring. The rodent control in autumn is focused on the prevention of rodent, winter, and rodent control. The second is the battle against major pests and diseases in early rice. The main target of rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and rice blast is to treat other diseases and insects. The agricultural plant protection departments at all levels in the district have earnestly carried out prevention and development organization, propaganda training, experimental demonstration and technical supporting services. The early rice pest control in the whole district is about 45 million mu, and the loss is about 900,000 tons. The third is the battle against pests in the middle and late rice. The main target of rice blast, rice stem borer, rice planthopper and rice blast is to treat other pests and diseases. All localities have conscientiously implemented the "Notice on Further Improving the Field Management in the Middle and Late Stages of Early Rice, Preparing for the Preparation of Grain Production in the Second Half of the Year" and the "Working Conference on the Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases in Late Regions". The combination of technology and technology, upper and lower combination, unified division and point-to-face combination organization, the prevention and control of late rice pests and diseases in the whole region is about 38 million mu, and the loss of recovery is about 700,000 tons.
In addition, we will focus on the guests, Beihai City, East Asia, and Longan, Hepu, Quanzhou, Guilin, Diecai, Longan, Rongxian, Yinhai, Suining, Nanning, and other suburbs. Emergency prevention and control, such as bamboo rafts, and effectively grasp the armyworms in the historical areas of the armyworms in Jingxi, Debao, Yizhou, Nandan, Tianzhu, Huanjiang, Xiangzhou, Liujiang, Xingbin, etc., as well as local areas such as Gangnan Emergency prevention and control of minor pests such as winter leaf flax leaf spot and Tiandong late rice mites.
We will do a good job in the management of major pests and diseases, promote the prevention and control of the surface, carry out research on rice pest and disease zoning, implement the combination of comprehensive management and emergency prevention, and the management of major pests and diseases, and focus on the comprehensive management of rice planthoppers in the whole region. Including 16 counties of Guilin, Hezhou and Zhangzhou, the comprehensive management of rice blast and rice blast re-emergence areas, comprehensive control of Sanhuatun re-issuing area in 20 counties of Guizhong, Guidong, and Youjiang, southwest Guangxi, including Yulin in southeastern Guangxi Comprehensive control of the bacterial stripe disease area in 15 counties of Guigang, Qinzhou and Beihai, and the comprehensive management of rice-salted mosquito recurrence areas in about 20 counties in Guizhong and southwest Guangxi, as well as rice in southeastern Guangxi, southeast Guangxi and northwest Guangxi Emergency control of vertical leafhoppers. Promote the prevention and control of the surface through the management of major pests and diseases.
Promote key supporting technologies and ancillary services, implement full-scale technical control of pests and diseases in large areas, follow the "Guangxi Rice Integrated Pests and Diseases Comprehensive Prevention and Control Regulations", and proceed from the rice field ecology to promote "agricultural prevention and control pressure base, scientific use of drug control "Protection of natural enemies to promote balance" prevention and control technology model, highlighting accurate reporting, compliance with standards, fitness training, protection of natural enemies and scientific and safe drugs, vigorously promote rice comprehensive control norms and techniques, and implement full-scale technical control.
In the prevention and control of major pests and diseases, in view of the characteristics and laws of the occurrence of damage to the stem borer, it is generally adopted to "grab the field, protect the field", "grab the 1st, 3rd generation, control 2, 4 generations", "anti-smashing the field, control the Honda" Baisui's governance strategies and measures coordinate the application of agricultural, artificial and chemical emergency control measures. The prevention and control strategies, measures and implementation modes of “double-weight, two-gate, three-selection, four-primary and five-integration” are implemented in the prevention and control of rice blast, so that the control of Putian Honda is equally important, and the two seedlings and the seedlings are divided into two. The road is dangerously affected, cultivates insect-free and strong cockroaches, and effectively divides into stalks, selects high-efficiency counterpart pesticides, prevention timing and field plots, and mainly uses pesticides for pesticide control, mainly based on rice, and mainly granules. Mainly poisonous soil. The implementation of rice blast prevention is based on planting resistant varieties, based on the cultivation of high-yield fitness control cultivation, and the “three ones” governance strategy guaranteed by scientific drug emergency prevention and control, and the disease center of Miaoye 瘟In the epidemic area of the neck, grasp the supporting technology of the drug application during the dangerous period of the big tire.
In the emergency prevention and treatment of drugs, vigorously promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, counter-control drugs: rice blast: Fengdeng, tricyclazole, spring threon, etc.; sheath blight: Jinggang enzymes, net dry net, etc.;虱: imidacloprid, buprofezin, etc.; stem borer, stem borer, rice leaf roller: insect-resistant, insecticidal double, insecticidal, fipronil; rice blast: chlorpyrifos, fipronil, c Line phosphorus, etc.; rice bacterial stripe disease: carbendazim, fungic acid, trichloroisocyanuric acid and so on.
In the technical supporting services, the plant protection system of the whole district continues to give full play to its own technology and network advantages, consolidating and developing the prevention and control technology promotion network and experimental demonstration base in more than 50 counties in 14 cities across the region. In the whole region, we will focus on promoting the use of major pests and diseases in rice, the new varieties of pesticides and their corresponding supporting technologies, and do a good job in experiment and demonstration, increase the capacity of prevention and control technology storage and enhance service capabilities, and realize the control and benefit through the combination of technology and services. Unite.
We will build a comprehensive demonstration network system for major pests and diseases of rice, and promote prevention and control work on the surface. According to the “Model for Integrated Prevention and Control of Major Pests and Diseases of Rice Aphids in the Region”, 14 cities in the region are divided into Northeast Guangxi, Southeast Guangxi, Guizhong and Guangxi. The seven regions of South, Guibei and Guangxi are in Yongfu and Lingui in northern Guangxi, Zhongshan in the northeast of Guangxi, eight steps, Beiliu, Rongxian, Bobai, Hepu, Fangcheng in southeast Guangxi, and Liujiang in Guizhong. Xiangzhou, Guining's Suining, Lingshan, Guixi's Yizhou and other major grain producing counties built 14 autonomous regions and municipal-level rice major pest control demonstration zones, and 52 counties also built corresponding county-level demonstration zones. The demonstration area shall be unified with three treatments: comprehensive prevention, conventional control, and no application of pesticides, and establish demonstration cards, publicize demonstration contents and technical measures, issue technical materials, conduct publicity training, and organize on-site training for key prevention and control periods. Distribute drugs for prevention and treatment, carry out unified prevention and control actions, and conduct live propaganda and reporting through the mass media, promptly guide and promote the prevention and control of large-scale pests and diseases on the surface. The demonstration area of the whole area is about 820,000 mu, and the radiation area is more than 4 million mu. The total loss rate of pests and diseases in the demonstration area is controlled within 5%, the damage loss rate is controlled below 1%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by 20%. Highly toxic, high-residue pesticides, rice basically meet the pollution-free quality standards. At the same time, the rice aphid disaster investigation and the screening test for the ban on high-toxic pesticide substitutes have achieved certain results.
Discussion on the technical strategy for the prevention and control of high-toxic pesticide crop pests and diseases prevention and control. The Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on Prohibiting the Use and Sale of Highly Toxic and High-Residue Pesticides Such as Methamidophos and Requirement Since June 1, 2005, the whole district The scope prohibits the sale of any unit and individual and the use of five kinds of highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides such as methamidophos and their mixed preparations on various crops. The agricultural plant protection system of the whole district timely researches and adjusts the technical strategies for crop pest control, focusing on “ "Prohibition of high" has done a series of useful exploration and practice. In March and June, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station organized a seminar on “Highly Poisonous Pesticide Substitutes and Prevention Countermeasures” and “Expert Seminar on Prohibiting High-toxic Pesticide Crop Diseases and Pest Control Measures in the Region”. Relevant experts in teaching, management, promotion and pesticide production and sales, and the heads of the city and county plant protection stations of the whole district attended the meeting. The deputy director of the Agriculture Department of the autonomous region and the leaders of the relevant departments also attended the meeting. These two seminars discussed the status quo of high-toxic pesticides in our district, alternative varieties, crop pest control objects and prevention techniques, emergency control measures against pests and diseases, and medium- and long-term treatment strategies. A series of countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of pests and diseases after the ban on high-level pesticides and other high-toxic pesticides have been adopted. In September, the heads of the city and county plant protection stations of the whole district were again organized to hold the “Technical Exchange Conference on the Prohibition of High-toxic Pesticide Crop Pest Control in the Whole Region”, summarizing the phased results and deploying the next step. Nanning, Guilin, Liuzhou, Yulin, Hezhou, Chongzuo and Liujiang, Lingchuan, Guanyang, Quanzhou and other cities and counties have achieved good practical results.
Innovate work methods and methods, and do a good job in farmers' training and technology popularization. The large-scale TV program of Guangxi “Plant Protection into the Farmers” was successfully registered in 2004 as a popular science brand for the propaganda training and technology promotion of the plant protection system in Guangxi. Driven by the popular science brand of “Plant Protection into the Farmers”, in 2005, the plant protection system of the whole district carried out large-scale publicity training and technology promotion services around the theme of “Prohibition of High”. The total number of farmers trained was 108,000, and the information on pests and diseases was passed. Posted to the village, the implementation of zero-distance guidance and prevention, so that the "ban high" policy and regulations, harmless governance technology and scientific and safe drug use awareness into thousands of households. In June, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station and Guangxi TV Station successfully held the 6th Guangxi “Plant Protection into the Farmers” large-scale TV science activity in Hepu County with the theme of “Eco-agricultural pest control and harmless treatment”. Hepu County's comprehensive demonstration model for major pests and diseases of rice is used as a platform to publicize the technical measures for the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases in Guangxi, the high-toxic pesticide substitute varieties and the “prohibition of high” laws and regulations. The whole event was produced into a TV feature film broadcast continuously on Guangxi TV Station, and the TV feature film was burned into a CD-ROM as a publicity training material to issue the whole plant protection system.
The second is to promote the visualization and networking of prevention and control guidance. In April, the Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station held a training course on the production of crop diseases and insects TV forecasting and prevention and guidance programs in the whole district. More than 50 counties in the district carried out irregular TV forecasting and prevention and control work, and Yulin City insisted on regular broadcast every Monday to Saturday. The Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station produced and broadcasted the "Pest and Disease Prediction and Prevention" program in the section of "Into the Farm" in Guangxi Satellite TV, and broadcasted 32 issues in the "Golden Land" program section of Guangxi Satellite Broadcasting; in Guangxi Daily, About 30 articles on prevention and control technology were published in newspapers and magazines such as Southern Science and Technology News. At the same time, the “Guangxi Plant Protection Information Network” plant protection information exchange field and propaganda window will be used. More than 50 counties in the district have networked with the autonomous region's terminus, and the market share of Chongzuo and Beihai has reached 100%. Guangxi has adopted TV, Internet-centered TV, Internet, newspapers, magazines, radio and technical materials, slogans and other traditional methods to integrate the pest information release and prevention and guidance system.
The third is mass publicity training in the form of the scene. In accordance with the requirements of regional governance, in key areas and critical periods of major pest control, the plant protection departments at all levels timely organized the people to carry out on-site mobilization training, and produced TV programs to broadcast and guide the prevention and control of large areas. The autonomous region organized 16 large-scale prevention and mobilization training sites, and conducted on-site training and mobilization in the key periods of prevention and control of rice aphids, rice blast, rice planthoppers and rice leaf roller, in Hepu, Lingui, Suining, Liujiang and Yulin. Group anti-group treatment, shooting emergency control TV guidance program play, played an important role in the timely and effective control of disasters.
Third, the rice major pest control technology measures and their benefits in the spring and autumn rice fields unified rodent control. Promote the technical strategy of “spring farmland-based, unified bait trapping; farmland farmhouses in autumn, and sub-classification control”. In the spring, the implementation of poison bait trapping "unified actions, comprehensive coffers; selection of pharmacy, correct bait; local conditions, effective coverage; saturated poisoning, drug bait in place; check the residual leaks, sweep the residual mouse; perennial monitoring, consolidate the effect" A complete set of rodent control technology, vigorously promote the application of anticoagulant rodenticide sodium salt, coumatetral and drug control station control mouse technology. In 2005, the region's spring and autumn rice fields unified 17.5 million mutanes, with a net benefit of 315 million yuan.
Agricultural control base
1. Decrease the base of pests and reduce the source of infection. Timely ploughing and ploughing, ploughing the field, lowering the base of wintering locusts; salvaging the slag, burning or deep burying, eliminating the sclerotia of the sheath blight; after harvesting, destroying the diseased straw in time, or stacking it away from the straw, or Tanning fully decomposed compost; do a good job in seed disinfection, and use 100 grams of disinfection to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as rice blast and rice bacterial leaf streak. The whole district implemented about 410 mu of seed disinfection throughout the year, with a net benefit of 65 million yuan.
2. Do a good job in fitness control. 1 cultivate no disease and insects. Advocate new cultivation techniques such as dry nursery, throwing or live broadcasting. 2 Reasonably adjust the farming system and the layout of rice varieties, try to avoid mixed planting of early, middle and late rice, and reduce the “bridge field” so that the dangerous period of rice damage avoids the occurrence period of aphids. 3 Rational fertilization, pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, apply more organic fertilizer, avoid partial application, and delay application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to prevent the seedlings from being too greedy, which is beneficial to pests and diseases. 4 scientific water use. Shallow water transplanting, water back to green, sputum moisture, enough seedlings to dry the field, heading Yanghua back to shallow water irrigation, dry dry wet and wet management. The implementation of paddy field agricultural control technology is about 14 million mu, with a net benefit of 224 million yuan;
Scientific drug control is harmful. Adhere to the standard of prevention and control. Rational use of pesticide varieties, use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue, counter-pesticide, promote the application of biological pesticides. Use control strategies. Adopting the method of "concurrent treatment" and "pick and cure" to minimize the area of medication and the number of medications; use "to control small fields, protect large fields", and do a good job in the prevention and control of rice blast, rice blast, and mites in Putian, and alleviate the field It is harmful; it is harmful to control the next generation by “pressing the previous generation and controlling the future generations” to lower the number of the previous generation. Implementing a comprehensive prevention and control technology for early rice major pests and diseases with rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller, rice stem borer, rice blast, and rice blast, about 40 million mu, with a net benefit of 80 million yuan; The comprehensive control technology for the major pests and diseases of late rice, including rice stem borer, rice gall midge, rice planthopper and bacterial leaf streak, is about 36 million mu, with a net benefit of 720 million yuan; the implementation of chemical weeding technology in rice fields 19 million mu times, with a net benefit of 307 million yuan. In addition, during the prosperous period of locusts, the use of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and black light lamps to trap and kill moth-like adults has been promoted, and the number of occurrences has been reduced. The annual promotion area is about 80,000 mu, and the new net benefit is 1.6 million yuan.
Fourth, the use of rice pest control grants
In 2005, the central government supported the subsidy for major pests and diseases such as rice aphids in Guangxi, which was 4.5 million yuan. According to the requirements of the use of funds, combined with the actual characteristics of Guangxi and the regional characteristics of pests and diseases, the autonomous region used 1.8 million yuan at the same level, and the relevant cities and counties used 2.7 million yuan. The funds are mainly used for the implementation of major pest control organizations, monitoring and early warning, disaster investigation, disaster prevention mechanism and continuous pest control technology research, technical propaganda and farmer training, demonstration area construction, emergency control drug distribution and emergency mechanism construction.
V. Problems exist and problems exist in the countermeasures
1. With the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, the area of high-quality grain planting continues to expand, the proportion of hybrid rice planting is steadily increasing, but lack of resistance considerations; the reform of breeding methods, “dry cultivation and thin planting”, “no-tillage throwing”, “tossing” The promotion of cultivation techniques such as 秧" makes the rice planting period not uniform, the field seedlings are complex; the benefit agriculture develops rapidly, and the cultivation methods are diversified; plus climate variability, such as the persistent drought and rainy weather since last autumn and winter, and many other factors The impact of crop pests on the structure of the crops is also constantly changing, the region's migratory and drill-bit pests are serious, the local epidemic is still early, the damage is serious, some minor pests and diseases are rising, the risk of pests and diseases is increasing Large, but the corresponding measurement and prevention technology can not keep up, the efficient operation, rapid response, diversified investment, extensive participation in pest control mechanisms have not yet formed, and emergency prevention and control work is particularly passive.
2. The concept of pest control for people's application of pesticides is deeply rooted and has a large negative impact on the application of integrated control technologies, especially the prevention and control of high-toxic pesticide crops.
3. The finances at all levels in the district are generally difficult, and the business funds are seriously insufficient. Some county and city work are difficult to guarantee, the prevention and control measures are old and backward, the new technology is difficult to promote, and the work is unbalanced.
4. The pesticide market is chaotic, local management policies are different, pesticide supervision and management is lacking, and counterfeit or obsolete pesticides are flooding the market. The phenomenon of pit farmer pests has occurred from time to time, affecting the effectiveness of prevention and control and the promotion of new pesticides and new technologies. .
Countermeasures for continuous treatment of major pests and diseases of rice are recommended to adhere to the “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention” plant protection policy, strengthen the construction of pest control infrastructure, improve prevention and control measures, enhance technological innovation and reserve potential, and innovate prevention and control technology models and work for the people. The idea is to gradually build a long-term implementation mechanism of government-led, diversified investment, policy assurance, efficient operation, rapid response, and extensive participation of farmers, so that the comprehensive management of rice pests will gradually enter a new stage of sustainable control.
1. Strengthen the construction of major pest and disease monitoring infrastructure and systems, and improve disaster control capabilities. On the whole, the monitoring, early warning and prevention technologies for major rice pests and diseases in Guangxi have been relatively mature and standardized, but the monitoring infrastructure and system have yet to be further improved. In particular, the emergency prevention systems and methods need to be improved. Based on the requirements of the food security strategy, we will promote the construction of a comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation system that integrates major pest monitoring, early warning, emergency prevention, pesticide testing and safe use, and lays the foundation for the sustainable control of major pests and diseases of rice.
2. Increase investment in disaster relief and disaster reduction, and innovate the implementation mechanism for major pest control. The major pests and diseases of rice endanger the overall situation of social public security and stability, and are natural disasters that the state and the government must pay attention to and control. Therefore, based on their own duties, the formation of a major pest control plan system, special fund mechanism and additional funds system, strive for financial support at all levels, increase investment in disaster reduction and relief, and strive to form a government-led, diversified investment, policy assurance, efficient operation, The rapid response and long-term implementation mechanism involving farmers are the key to achieving sustainable control of major pests and diseases in rice.
3. Strengthen technical cooperation and research to improve the management level of major pests and diseases in rice. Carry out international and inter-provincial technical cooperation and research, in-depth study of the major pests and diseases of rice in the new situation and its physiological and ecological mechanisms, carry out pest and disease resistance monitoring and crop variety resistance monitoring, and focus on the development of biological The key control technologies centered on ecological regulation, make full use of high technology and combine with traditional means to continuously improve the level of major pests and diseases in rice. And advance with the times to promote the standardization and standardization process of measurement and control technology, and strive to harmonize the accuracy and accuracy of pest control technology, and the prevention and control technology model is more in line with the requirements of ecological agriculture development.
4. Effectively do a good job in farmers' participatory technical training and extension services. The main body of prevention and control work is the majority of farmers. Based on the IPM theory and participatory development ideas, the implementation of farmer technical training and extension services in the form of on-site methods such as field schools is the premise and basis for promoting the sustainable control of major pests and diseases of rice. It is also the only way to break through the comprehensive prevention technology and all advanced agricultural technology to promote the use of neck bottles. First, continue to promote and implement the relevant projects of rice IPM; secondly, form a pilot demonstration system for major pest control technologies for rice, and do a good job of demonstration model construction; third, launch the implementation of farmers' training and prevention campaigns on the technical scene. Highlight the demonstration and publicity training of key prevention technologies and safety science medication technologies; Fourth, under the information agriculture framework, make full use of information technology and mass media resources to promote the prevention, guidance, visualization and consultation of intelligentization process; It is to vigorously cultivate and develop the participation of farmers' organizations in prevention and control, effectively coordinate and resolve the contradiction between unified prevention and control of pests and diseases and decentralized management of farmers, and ensure the effectiveness of prevention and control work.
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