Structure of the thesis

First, the basic type of graduation thesis structure

In the long-term practice of writing, people have gradually formed some specific norms for the writing of certain stylistic articles—the basic type of structure. This kind of "type" begins with the creation of a person, but because it conforms to the rules of thinking of people, it has been used along, used, and gradually perfected and finalized in people's repeated use. Therefore, the emergence of this "type" is not accidental, it is formed on the basis of people's common thinking. We use these "types" to write, not only can be more labor-saving, it is easy to organize materials to express opinions, and this "type" is in line with people's thinking laws and is easy for people to read. This is a way of doing more with less. Of course, the "type" is not a rigid set, regardless of the content, it is not acceptable to cut the foot into the ground. To use "type" writing, one must pay attention to change and use it flexibly; second, pay attention to the fact that when the ready-made "type" is detrimental to the expression of content, it must be resolutely thrown away.

The structure of the thesis is varied. However, it also has its basic form, namely the three-stage form of preface, theory, and conclusion:

Preface

The preface of the graduation thesis should include the following in writing:

Explain the reasons and significance of studying this topic. This part should be written concisely. Be sure to avoid writing your own feelings and feelings for a long time like writing, and take the trouble to talk about the process of thinking about this topic.

submit questions. This is the core part of the preface. The question should be made clear and specific. Sometimes, I want to write a historical review. Who has done research on this topic, and what supplements, corrections, or developments the author himself will have.

Explain the author's method of demonstrating the problem to be used.

If it is a long paper, it is necessary to briefly introduce the part of the theory in the preface, or to present the conclusions of the problem. This is convenient for the reader to read and understand the theory.

The preface can only briefly explain the above contents, although the preface can be long or short, depending on the title, but the proportion of the length of the paper in the whole paper is small, you can use a few hundred words. As for the common writing of the preface, because there are special chapters in the following, it will not be expanded here.

This theory

This is the topic that begins the topic and expresses the author's personal research results. It is the main part of the graduation thesis, and we must work hard to write it adequately and write it well.

Some graduation thesis, the questions raised in the preface part are very novel and insightful, but the part of the thesis is written very thin, the argument is not sufficient, and the conclusions that are barely drawn are difficult to stand. Such graduation thesis is lack of scientific value, so we must do our best to write this part of the theory.

The general arrangement of the general dissertation has so-called linear inference, also known as progressive structure and juxtaposition, also known as side-by-side structure. The combination of the two is called hybrid.

Because graduation thesis deals with more complicated theoretical problems and generally has a longer length, it is often used in combination with linear inference and parallel disaggregation. Moreover, there is often a parallel inference in the linear inference, and a linear inference under the parallel disjunction. Sometimes there are more subordinate parallel theories below. The linear inference and the juxtaposition of the dissertation are multiple combinations. Other papers with longer lengths and more complicated problems are also used in this way. For example, the analysis of the various classes of Chinese society raises questions at the beginning, and then The classes analyze and then combine to draw conclusions. The article is step by step, layer by layer, using linear inference. However, in the level of analysis of the various classes, the landlord’s comprador class, the middle class, the petty bourgeoisie, the semi-proletariat and the proletariat are analyzed one by one, using a juxtaposition. As far as the whole article is concerned, it is called parallel juxtaposition. Comrade Mao Zedong used this combination to express the content of the article and received a good expression. As for the specific writing of this part of the theory, it will be discussed in the following chapters and will not be repeated here.

in conclusion

The conclusion is the concluding part of the paper. The conclusion of the thesis should include the following:

Write the results of the argument. This part should comprehensively summarize the problems of analysis and argumentation of this theory, and lead to the basic arguments. This is the answer to the problem. This part should be written in a specific and concise manner so that the reader can clearly understand where the author's unique insights are.

Most notably, the conclusion must be the result of the naturalization of the arguments put forward in the preface. Graduation thesis is not sufficient to argue, but to conclude. To be one-to-one, to become a rigorous, perfect logic.

Prospects for research on topics. Personal energy is limited, especially as a student's research on a subject can only achieve a certain degree, and may not be the culmination. Therefore, in the conclusion, it is better to raise the remaining problems in the research work of this subject, or the problems that need to be further explored, and the possible solutions.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to the comrades who have helped themselves throughout the research process. The above is the basic type of the thesis structure. This basic type is commonly used, but it is not a rigid formula, and the author can flexibly adapt it according to the research content of the expression.

Second, several structural forms commonly used in graduation thesis

The preface, the theory, and the conclusion mentioned above are the basic types of the thesis structure. The specific structure of the full text of the graduation thesis is as follows:

Total mention

The so-called total mention of f is to first propose the central argument, and then from several aspects to demonstrate and clarify the central argument. This form is also called "the first bracket";

First level {second level third level fourth level

For example, Mao Zedong: "Learning the Position of the Communist Party of China in the National War":

All Communist Party members with considerable research ability must study the theories of Marx, Siggs, Lenin, and Stalin, study the history of our nation, study the current situation and trends of the movement, and educate those cultural levels through them. Low Party Members {First, we must study Marxism-Leninism theory second, we must study our historical heritage third, we must study the current situation and trends of the movement.

General discussion

First, after the general theory, it is a comparative analysis from several aspects, and then summed up to draw conclusions. This structural form is also oq "tailed";

The first level, the second level, the third level, the fourth level

For example, Mao Zedong: "The Culture of the Masses of the Nationality of the Nation" in the "New Democracy" section:

1. This new democratic culture is a national 2. This new democratic culture is scientific. This new-democratic culture is the culture of the masses' national science, the culture of the people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudalism, the culture of new democracy, and the new culture of the Chinese nation.

General mention, summary, general

The total mention, the sub-report, and the general theory are both, and are also called "double brackets":

First level {second level third level fourth level}

Fifth level

For example, Mao Zedong: "Renovating Our Learning"

Propose the idea of ​​transforming our study {1. Why should we transform our study? What to transform? The essence of the problem of reform

Push type

The propulsion type is a step-by-step in-depth, and it is a method of argumentation from shallow to deep, also called regressive:

The first level... ask questions ↓

The second level... narrative phenomenon↓

The third level... Analysis of the reason ↓ The fourth level... Find out the crux of the fifth level... Solve the problem

For example, "The Sublime Ideal":

People of different ages have their own ideals -> ideals have sociality, class nature -> ideals are essentially a person's worldview problem -> establish a high communist ideal, this ideal will be realized -> communist ideal is history The most outstanding ideal ever since

Integrated

By combining the above several ways to arrange the hierarchy, a comprehensive structure can be formed. A paper often involves many things and involves many aspects. And each event is complicated and has many aspects. Therefore, it is often difficult to use a single structure to illustrate the problem. This necessitates a comprehensive structure:

{

}

First level {third level second level fourth level fifth level↓

Sixth level} twelfth level seventh level ninth level eighth level↓

Tenth level eleventh level

Scattered

The narration is the conclusion of the analysis. There is no summary or summary. It is a loose narrative. This structure is rarely used in graduation thesis. It is generally used in some essays:

First level... second level... third level... fourth level

Such as Shi Dalin: "Zhang Lenin" article

Discuss the party...

Discuss the dictatorship of the proletariat and its three cornerstones...

Consolidate and expand the world's labor union

Third, the construction of the graduation thesis

Arrange the hierarchical structure of the graduation thesis, and pay attention to the construction. The graduation thesis has its special requirements in the construction. It requires a uniform and complete specification section; make full use of the main clauses in the paragraph; appropriate capacity.

Unified, complete specification section

Segments, there are standard sections and non-standard sections. The specification section refers to a unified and complete single meaning section. . The so-called unity is a concentrated expression of a meaning. The so-called integrity is the meaning of a paragraph to be complete. Such a single meaning segment is called a specification segment. Non-standard paragraphs refer to both ambiguous and incomplete paragraphs. The so-called ambiguous section is a section that expresses two or more meanings. The so-called incomplete segment is a segment that does not express a meaning completely, but in actual expression it should not be segmented and concentrated in one segment.

In the general article, the specification section and the non-standard section can be used simultaneously. Especially in the writing of literature and art, with the development of events, the description of characters and scenes, the performance of character dialogues, the sections are relatively free and flexible, and the use of irregular sections is a large number.

The structure of the graduation thesis requires a unified; complete specification section. This is because graduation thesis is a logical component. From the whole article, the graduation thesis consists of a basic argument and several arguments and arguments. From a small part of the article, it is also composed of an argument, several arguments and the author's argument. In this way, a small segment of a graduation thesis, in addition to a few single arguments and arguments, the general paragraph should be a paragraph with arguments, arguments, arguments. In other words, it should be a unified and complete whole. Even a single argument segment and argument segment is an inseparable unity and complete independent unit. Therefore, due to the requirements of this logical composition, the construction of the thesis should maintain its inherent logical integrity, organize the arguments, arguments and arguments expressing a meaning to form a unified and complete normative segment. .

The advantage of such a construction is that for the author, a meaning is written in a paragraph, which requires him to think clearly about the meaning of the expression before the pen, not to be vague, not ambiguous, which is helpful to clear the point of view. At the same time, since a paragraph is a complete logical structure, it is bound to require him to carefully consider the integrity of the organization of each paragraph. For the reader, a section of the specification that expresses a complete meaning is easy to read and understand. Everyone has had this kind of experience. There is no clear center for reading. It is said that the East and the West are the most painful.

Many graduation thesis is written in the specification section. Even some academic papers add a sequence code before the strict specification section to indicate the logical connection between their segments. This rigorous academic attitude and scientific writing method are worth learning in the graduation thesis writing.

Make full use of the main sentence in the paragraph to show the purpose of the paragraph

The central meaning of the paragraph is the purpose of the paragraph, also called the subject of the paragraph, the argument of the paragraph. The whole paragraph is carried out around this paragraph, and it is to explain the purpose of this paragraph. This paragraph is intended to be summarized in one sentence. Call the main sentence in the paragraph, or the topic sentence in the paragraph.

The paragraphs in the graduation thesis are logically composed, and are most suitable for displaying the paragraphs in the main clause of the paragraph. This is good for the reader, for the reader.

The role of the main clause in the paragraph for the author. The author first sets the main sentence of a paragraph, which is the theme and center of a paragraph. The author grasps it, spreads it out and expands it, and does not say anything else. The main clause in the paragraph can play the role of leading the whole paragraph. With the main clause in the paragraph, you can avoid the inconsistency of the paragraph and the change of viewpoints in the paragraph.

The role of the main clause in the paragraph for the reader. It can tell the reader clearly, what is written in the center of this paragraph, it can make readers not misunderstand the author's intention, so those who are good at reading articles will find the main sentence in the paragraph and grasp a point.
The position of the main clause in the paragraph in the paragraph:

1. Usually at the beginning of the paragraph

It is the first sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. The beginning of the paragraph is the location of the topic, which is particularly appealing to the reader.

Pay attention to the main sentence of the paragraph at the beginning of the paragraph, to appear in the position of the sentence, lead the following, which not only for the author, defines the purpose of the paragraph, easy to spread around the center to expand the following; at the same time, it is also convenient for readers At the beginning of a paragraph, you can understand the center of the whole paragraph, and it is easier to understand the contents of the whole paragraph.

2. Sometimes at the end of the paragraph

It is the last sentence of the paragraph. At the end of the paragraph, although not as prominent as the first paragraph, it is also a relatively important position in the whole section, and it is also a place that attracts people's attention. In particular, first enumerate some materials, then generalize, summarize or lead the conclusions, and arrange the main clauses in the paragraph at the end of a paragraph is a logical way of writing.

3. Also sometimes in the paragraph

The main sentence in the paragraph appears in the middle of the paragraph with a waist sentence, which is not very easy to see at a glance. But sometimes it is necessary. When the main clause in the paragraph is both the conclusion of the first half and the premise of the second half, it is placed in the middle of the paragraph. It is relatively rare to put the main sentence in the middle of the paragraph in the middle of the paragraph. It is always necessary because of the necessity of narration, and it is arranged here when it is necessary.

4. Set at the beginning of the paragraph

In the long paragraph, in order to make the reader's impression of the main sentence in the paragraph, it is often placed at the beginning of the paragraph, and at the end of the paragraph, the sentence appears again. In this way, we will repeat the application of the paragraph to deepen the reader's impression.

The main clause of the paragraph is written in a general way. It is necessary to reveal the purpose of the paragraph very clearly in a short sentence. Then, how can a sentence be difficult to summarize? You can also summarize the main points of the whole paragraph in one sentence, and then write a supplementary sentence to complete the meaning of the whole paragraph.

Proper capacity

This is the length of the paragraph. Paragraph, how long it should be, there is no fixed standard. One is because the length of the paragraph cannot be specified formally, but should be determined by what is expressed in each paragraph. The content is long and the content is short. Because the segmentation of the segment is flexible, it can be long or short. Because the concentration of one part of the whole is relative. There are big concentration and small concentration, which will vary from author to author. Some people put together a few small paragraphs that can be separated and wrote a large paragraph; someone wrote a large paragraph that can be closed and wrote it into several small paragraphs. This is normal.

However, the segmentation of the thesis should generally be longer. This is determined by the fullness of its content. In a short paragraph, it is difficult to elaborate a detailed discussion of an argument. If a few paragraphs are used to discuss a point of view, sometimes arguments, arguments, and rigorous logical reasoning are separated, and such expressions are not good. Therefore, it is better to write them together in a larger section.

Some graduation thesis is too fragmentary in writing, which hinders the expression of content. This situation also happens from time to time. Of course, graduation thesis is not always written in the growth section, especially in the long paragraph. It’s not good to be too long and it’s not easy to understand. Therefore, we propose that the capacity of the segment should be appropriate.