Investigation report of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the German community construction training group
Investigation report of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the German community construction training group
According to the arrangement of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, at the invitation of the municipal government of Valdorf, Germany, the head of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Education, Mr. Qi Jie, headed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, some state-level community construction experimental zones and the leaders of Chongqing and Changsha. A group of 17 experts from the German community development training group consisting of experts and scholars conducted a 25-day training study on the development of German communities from September 1 to 25, 2001. The main reports are as follows:
First, the purpose of training and inspection
1. Understand the development of the German community.
2. Observing their results on the spot.
During the training tour in Germany, the delegation visited the Youth Social Welfare Department of the Frankfurt Social Welfare Bureau, the Hessen Social Welfare Association, the Hessian Sports Federation, the Federal Government of Limburg Civil Affairs, the German Civil Assistance Management Association, and the German Federation. The Social Welfare Federation, the Workers' Samaritan Association, the Munich Nature Conservation Association, the Bavarian Labor, Welfare Regulations and the Ministry of Women and Women, the German Federal Family, the Retirees, the Women, the Youth Department and other industry management departments and government agencies have visited New community in Mouffid, Wisbaden City Nursing Home, German Civil Relief Center, Munich Nature Conservation and Environmental Greening Association, Federal Civil Service Bureau and its affiliated community rehabilitation center.
In accordance with our training program, the German side also arranged social welfare policies and regulations, German sports clubs and national fitness, German military service system and social welfare system, civil protection and accident prevention, volunteer and labor protection, Germany. Lectures on family issues and family policies, labor issues, and the role of NGOs at the community level.
During the training and inspection activities, the German side gave us a warm and thoughtful arrangement, which enabled the training and inspection to proceed smoothly and achieved a successful success and achieved the goal of enhancing mutual understanding.
Second, German community development briefs and basic experience Although the training time is short, but we are deeply impressed, Germany and our social system are different, cultural background, values and lifestyles are very different, local government The setting and function are also different. However, Germany has begun to open up to the outside world from the Prime Minister of Bismarck, especially the goal of reform and development after World War II. It has indeed greatly promoted the development of national politics and economy. Germany has reformed to build the country into a capitalist country with relatively strong economic strength. There are many reasons for this. However, from the perspective of community development and local government functions and systems, there are also factors that cannot be underestimated. Some practices and experiences of the German government are perfect for China. Government functions, promoting community building, and building a social management system for urban grassroots communities with Chinese characteristics have certain inspiration and mirroring effects.
Clarify management authority at all levels and build local government into a dynamic first-class regime. Germany is a typical federal state. Its government system consists of federal state and local governments. States and municipalities are highly autonomous, and the federal and state governments There is no subordinate relationship, but the state is higher than the state. The state-local relationship is a unitary system with higher local autonomy. The German public understands the government: the official organization that has the right to tax. The introduction of the Bavarian Labour Office is clear: the decentralization system is implemented in the government management license. The constitution enumerates the federal powers. The unlisted states are exercised by the states, and the local governments exercise their powers according to the state council's franchise. The responsibilities between the two are clear. Within the scope of the regulations, the local government has greater autonomy and has a relatively complete legal system to ensure local autonomy. We are investigating economic development and social welfare in places such as Frankfurt, Berlin and Munich. In terms of aspects, they have achieved great results, which are directly related to their government's ability to effectively perform its functions. Despite this, Germany is constantly undergoing reforms. According to the Frank Fu Welfare Association, Frankfurt is the fourth largest city in Germany and the seat of the state government. It is a feature of a diverse community. It is proposed that the government’s work should focus on what the people in the community are most concerned about. ? How to make the government take care of some, and give full play to the role of social groups and the role of the market? After argumentation, it was determined to reduce the tax rate of the market segment, prosper the business, increase services and jobs, and clarify the transformation of the government from a managed government to a service-oriented government. The government purchases services such as Wiesbaden, Hessen. The nursing home, sponsored by the Social Welfare Association of Laborers, established this nursing home, privately invested 90% of the funds, and the government invested 10% of the funds. The investors rented the house and rented it to the nursing home. The government issues old-age pensions to the elderly. The elderly go to such a nursing home to pay for the elderly. The elderly provide pension services to such elderly people. The nursing homes only cost, do not make profits, and the fees are only enough for the nursing homes. The government is responsible for such a society. Welfare business is tax-free. There are more than 500 such welfare homes in Hessen, and the elderly are using the government-issued pensions to support these institutions. This is actually the government's purchase of services.
Constantly explore the grassroots management system that suits its own characteristics. The local government system in Germany starts from reality and varies widely from place to place. The local government is the independent and autonomous structure between the city and the town. The city and the town are the divisions of the state. Although the town is in the area of a certain city, it does not mean that it is administratively subordinate to a certain city. Therefore, there is only a difference in the scope of execution between local governments. In the administrative divisions, there is a big difference between the city and the city, between the town and the town, and between the city and the town. Except for the three municipalities and the state, the organization form of the local government is generally prescribed by the state legislature. However, some specific issues are also decided by local governments through voter voting and based on local conditions.
It is the best government to let the society do the things that the society can do as much as possible. This is the opinion of some German professionals. This view is biased, but his basic spirit is correct. In addition to a small number of administrative departments, German governments at all levels have various categories of non-governmental organizations, community organizations, non-profit organizations, etc. Its functions are relatively simple, mainly to provide life, work, culture and other aspects for the needs of citizens. Services, these organizations play a role in communicating the links between the government and different interest groups of society and the vacancies. At the same time, Germany is still a country with a relatively sound social security service. When governments at all levels come up with funds to develop public welfare undertakings, they must grasp the characteristics of the private economy of capitalist society and adopt various methods to raise large amounts of funds from the private sector. Use the private economy, social groups, non-profit organizations, volunteer services, etc., to form a partnership with the government to jointly run social welfare undertakings. Such as the Munich Nature Conservancy, an institution that allows the government to let them engage in greening and nature conservation, and this institution makes full use of government policies and corporate, social groups, and individual funding. The things that should have been undertaken by the government have been very successful, which has alleviated the pressure on the government, mobilized the enthusiasm of these non-profit organizations, and gradually resolved the contradiction between the government and citizens through such a “buffer zone”.
Increased transparency in democratic decision-making In order to encourage people to participate in social affairs, Germany has adopted some public forms. First, the parliamentary conference is open, the conference venue has a special public space, allowing for audition, and organizing visits to the federal parliament. Second, through television and newspapers. The public government and its officials are open to the public; the third is that the government office is open, and the Internet can be used to inquire about the operation of the government; the fourth is to inform the public in advance of major issues, and hold hearings to let the public express their opinions and respect public opinion. At the same time, through various community organizations, reflect the situation and carry out social work.
The local finance has greater autonomy, the tax system is perfect. The financial expenses of the local government of Germany and the source of funds for public welfare undertakings are guaranteed by taxes. Anyone pays taxes and pays taxes on things. Federal, state, and local governments each have a separate set of tax agencies and separate taxes. This has provided a guarantee for the government to provide sufficient social welfare funds and welfare funds. At the same time, social compulsory insurance has accumulated a strong resource for the society. Everyone has the necessary financial security, and there are more than 2,000 laws to ensure the normal operation of social security funds.
Third, the experience of German community development gives us the enlightenment The experience of German community development provides useful insights for our current community building:
1. The strong organization and promotion of the party and the government play a vital role in community building. We should make full use of this driving force and do a good job in current community building.
2. The cooperation of various units, institutions and groups in the community is conducive to the full development of community resources and to the formation of community cohesion.
3. The unity of internal organization of the community is related to whether the community construction work operates in an orderly manner according to the development direction of the community.
4. The driving force of community residents is related to the success or failure of community construction.
5. The cultivation of residents' community awareness and participation awareness is the key to the initial stage of community construction and a long-term task in the process of community construction.
6. The cultivation of intermediary organizations in the community is an important part of community construction.
7. The cultivation of community work teams, especially the community volunteer team, is the key.
8. The effective development of community activities must rely on the organic coordination of facilities, environment, management and people.
According to the arrangement of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, at the invitation of the municipal government of Valdorf, Germany, the head of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Education, Mr. Qi Jie, headed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, some state-level community construction experimental zones and the leaders of Chongqing and Changsha. A group of 17 experts from the German community development training group consisting of experts and scholars conducted a 25-day training study on the development of German communities from September 1 to 25, 2001. The main reports are as follows:
First, the purpose of training and inspection
1. Understand the development of the German community.
2. Observing their results on the spot.
During the training tour in Germany, the delegation visited the Youth Social Welfare Department of the Frankfurt Social Welfare Bureau, the Hessen Social Welfare Association, the Hessian Sports Federation, the Federal Government of Limburg Civil Affairs, the German Civil Assistance Management Association, and the German Federation. The Social Welfare Federation, the Workers' Samaritan Association, the Munich Nature Conservation Association, the Bavarian Labor, Welfare Regulations and the Ministry of Women and Women, the German Federal Family, the Retirees, the Women, the Youth Department and other industry management departments and government agencies have visited New community in Mouffid, Wisbaden City Nursing Home, German Civil Relief Center, Munich Nature Conservation and Environmental Greening Association, Federal Civil Service Bureau and its affiliated community rehabilitation center.
In accordance with our training program, the German side also arranged social welfare policies and regulations, German sports clubs and national fitness, German military service system and social welfare system, civil protection and accident prevention, volunteer and labor protection, Germany. Lectures on family issues and family policies, labor issues, and the role of NGOs at the community level.
During the training and inspection activities, the German side gave us a warm and thoughtful arrangement, which enabled the training and inspection to proceed smoothly and achieved a successful success and achieved the goal of enhancing mutual understanding.
Second, German community development briefs and basic experience Although the training time is short, but we are deeply impressed, Germany and our social system are different, cultural background, values and lifestyles are very different, local government The setting and function are also different. However, Germany has begun to open up to the outside world from the Prime Minister of Bismarck, especially the goal of reform and development after World War II. It has indeed greatly promoted the development of national politics and economy. Germany has reformed to build the country into a capitalist country with relatively strong economic strength. There are many reasons for this. However, from the perspective of community development and local government functions and systems, there are also factors that cannot be underestimated. Some practices and experiences of the German government are perfect for China. Government functions, promoting community building, and building a social management system for urban grassroots communities with Chinese characteristics have certain inspiration and mirroring effects.
Clarify management authority at all levels and build local government into a dynamic first-class regime. Germany is a typical federal state. Its government system consists of federal state and local governments. States and municipalities are highly autonomous, and the federal and state governments There is no subordinate relationship, but the state is higher than the state. The state-local relationship is a unitary system with higher local autonomy. The German public understands the government: the official organization that has the right to tax. The introduction of the Bavarian Labour Office is clear: the decentralization system is implemented in the government management license. The constitution enumerates the federal powers. The unlisted states are exercised by the states, and the local governments exercise their powers according to the state council's franchise. The responsibilities between the two are clear. Within the scope of the regulations, the local government has greater autonomy and has a relatively complete legal system to ensure local autonomy. We are investigating economic development and social welfare in places such as Frankfurt, Berlin and Munich. In terms of aspects, they have achieved great results, which are directly related to their government's ability to effectively perform its functions. Despite this, Germany is constantly undergoing reforms. According to the Frank Fu Welfare Association, Frankfurt is the fourth largest city in Germany and the seat of the state government. It is a feature of a diverse community. It is proposed that the government’s work should focus on what the people in the community are most concerned about. ? How to make the government take care of some, and give full play to the role of social groups and the role of the market? After argumentation, it was determined to reduce the tax rate of the market segment, prosper the business, increase services and jobs, and clarify the transformation of the government from a managed government to a service-oriented government. The government purchases services such as Wiesbaden, Hessen. The nursing home, sponsored by the Social Welfare Association of Laborers, established this nursing home, privately invested 90% of the funds, and the government invested 10% of the funds. The investors rented the house and rented it to the nursing home. The government issues old-age pensions to the elderly. The elderly go to such a nursing home to pay for the elderly. The elderly provide pension services to such elderly people. The nursing homes only cost, do not make profits, and the fees are only enough for the nursing homes. The government is responsible for such a society. Welfare business is tax-free. There are more than 500 such welfare homes in Hessen, and the elderly are using the government-issued pensions to support these institutions. This is actually the government's purchase of services.
Constantly explore the grassroots management system that suits its own characteristics. The local government system in Germany starts from reality and varies widely from place to place. The local government is the independent and autonomous structure between the city and the town. The city and the town are the divisions of the state. Although the town is in the area of a certain city, it does not mean that it is administratively subordinate to a certain city. Therefore, there is only a difference in the scope of execution between local governments. In the administrative divisions, there is a big difference between the city and the city, between the town and the town, and between the city and the town. Except for the three municipalities and the state, the organization form of the local government is generally prescribed by the state legislature. However, some specific issues are also decided by local governments through voter voting and based on local conditions.
It is the best government to let the society do the things that the society can do as much as possible. This is the opinion of some German professionals. This view is biased, but his basic spirit is correct. In addition to a small number of administrative departments, German governments at all levels have various categories of non-governmental organizations, community organizations, non-profit organizations, etc. Its functions are relatively simple, mainly to provide life, work, culture and other aspects for the needs of citizens. Services, these organizations play a role in communicating the links between the government and different interest groups of society and the vacancies. At the same time, Germany is still a country with a relatively sound social security service. When governments at all levels come up with funds to develop public welfare undertakings, they must grasp the characteristics of the private economy of capitalist society and adopt various methods to raise large amounts of funds from the private sector. Use the private economy, social groups, non-profit organizations, volunteer services, etc., to form a partnership with the government to jointly run social welfare undertakings. Such as the Munich Nature Conservancy, an institution that allows the government to let them engage in greening and nature conservation, and this institution makes full use of government policies and corporate, social groups, and individual funding. The things that should have been undertaken by the government have been very successful, which has alleviated the pressure on the government, mobilized the enthusiasm of these non-profit organizations, and gradually resolved the contradiction between the government and citizens through such a “buffer zone”.
Increased transparency in democratic decision-making In order to encourage people to participate in social affairs, Germany has adopted some public forms. First, the parliamentary conference is open, the conference venue has a special public space, allowing for audition, and organizing visits to the federal parliament. Second, through television and newspapers. The public government and its officials are open to the public; the third is that the government office is open, and the Internet can be used to inquire about the operation of the government; the fourth is to inform the public in advance of major issues, and hold hearings to let the public express their opinions and respect public opinion. At the same time, through various community organizations, reflect the situation and carry out social work.
The local finance has greater autonomy, the tax system is perfect. The financial expenses of the local government of Germany and the source of funds for public welfare undertakings are guaranteed by taxes. Anyone pays taxes and pays taxes on things. Federal, state, and local governments each have a separate set of tax agencies and separate taxes. This has provided a guarantee for the government to provide sufficient social welfare funds and welfare funds. At the same time, social compulsory insurance has accumulated a strong resource for the society. Everyone has the necessary financial security, and there are more than 2,000 laws to ensure the normal operation of social security funds.
Third, the experience of German community development gives us the enlightenment The experience of German community development provides useful insights for our current community building:
1. The strong organization and promotion of the party and the government play a vital role in community building. We should make full use of this driving force and do a good job in current community building.
2. The cooperation of various units, institutions and groups in the community is conducive to the full development of community resources and to the formation of community cohesion.
3. The unity of internal organization of the community is related to whether the community construction work operates in an orderly manner according to the development direction of the community.
4. The driving force of community residents is related to the success or failure of community construction.
5. The cultivation of residents' community awareness and participation awareness is the key to the initial stage of community construction and a long-term task in the process of community construction.
6. The cultivation of intermediary organizations in the community is an important part of community construction.
7. The cultivation of community work teams, especially the community volunteer team, is the key.
8. The effective development of community activities must rely on the organic coordination of facilities, environment, management and people.
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