The title, table of contents and content summary of the paper

First, the title

The title is the eye of the article. The titles and styles of various articles are numerous, but in any form, the author's writing intentions and the main purpose of the article must always be reflected in all or different aspects. The titles of graduation thesis are generally divided into general title, subtitle, and subtitle.

Total title

The overall title is the embodiment of the overall content of the article. Common ways to write are:

1 reveal the essence of the subject. The title of this form, which is a high-level summary of the full text, is often the central point of the article. It is highly specific and easy for readers to grasp the core of the full-text content. There are many titles like this, and they are also very common. Such as "On the model of the economic system", "the economic center theory", "I see the reform of the county-level administrative institutions" and so on.

2 questioning style. Such headings use the way of questioning to hide the content to be answered. In fact, the author's point of view is very clear, but the semantics are lingering and the reader needs to think about it. This form of headline is implicit in its views and tends to arouse the reader's attention. For example, "Does the household contract system be a single one?", "Is the commodity economy equal to the capitalist economy?"

2 to explain the scope of content. The title of this form, from its own point of view, does not see the point of view of the author, but only limits the scope of the content of the article. To formulate such a title, on the one hand, the main arguments of the article are difficult to summarize in a short sentence; on the other hand, the scope of the content of the article can be brought to the attention of the readers in order to resonate. Titles of this form are also more common. Such as "On the two-tier management system in rural China", "correctly handle the relationship between the central and local, the article and the block", "analysis of the post-war Western trade liberalization" and so on.

4 use the judgment sentence. This form of title gives the definition of the full-text content, which can be stretched and contracted, and has great flexibility. The research object of the article is specific and the face is small, but the extended thought must be highly generalized and wide. This kind of heading from a small point and a big head is conducive to the expansion of scientific thinking and scientific research. For example, "Looking at the Light of Hope in China's Rural Areas from the Rise of Township Enterprises", "Science and Technology Progress and Agricultural Economy", "Viewing the Essence of Beauty from "Work Creates Beauty", etc."

5 use visual statements. Such as "incentive management system", "the dawn of science and technology", "the theory of the light of the light" and so on.

There are many different styles of titles, and authors can boldly innovate in practice.

Subtitle and subtitle

In order to point out the research object, research content, and research purpose of the paper, the general title is supplemented and explained, and some papers can also be subtitled. In particular, some commercial papers generally have a subtitle. For example, under the heading, add a subtitle such as “××商榷”.

In addition, in order to emphasize a certain side of the paper, the subtitle can also be added. For example, "How to treat the difference in labor compensation at the present stage - also talk about the bourgeois rights in the distribution according to work", "developing protein resources, improving the efficiency of protein utilization - exploring a development strategy to solve the problem of eating".

The main purpose of setting subtitles is to clearly show the level of the article. Some use words, generally the central content of this level is obvious; some use digital, only the order of "one, two, three", etc., to play the role of the link. It should be noted that no matter which form is adopted, it is necessary to closely follow the content of the level and the close relationship with the above.

For the requirements of the title, there are three points in summary: one must be clear. To be able to reveal the scope or argument of the topic, let people read the title to know the general outline of the article, the main content of the article and the author's writing intention, but not plausible, hide and show, and hide and seek with the reader. The second is to be simple. . The title of the paper should not be too long. If it is too long, it will easily lead to cumbersome and cumbersome feelings, and it will not be able to make a clear impression, thus affecting the overall evaluation of the article. The title should not be too abstract and empty. The title should not be used in a very useful or raw vocabulary, so as to prevent the reader from seeing the title as if it were a smoky sea, and it would be puzzling to understand the title. meaning. Three must be novel. The title and the content of the article, the form should have its own uniqueness. It is not unconventional and unconventional, making it fascinating and pleasing to the eye, thus arousing readers' interest in reading.

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Second, the catalog

Generally speaking, graduation papers with a long length are not subtitled. The papers that set the subtitles have a large number of levels of content, and the whole theoretical system is large and complex, so it is usually set up.

The purpose of setting up the directory is mainly:

1. The reader can have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading the paper, so that the reader can decide whether to read or not, whether it is intensive reading or skimming.

2. It is convenient for readers to select a sub-paragraph in the paper. Long papers, in addition to the central argument, there are many points of argument. When readers need to know more about a sub-discipline, they can rely on the catalog to save time.

The catalogue is usually placed in front of the main body of the paper and is therefore a guide to the paper. To make the directory really work as a guide, you must pay attention to:

1. accurate. The catalog must be consistent with the full text. In other words, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the title, subtitle and directory of this article.

2. Clear and unmistakable. The directory should mark the page number of the line directory in the body text one by one. The page number must be clear.

3. complete. Since the catalogue is a guide map of the paper, it is inevitably required to have integrity. That is to say, the contents of the article should be reflected in the catalogue and must not be omitted.

There are two basic types of directories:

1. A directory represented by text.

2. A directory represented by a number. This kind of directory is rare. But the long story is easy for readers to read, and it is also used in this way.

Third, the content summary

The executive summary is a microcosm of the full-text content. Here, the author draws the overall face of the full text with a very economical brush and ink; proposes the main arguments, reveals the research results of the thesis, and briefly describes the framework of the full text.

The executive summary is a sub-section of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper.

The purpose of writing an executive summary is to:

1. In order to make the instructor not review the full text of the paper, first understand the main content of the article, know the main results achieved by the research, and the main logical sequence of the research.

2. In order to enable other readers to read the content summary, you can get a general understanding of the problems the author is studying. If there is resonance, read the full text. Here, the content summary becomes an "advertising" that recommends papers to many readers.

Therefore, the content summary should prompt the main points of the paper, so that the reader can understand the main points of the paper content. The abstract of the paper is written in a concise and comprehensive manner. Don't ask for a few points or just a few gluten, and lack material to explain.

The executive summary can be divided into a reportmatic summary and an indicative summary.

The report summary mainly introduces the main methods and results of the research and the analysis of the results, etc., and the hints on the content of the article are more comprehensive.

The indicative summary only briefly describes the research results, and does not involve research methods, methods, and processes. Graduation thesis generally uses an indicative summary. Examples are as follows:

● The government under the conditions of market economy should, of course, be subject to the overall planning and deployment of the superiors, but the main focus should be on the lower responsibility, responsible for the local economic development and the improvement of the local people's living standards. This is the development of the overall economy. The premise, and thus naturally, is fundamentally responsible for the above.

● Changing the department's “collectively co-management” enterprises to serve the enterprise together should be the main focus of the department's work.

The writing requirements of the executive summary can be summarized as “full, refined, simple, real, and live”. Specifically:

1. The executive summary requires completeness. That is, the main content described in the paper cannot be omitted. The summary should be written as a complete essay and can be used independently.

2. The key points should be highlighted. The executive summary must highlight the research results and conclusive meanings of the paper. Other items can be written concisely.

3. The text should be simple. The writing of the executive summary must be written in a succinct, generalized language, and each content should not be discussed.

4. The statement should be objective. The content summary generally only writes the objective situation of the subject research. It is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the work process, working methods and research results, and should not be compared with other people's research. The value of a research result, self-contained, can not be self-proclaimed. Therefore, seeking truth from facts is also the basic principle of writing summary.

5. The language should be vivid. The summary should be written in a concise and concise manner, and be lively and fascinating. In the words retouching, expression methods and constitutional structure, the essay should be embodied as much as possible in order to evoke the reader's desire to read the text.

Fourth, the text

The text includes three parts: introduction, theory, and conclusion. This is the most important part of the thesis, and other chapters are discussed in detail and will not be repeated here.

V. References

References, also known as bibliographies, refer to books and newspapers and magazines that the author has consulted during the course of writing a thesis, which should be listed at the end of the thesis. There are three advantages to listing references: First, when the author himself finds that the citation is in error, it is easy to find the correction. Second, the teachers of the Graduation Thesis Defence Committee can understand the breadth of the students' reading materials as a reference for reviewing the thesis. The third is to facilitate the readers of similar problems to consult relevant ideas and materials.

Of course, the references listed in the paper must be the main ones, closely related to this paper.

Guan, a monograph, paper and other materials that have played an important reference role in writing a thesis. Don't be too light or too much.

The listed references are generally written with the title or title, author, publisher, and publication year. Such as:

references

1. "Marx's Art on Art", China Social Sciences Press, 1983.

2. Marx: "Critique of Political Economy · Preface".

3. Volumes 1-3 of Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping.

4. Qiu Qihua: How to Understand Contemporary Capitalism, People's Daily, August 27, 1990.

5. Mao Zedong; "Contradictory Theory" and "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" four volumes.