Zhejiang Province Vocational Education Investigation Report
Zhejiang Province Vocational Education Investigation Report
With the rapid economic growth of Zhejiang Province and the deepening of vocational education reform, in the past five years, secondary vocational education in Zhejiang Province has experienced a rare strong development momentum in history. The enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools has been equal to that of ordinary high schools for five consecutive years. The high school education has shown a healthy and coordinated development trend, which has effectively promoted the popularization of high school education in the province, and enabled Zhejiang Province to achieve basic popularization in 2004 from preschool to high school. Fifteen years of education in three years of stage education. At the end of the last century, the development of vocational education in Zhejiang Province experienced the same low tide as the whole country. The enrollment of secondary vocational schools was difficult, the employment was not smooth, and the scale declined. In 2000, Zhejiang Province conducted in-depth research and analysis on secondary vocational education, and believed that the main reason for the decline of secondary vocational education was that on the one hand, some localities and departments swayed the ideologically vigorously developing the policy of vocational education, resulting in a large proportion of high-school education structure. The control measures are not in place, the government investment is seriously inadequate, the conditions for running schools in vocational schools are not simple, and the quality of teaching is not high. On the other hand, the internal management system of vocational schools is rigid, the mechanism is not live, and the lack of market-oriented active service economy is lacking. To this end, the provincial government held a provincial vocational education work conference in 2001, and issued a series of policies and measures conducive to the development of vocational education, such as the "Opinions of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government on Accelerating the Development of Secondary Vocational Education." On the one hand, unifying thinking and understanding, strengthening the government's macroeconomic regulation and control, and stipulating that in the process of accelerating the development of high school education, it is necessary to ensure that the number of enrollment in secondary vocational education is not less than 50%, and this indicator is a necessary condition for applying for a strong county. Implement a one-vote veto system; strengthen the adjustment of the layout of vocational schools, integrate and optimize the resources for vocational education; increase government input, and ensure that all local governments ensure that fiscal special funds for secondary vocational education increase year by year and that secondary vocational education accounts for the same level of education. The proportion of funds has gradually increased. At the same time, the proportion of urban education surcharges to secondary vocational education has been increased. The provincial government has also focused on the construction of “three major projects” in key schools, demonstration majors and demonstration bases, and has greatly improved the conditions for running vocational schools. Improve the standard of running a vocational education. On the other hand, it constantly expands the autonomy of running schools, stimulates the school's vitality, enhances the characteristics of running schools, and guides vocational schools to actively adjust their majors, enroll themselves, and develop themselves according to the needs of economic and social development. Since all levels of government attach great importance to the implementation of various policies and measures, it took only five years for the province's vocational education to have a good momentum of development, and various reforms have achieved remarkable results. By 2005, there were 26 state-level manufacturing and modern service industry shortage training and training base schools, 8 provincial-level advanced skill-based talent training and training bases, 122 provincial-level demonstration majors, and nearly 300 occupations. The school has established cooperative relations with enterprises, and 238 vocational schools have been designated by the local government as training bases for rural labor transfer, and annual vocational skills training is 310,000.
The policy measures adopted by Zhejiang Province in vigorously promoting the reform and development of vocational education, as well as some experiences accumulated during the development process, are worthy of our study, reflection and borrowing. This Quanzhou Vocational Education Research Group mainly inspected Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. There are three representative cities in Wenzhou and Ningbo. The basic conditions and feelings of vocational education in three cities mainly include the following aspects.
I. To play the leading role of the government The governments at all levels have strengthened the leadership, co-ordination and coordination of vocational education in the administrative regions in accordance with the provisions of the Vocational Education Law, and incorporated vocational education into the overall planning of local economic and social development. In the past few years, the government and relevant departments have issued more than a dozen policy files, and introduced a series of policy measures to promote the reform of the vocational education management system and school system, increase funding, and improve teaching quality. The first is to establish a joint vocational education conference system composed of leaders of the municipal government as convener, education, labor, finance, economic commission, planning committee, personnel, planning and other functional departments, and hold regular meetings to study vocational education. The second is that the main leaders personally grasp vocational education. Changxing County of Huzhou City is the first county in the country to implement the “education voucher” to support the development of vocational education. The county party committee secretary and county magistrate have visited the vocational school several times to hold special meetings, conduct special research, and put forward the “four needs” of vocational education. And "four ideas." "Four needs" means vocational education is the need of economic development, wealth-rich farmers, investment attraction, and urbanization. The "four concepts" means developing vocational education with advanced concepts, advanced management mode, first-class teachers, and first-class equipment training base. . In 2005, the county identified three major research topics, one of which is how the county party committee secretary is personally responsible for how to accelerate the development of vocational education. Third, the government plays an important role in coordinating vocational education. Governments at all levels insist that the government must lead vocational education at this stage. The government is responsible for coordinating the adjustment of the layout of vocational schools, the integration of vocational education resources, funding, the proportion of secondary and general enrollment, professional setting, school scale, construction of key vocational schools, and demonstration. Construction of professional and training bases. Fundamentally solved the division of vocational education, vocational schools are small and complete, small standard, poor efficiency, redundant construction, waste of resources, the most prominent is that in the issue of the proportion of general employment, all places are strictly according to 1: 1 The enrollment plan is issued, stipulating that the Pu Gao enrollment cannot break through the plan, and the enrollment of the vocational school can exceed the plan and greatly protect the students.
Second, the layout structure adjustment is basically in place Since 2000, the city and county governments have adjusted the layout of various public secondary vocational schools, integrated the allocation of educational resources, according to "scale adjustment, structural adjustment, professional adjustment, special characteristics The requirements for revitalizing the stock and optimizing the structure through mergers and relocations, and promoting the scale and quality of secondary vocational schools. The goal is that by 2005, the average size of secondary vocational schools will reach 1,500 or more, and each county will focus on 1-2 provincial-level key vocational schools. If the school-running scale and school conditions do not meet the prescribed requirements, they will be adjusted or Cancel the independent award of the secondary vocational diploma. In 2005, the adjusted Zhejiang Province had 295 public vocational schools, a decrease of 140 compared with 2000. In the same year, the number of enrollments increased by 80,000, and the number of students enrolled increased by 170,000. The average school size increased from 728 to 2011. people. Huzhou City has made great adjustments to vocational schools and achieved remarkable results. Three counties in the jurisdiction have merged into each group to build a vocational education center. The campus covers an area of more than 200 mu, and the land acquisition is administratively allocated, with an amount of 30,000-60,000 yuan per mu. Each vocational education center has invested more than 100 million yuan in government investment and discount loans to build vocational schools with a scale of more than 4,000. There are currently 6 national key vocational schools in the city, and the rest are provincial key vocational schools. In 2000, three county-level vocational schools in Changxing County merged and established vocational education centers. The newly acquired land of 240 mu made the campus area reach 431 mu, invested more than 100 million yuan in infrastructure construction and added teaching equipment, and equipped 260 staff members. A national-level key vocational school, a national vocational education advanced unit, and a national vocational education training base have been established, with more than 4,000 students. There are 64 kinds of laboratories, more than 70 training bases, 5 computer rooms, 7 multimedia classrooms, and more than 20 million yuan in practical training equipment. They also cooperate with Zhejiang University Manufacturing Engineering Research Institute to carry out CNC training bases. More than 600 million yuan, built 21 laboratories, with 27 sets of the most advanced numerical control equipment in the country, becoming the province's NC teacher training base.
Third, the funding has grown substantially
In 1994, Ningbo City began to collect funds for vocational education, stipulating that all enterprises and institutions in the jurisdictions should withdraw vocational education funds according to the proportion of 2.5% of the total wages of employees. 1.5% of them are co-ordinated by the municipal government, and now they have raised 230 million yuan to support them. A number of key schools and key professional construction. Since 1999, Ningbo City has started professional modernization construction projects, and built 30 major categories of 30 majors that are closely integrated with Ningbo's pillar industries, emerging industries, and major projects. The special programs for vocational education and coordination are listed, and each major is given 200,000 per year. The yuan has been subsidized for three consecutive years, and the county has implemented funds. In 2003, the municipal party committee and the municipal government issued a policy to extract 1% of the net income from land transfer at the city and county levels for rural labor transfer training. In the same year, the city extracted land transfer fees of 200 million yuan and established a stable rural labor transfer. Training funding mechanism. The municipal government also stipulates that the proportion of urban education surcharges for vocational education shall not be less than 20%, of which the proportion of professional equipment used in vocational schools shall not be less than 50%. In 2003, students who qualified for CNC, mechanical, electromechanical, and mold-related professional qualifications were awarded scholarships equivalent to tuition fees for the academic year. The expenditure was 3.54 million yuan. For students related to agriculture, they are generally given a subsidy of 2,000 yuan per student per school year. This is essentially a free education for agriculture-related majors. For the social forces, full-time students with more than 600 students, and the establishment of secondary vocational schools that are in short supply, the rewards for each shortage of professional graduates are not less than 1/2 of the average cost of public vocational schools, and the scale is more than 1,000. If the professional facilities are invested more than 5 million yuan, the subsidy will be subsidized according to the standard of the average student's per capita fund of 1/4 of the average cost of the public vocational school. The funds are included in the local government budget.
The Wenzhou Municipal Government issued a policy in 2002, which stipulates that the fiscal special funds for secondary education funds will increase year by year, and ensure that their proportion of education funds at the same level is gradually increased. The budgetary internal public funds are higher than the quotas of ordinary schools at the same level. Urban education fees are increased by more than 20%, and rural education fees are increased by more than 10% for the development of vocational education. The enterprise education funds of 2% of the total wages of employees shall be drawn to enterprises and institutions, 50% of which shall be used by the city and county as a whole, and used for the construction of key projects of vocational education. The municipal finance allocates 5 million yuan each year as an incentive fund for advanced manufacturing and modern service industry training bases. In addition, each of the provincial demonstration professions will be awarded a reward of 500,000 yuan, a municipal model professional award of 200,000 yuan, a municipal straight school will be paid by the municipal finance, and a county-level school will be paid by the county finance.
Changxing County of Huzhou City began to implement education vouchers in 2001, mainly supporting private and public vocational schools. Students who apply for vocational courses can receive the education voucher of 300-500 yuan issued by the county finance when they are accepted. The students will use the education vouchers to offset the corresponding amount of tuition. In 2002, the Education Bureau increased the investment of education vouchers, and the vocational education enrolled rapidly. Increased to 3,306 people, more than 3,288 people in ordinary high school. In 2003, the Education Bureau introduced measures to subsidize poor students in vocational schools. According to the proportion of 20% of vocational school students, poor students were awarded a subsidy of 500 yuan per student. The issuance of education vouchers has played a positive role in the advancement of vocational education in Changxing County.
Fourth, comprehensively improve the school-running level of vocational schools On the basis of completing the adjustment of layout structure, integrating the allocation of educational resources, improving the scale of vocational schools, and maintaining the proportion of vocational education and general enrollment, Zhejiang Province shifts the focus of vocational education to the content of vocational schools. Construction, focus on improving the standard of running schools, and comprehensively improve the quality of education. Focus on teachers, equipment, professional training bases, training bases, key professional construction, and vigorously improve the conditions for running schools in vocational schools, and strengthen secondary vocational education.
According to the characteristics of industrial structure, Ningbo City builds a talent support platform for the development of manufacturing and service industries. First, it focuses on building ten professional training and training bases and ten practical training bases. The top ten internship training bases were launched this year. It plans to build and evaluate 2-3 bases each year. The investment scale of professional facilities in each base is about 10 million yuan, the average number of professional students is more than 1,000, and the annual number of social training is 1500. More than one person, through the training base to complete the middle and high vocational qualification training 40,000 times. The construction of the training base is operated by the market mechanism, and enterprises, industries and scientific research units are encouraged to participate in the construction and management of the training base. The second is to develop a cluster of professional services for fast economic services, and to train skilled talents for block economy in the “hometown of red gang clothing”, “the capital of China's molds” and “the hometown of Chinese stationery”. Within 3-5 years, Form a cluster of professions that cover the entire block economy. The third is to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. There are mainly “order-based” training. This year, the cooperation rate of vocational schools in urban areas is over 90%, and “orders” are signed with more than 70 enterprises and industries. Students choose employment directly after graduation; establish internship bases in enterprises and employ enterprise technology. The backbone is the professional skills teacher of the school; the professional teachers go to the enterprise to work and exercise, and apply the advanced concepts and techniques of the enterprise to the course teaching.
This year, Huzhou City launched a talent training training base and a training base construction project. The goal is to build five advanced manufacturing industries and two modern service industry skill-based training bases, based on national and provincial key vocational schools, and five national level. 20 provincial and 40 municipal-level demonstration majors, 4 regional comprehensive training bases, and 18 professional training bases, comprehensively improve vocational school training and training capabilities, and provide human resources protection for local economic construction. Require full-time teachers in vocational schools The university has more than 95% of the university degrees, of which 20% are postgraduate students, and 70% are “double-type” teachers, 40% of whom are senior workers. Within three years, professional teachers must go to the enterprise rotation training once, through the research and certification, obtain the "double-type" qualification, and prioritize the main professional teachers to the corresponding institutions and enterprises at home and abroad for training. For example, in Changxing County Vocational Education Center, there are 37 professional teachers who have been sent to Germany for further training. Vocational schools must be equipped with the most advanced equipment. Graduates do not need secondary training before they can be employed, and they can go directly to work. The city's vocational school equipment will invest 100 million yuan in five years, with an average annual investment of 20 million yuan.
In Wenzhou City, 15 provincial-level demonstration majors and 20 municipal-level demonstration majors will be established this year. The key professions can advance batches in enrollment, expand quotas, appropriately raise the charging standards, and prioritize teacher training. Encourage schools and enterprises to form education groups, and jointly establish vocational schools and enterprises as the basic conditions for the evaluation of key schools. For enterprises that actively support secondary vocational schools and achieve remarkable results, they should reduce their staff education and coordination fees. The city's vocational schools are equipped with training center cards to conduct technical training for the society. Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of vocational schools, including school spirit, moral education, cultural knowledge, skill operation, academic competition, teaching reform, student consolidation rate, employment rate, etc. Students are assessed for credits, including a total of 1,000 points in moral, intellectual, physical, technical, and mental health. Students can graduate with 800 points. In the direction of running a school, from the multi-disciplinary school to the unit to run a school, mainly to train first-line production and technical workers, requiring vocational school graduates to hold a "double certificate" ratio of 100%.
Huzhou City, Ningbo City, Wenzhou City and Quanzhou City have many similarities in economic and social development, especially the population and economic volume of Wenzhou City is very close to Quanzhou City. In the past few years, their vocational education has risen from the bottom to the rapid rise, benefiting from economic development, government and society's attention and support, and the continuous deepening of vocational education reform. In the process of reform and development, many policy measures and accumulations have been adopted. Experience is worth learning and borrowing. In the study and exchange, we also learned a lot of advanced school ideas, school management experience and school development ideas, which are very beneficial for us to improve the school management level and quality of school.
With the rapid economic growth of Zhejiang Province and the deepening of vocational education reform, in the past five years, secondary vocational education in Zhejiang Province has experienced a rare strong development momentum in history. The enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools has been equal to that of ordinary high schools for five consecutive years. The high school education has shown a healthy and coordinated development trend, which has effectively promoted the popularization of high school education in the province, and enabled Zhejiang Province to achieve basic popularization in 2004 from preschool to high school. Fifteen years of education in three years of stage education. At the end of the last century, the development of vocational education in Zhejiang Province experienced the same low tide as the whole country. The enrollment of secondary vocational schools was difficult, the employment was not smooth, and the scale declined. In 2000, Zhejiang Province conducted in-depth research and analysis on secondary vocational education, and believed that the main reason for the decline of secondary vocational education was that on the one hand, some localities and departments swayed the ideologically vigorously developing the policy of vocational education, resulting in a large proportion of high-school education structure. The control measures are not in place, the government investment is seriously inadequate, the conditions for running schools in vocational schools are not simple, and the quality of teaching is not high. On the other hand, the internal management system of vocational schools is rigid, the mechanism is not live, and the lack of market-oriented active service economy is lacking. To this end, the provincial government held a provincial vocational education work conference in 2001, and issued a series of policies and measures conducive to the development of vocational education, such as the "Opinions of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government on Accelerating the Development of Secondary Vocational Education." On the one hand, unifying thinking and understanding, strengthening the government's macroeconomic regulation and control, and stipulating that in the process of accelerating the development of high school education, it is necessary to ensure that the number of enrollment in secondary vocational education is not less than 50%, and this indicator is a necessary condition for applying for a strong county. Implement a one-vote veto system; strengthen the adjustment of the layout of vocational schools, integrate and optimize the resources for vocational education; increase government input, and ensure that all local governments ensure that fiscal special funds for secondary vocational education increase year by year and that secondary vocational education accounts for the same level of education. The proportion of funds has gradually increased. At the same time, the proportion of urban education surcharges to secondary vocational education has been increased. The provincial government has also focused on the construction of “three major projects” in key schools, demonstration majors and demonstration bases, and has greatly improved the conditions for running vocational schools. Improve the standard of running a vocational education. On the other hand, it constantly expands the autonomy of running schools, stimulates the school's vitality, enhances the characteristics of running schools, and guides vocational schools to actively adjust their majors, enroll themselves, and develop themselves according to the needs of economic and social development. Since all levels of government attach great importance to the implementation of various policies and measures, it took only five years for the province's vocational education to have a good momentum of development, and various reforms have achieved remarkable results. By 2005, there were 26 state-level manufacturing and modern service industry shortage training and training base schools, 8 provincial-level advanced skill-based talent training and training bases, 122 provincial-level demonstration majors, and nearly 300 occupations. The school has established cooperative relations with enterprises, and 238 vocational schools have been designated by the local government as training bases for rural labor transfer, and annual vocational skills training is 310,000.
The policy measures adopted by Zhejiang Province in vigorously promoting the reform and development of vocational education, as well as some experiences accumulated during the development process, are worthy of our study, reflection and borrowing. This Quanzhou Vocational Education Research Group mainly inspected Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. There are three representative cities in Wenzhou and Ningbo. The basic conditions and feelings of vocational education in three cities mainly include the following aspects.
I. To play the leading role of the government The governments at all levels have strengthened the leadership, co-ordination and coordination of vocational education in the administrative regions in accordance with the provisions of the Vocational Education Law, and incorporated vocational education into the overall planning of local economic and social development. In the past few years, the government and relevant departments have issued more than a dozen policy files, and introduced a series of policy measures to promote the reform of the vocational education management system and school system, increase funding, and improve teaching quality. The first is to establish a joint vocational education conference system composed of leaders of the municipal government as convener, education, labor, finance, economic commission, planning committee, personnel, planning and other functional departments, and hold regular meetings to study vocational education. The second is that the main leaders personally grasp vocational education. Changxing County of Huzhou City is the first county in the country to implement the “education voucher” to support the development of vocational education. The county party committee secretary and county magistrate have visited the vocational school several times to hold special meetings, conduct special research, and put forward the “four needs” of vocational education. And "four ideas." "Four needs" means vocational education is the need of economic development, wealth-rich farmers, investment attraction, and urbanization. The "four concepts" means developing vocational education with advanced concepts, advanced management mode, first-class teachers, and first-class equipment training base. . In 2005, the county identified three major research topics, one of which is how the county party committee secretary is personally responsible for how to accelerate the development of vocational education. Third, the government plays an important role in coordinating vocational education. Governments at all levels insist that the government must lead vocational education at this stage. The government is responsible for coordinating the adjustment of the layout of vocational schools, the integration of vocational education resources, funding, the proportion of secondary and general enrollment, professional setting, school scale, construction of key vocational schools, and demonstration. Construction of professional and training bases. Fundamentally solved the division of vocational education, vocational schools are small and complete, small standard, poor efficiency, redundant construction, waste of resources, the most prominent is that in the issue of the proportion of general employment, all places are strictly according to 1: 1 The enrollment plan is issued, stipulating that the Pu Gao enrollment cannot break through the plan, and the enrollment of the vocational school can exceed the plan and greatly protect the students.
Second, the layout structure adjustment is basically in place Since 2000, the city and county governments have adjusted the layout of various public secondary vocational schools, integrated the allocation of educational resources, according to "scale adjustment, structural adjustment, professional adjustment, special characteristics The requirements for revitalizing the stock and optimizing the structure through mergers and relocations, and promoting the scale and quality of secondary vocational schools. The goal is that by 2005, the average size of secondary vocational schools will reach 1,500 or more, and each county will focus on 1-2 provincial-level key vocational schools. If the school-running scale and school conditions do not meet the prescribed requirements, they will be adjusted or Cancel the independent award of the secondary vocational diploma. In 2005, the adjusted Zhejiang Province had 295 public vocational schools, a decrease of 140 compared with 2000. In the same year, the number of enrollments increased by 80,000, and the number of students enrolled increased by 170,000. The average school size increased from 728 to 2011. people. Huzhou City has made great adjustments to vocational schools and achieved remarkable results. Three counties in the jurisdiction have merged into each group to build a vocational education center. The campus covers an area of more than 200 mu, and the land acquisition is administratively allocated, with an amount of 30,000-60,000 yuan per mu. Each vocational education center has invested more than 100 million yuan in government investment and discount loans to build vocational schools with a scale of more than 4,000. There are currently 6 national key vocational schools in the city, and the rest are provincial key vocational schools. In 2000, three county-level vocational schools in Changxing County merged and established vocational education centers. The newly acquired land of 240 mu made the campus area reach 431 mu, invested more than 100 million yuan in infrastructure construction and added teaching equipment, and equipped 260 staff members. A national-level key vocational school, a national vocational education advanced unit, and a national vocational education training base have been established, with more than 4,000 students. There are 64 kinds of laboratories, more than 70 training bases, 5 computer rooms, 7 multimedia classrooms, and more than 20 million yuan in practical training equipment. They also cooperate with Zhejiang University Manufacturing Engineering Research Institute to carry out CNC training bases. More than 600 million yuan, built 21 laboratories, with 27 sets of the most advanced numerical control equipment in the country, becoming the province's NC teacher training base.
Third, the funding has grown substantially
In 1994, Ningbo City began to collect funds for vocational education, stipulating that all enterprises and institutions in the jurisdictions should withdraw vocational education funds according to the proportion of 2.5% of the total wages of employees. 1.5% of them are co-ordinated by the municipal government, and now they have raised 230 million yuan to support them. A number of key schools and key professional construction. Since 1999, Ningbo City has started professional modernization construction projects, and built 30 major categories of 30 majors that are closely integrated with Ningbo's pillar industries, emerging industries, and major projects. The special programs for vocational education and coordination are listed, and each major is given 200,000 per year. The yuan has been subsidized for three consecutive years, and the county has implemented funds. In 2003, the municipal party committee and the municipal government issued a policy to extract 1% of the net income from land transfer at the city and county levels for rural labor transfer training. In the same year, the city extracted land transfer fees of 200 million yuan and established a stable rural labor transfer. Training funding mechanism. The municipal government also stipulates that the proportion of urban education surcharges for vocational education shall not be less than 20%, of which the proportion of professional equipment used in vocational schools shall not be less than 50%. In 2003, students who qualified for CNC, mechanical, electromechanical, and mold-related professional qualifications were awarded scholarships equivalent to tuition fees for the academic year. The expenditure was 3.54 million yuan. For students related to agriculture, they are generally given a subsidy of 2,000 yuan per student per school year. This is essentially a free education for agriculture-related majors. For the social forces, full-time students with more than 600 students, and the establishment of secondary vocational schools that are in short supply, the rewards for each shortage of professional graduates are not less than 1/2 of the average cost of public vocational schools, and the scale is more than 1,000. If the professional facilities are invested more than 5 million yuan, the subsidy will be subsidized according to the standard of the average student's per capita fund of 1/4 of the average cost of the public vocational school. The funds are included in the local government budget.
The Wenzhou Municipal Government issued a policy in 2002, which stipulates that the fiscal special funds for secondary education funds will increase year by year, and ensure that their proportion of education funds at the same level is gradually increased. The budgetary internal public funds are higher than the quotas of ordinary schools at the same level. Urban education fees are increased by more than 20%, and rural education fees are increased by more than 10% for the development of vocational education. The enterprise education funds of 2% of the total wages of employees shall be drawn to enterprises and institutions, 50% of which shall be used by the city and county as a whole, and used for the construction of key projects of vocational education. The municipal finance allocates 5 million yuan each year as an incentive fund for advanced manufacturing and modern service industry training bases. In addition, each of the provincial demonstration professions will be awarded a reward of 500,000 yuan, a municipal model professional award of 200,000 yuan, a municipal straight school will be paid by the municipal finance, and a county-level school will be paid by the county finance.
Changxing County of Huzhou City began to implement education vouchers in 2001, mainly supporting private and public vocational schools. Students who apply for vocational courses can receive the education voucher of 300-500 yuan issued by the county finance when they are accepted. The students will use the education vouchers to offset the corresponding amount of tuition. In 2002, the Education Bureau increased the investment of education vouchers, and the vocational education enrolled rapidly. Increased to 3,306 people, more than 3,288 people in ordinary high school. In 2003, the Education Bureau introduced measures to subsidize poor students in vocational schools. According to the proportion of 20% of vocational school students, poor students were awarded a subsidy of 500 yuan per student. The issuance of education vouchers has played a positive role in the advancement of vocational education in Changxing County.
Fourth, comprehensively improve the school-running level of vocational schools On the basis of completing the adjustment of layout structure, integrating the allocation of educational resources, improving the scale of vocational schools, and maintaining the proportion of vocational education and general enrollment, Zhejiang Province shifts the focus of vocational education to the content of vocational schools. Construction, focus on improving the standard of running schools, and comprehensively improve the quality of education. Focus on teachers, equipment, professional training bases, training bases, key professional construction, and vigorously improve the conditions for running schools in vocational schools, and strengthen secondary vocational education.
According to the characteristics of industrial structure, Ningbo City builds a talent support platform for the development of manufacturing and service industries. First, it focuses on building ten professional training and training bases and ten practical training bases. The top ten internship training bases were launched this year. It plans to build and evaluate 2-3 bases each year. The investment scale of professional facilities in each base is about 10 million yuan, the average number of professional students is more than 1,000, and the annual number of social training is 1500. More than one person, through the training base to complete the middle and high vocational qualification training 40,000 times. The construction of the training base is operated by the market mechanism, and enterprises, industries and scientific research units are encouraged to participate in the construction and management of the training base. The second is to develop a cluster of professional services for fast economic services, and to train skilled talents for block economy in the “hometown of red gang clothing”, “the capital of China's molds” and “the hometown of Chinese stationery”. Within 3-5 years, Form a cluster of professions that cover the entire block economy. The third is to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. There are mainly “order-based” training. This year, the cooperation rate of vocational schools in urban areas is over 90%, and “orders” are signed with more than 70 enterprises and industries. Students choose employment directly after graduation; establish internship bases in enterprises and employ enterprise technology. The backbone is the professional skills teacher of the school; the professional teachers go to the enterprise to work and exercise, and apply the advanced concepts and techniques of the enterprise to the course teaching.
This year, Huzhou City launched a talent training training base and a training base construction project. The goal is to build five advanced manufacturing industries and two modern service industry skill-based training bases, based on national and provincial key vocational schools, and five national level. 20 provincial and 40 municipal-level demonstration majors, 4 regional comprehensive training bases, and 18 professional training bases, comprehensively improve vocational school training and training capabilities, and provide human resources protection for local economic construction. Require full-time teachers in vocational schools The university has more than 95% of the university degrees, of which 20% are postgraduate students, and 70% are “double-type” teachers, 40% of whom are senior workers. Within three years, professional teachers must go to the enterprise rotation training once, through the research and certification, obtain the "double-type" qualification, and prioritize the main professional teachers to the corresponding institutions and enterprises at home and abroad for training. For example, in Changxing County Vocational Education Center, there are 37 professional teachers who have been sent to Germany for further training. Vocational schools must be equipped with the most advanced equipment. Graduates do not need secondary training before they can be employed, and they can go directly to work. The city's vocational school equipment will invest 100 million yuan in five years, with an average annual investment of 20 million yuan.
In Wenzhou City, 15 provincial-level demonstration majors and 20 municipal-level demonstration majors will be established this year. The key professions can advance batches in enrollment, expand quotas, appropriately raise the charging standards, and prioritize teacher training. Encourage schools and enterprises to form education groups, and jointly establish vocational schools and enterprises as the basic conditions for the evaluation of key schools. For enterprises that actively support secondary vocational schools and achieve remarkable results, they should reduce their staff education and coordination fees. The city's vocational schools are equipped with training center cards to conduct technical training for the society. Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of vocational schools, including school spirit, moral education, cultural knowledge, skill operation, academic competition, teaching reform, student consolidation rate, employment rate, etc. Students are assessed for credits, including a total of 1,000 points in moral, intellectual, physical, technical, and mental health. Students can graduate with 800 points. In the direction of running a school, from the multi-disciplinary school to the unit to run a school, mainly to train first-line production and technical workers, requiring vocational school graduates to hold a "double certificate" ratio of 100%.
Huzhou City, Ningbo City, Wenzhou City and Quanzhou City have many similarities in economic and social development, especially the population and economic volume of Wenzhou City is very close to Quanzhou City. In the past few years, their vocational education has risen from the bottom to the rapid rise, benefiting from economic development, government and society's attention and support, and the continuous deepening of vocational education reform. In the process of reform and development, many policy measures and accumulations have been adopted. Experience is worth learning and borrowing. In the study and exchange, we also learned a lot of advanced school ideas, school management experience and school development ideas, which are very beneficial for us to improve the school management level and quality of school.
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