Investigation report on vocational education in Western Europe
Investigation report on vocational education in Western Europe
The Hainan Provincial Education Department’s delegation to Western Europe conducted a field trip to the vocational education in Western Europe from November 29 to December 13, 2004. The aim is to take advantage of the operation system, management methods and accumulated experience of vocational education in Western Europe, combine the reality of vocational education in our province, deepen the reform of vocational education, and promote the development of vocational education in our province.
Better serve the comprehensive construction of a well-off society.
The delegation was led by the Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Education, Xiaoji Ji, the Director of the Vocational Education Department, the Director of the Office, Haikou, Sanya, Qiongzhong, Baisha, the Director of the Education Bureau of Baoting County, the President of the Provincial Direct Secondary School, and others. There are 18 principals in vocational schools.
During his stay in Western Europe, the delegation visited the International Fashion Design Institute of Italy, the Moni Black University of Technology in Austria, the University City of Heidelberg, Germany, the Paris Institute of Vocational Education and Research in France, and the University of Paris. The country's vocational education system, management model, school form, curriculum, vocational education and employment, and the relationship with the industry, professional education workers' professionalism, ability training, testing, vocational education legislation, vocational education investment, etc. In-depth and meticulous study and conversations and discussions with relevant people.
Wherever our delegation went, it was warmly welcomed and welcomed. The universities, research institutes and other units inspected and organized relevant experts to give us a detailed introduction.
And provide relevant information.
Through this inspection, we broadened our horizons, opened up our ideas, and gained inspiration. Although there are fundamental differences between China and the Western European social system, the national conditions and the provincial conditions are different. However, in many aspects such as the vocational education management system, vocational education legislation, and investment, it is worthwhile to learn and borrow from the vocational education reform in our province.
I. Basic Situation of Vocational Education in Western Europe The vocational education system in Western European countries is based on the theory of lifelong education. The vocational education is not limited to academic education. It is mainly from the transfer of knowledge to the cultivation of practical ability. Entering the National Primary School, Middle School, University, Vocational Education University, you can enter the school only by your academic qualifications, or even enter the university.
Vocational colleges do not need to implement a national unified examination, and the gates of schools at all levels are always open to the society. Vocational education is used as an education to cultivate practical ability. Therefore, it is required to carry out vocational education for three to five years after graduation. Only when a vocational education qualification certificate is obtained can employment be granted.
In school management, vocational schools only manage education. The management of students' accommodation, life and other services is handled by the society. The social resources are used outside the school, and the students themselves manage themselves.
Standardize the labor and employment market according to law. The labor laws of Western European countries clearly stipulate that citizens who have not obtained the corresponding vocational education qualification certificates after vocational education,
All walks of life, including government departments, are not allowed to hire. According to the level of study and assessment, select the professional qualification certificate. The vocational qualification certificate is divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. The law stipulates the minimum wage for different vocational qualifications: after the primary vocational qualification is employed, the minimum monthly wage is 200-300 euros.
The intermediate monthly minimum wage is 2000-2500 euros; the advanced monthly minimum wage is 3000-3500 euros. And every two years to promote one to two grades according to different grades.
About the academic system.
In the management of school system, the primary school system of one country. The country has a four-year primary school system. At the age of 5, the students began to go to the National Elementary School. Once they entered the National Elementary School, they began to establish student files. When entering the middle school, they only need to fill in their academic qualifications and files and submit them to the admission school for review. Secondary school system. 2 The secondary school system is divided into three categories:
——General middle school, 5 years of schooling. The main reason is to recruit students with poor grades, accounting for about 30% of the total number of middle school students in the country.
——Shike Middle School, 4 years of schooling. The main recruitment of students with medium grades is about 50%.
—— Wenli Middle School, with a three-year academic system, mainly recruits students with good grades, accounting for about 20%.
The length of the school system varies with the type of school, and students with different grades enter different types of schools and sit in the right place.
3 university system: university system for 5-6 years. All kinds of universities across the country enroll students according to their own choices and their achievements in secondary school. They do not implement the national unified entrance examination 4 vocational education system for 3-5 years.
Students who are studying at the university must complete all the courses they have completed within the prescribed time. Those who pass the examination will only take effect after being approved by the professor of the subject. The professor is responsible for his own signing. Those who pass the examination will be allowed to graduate and a qualification certificate will be issued. After the student is employed, if the employer finds that the student is unable to work, and is related to the major he is studying, there are many joint complaints from the household unit, and the graduation school education and professor signature must bear legal responsibility. All walks of life in the European Community provide students with opportunities and opportunities for internships and employment, and are fully open to students.
The state is responsible for the investment in education funds for education. Students from the national school to the university graduate, whether it is a public school or a private school, the tuition fees are the responsibility of the state, all free admission, except for students. The practice is: first, the student applies to the bank for a tuition loan, handles the loan procedure, and the bank transfers the tuition fee to the school. The tuition loan index is stipulated that each college student is 540 euros/month. After graduation, the annual student tuition loan is allocated by the state from the financial funds and returned to the bank tuition loan. The student’s living expenses are paid by the individual, and the college student’s living expenses are generally 200 Euro/month.
Second, a few revelations and experiences Through this inspection, we have a relatively intuitive and comprehensive understanding of vocational education in Western Europe, broadened our horizons and learned a lot of useful experience. I believe that there are many useful things that are worth learning and borrowing from the promotion of vocational education reform in our province and the development of vocational education in our province.
It is necessary to put vocational education in an important position.
In the decision of the central government to establish and improve the socialist market economic system, it is pointed out that economic growth should be transferred to relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of laborers. Vocational education is an important way and means to improve the quality of workers, and to cultivate talents. . It is necessary to vigorously develop vocational education, train qualified high-quality laborers, and provide intellectual support and guarantee for economic development and building a well-off society.
Reform school management.
The schools of vocational education in Western Europe only manage the school. Regardless of the logistics administration of students, such as accommodation, living, etc., the life management of students is left to the society. This management model makes better use of and integrates social resources to run schools, and forms a joint force for government education, social education, and school education. It not only reduces the investment in government education, but also helps the school to concentrate on teaching and improve the quality of teaching. At the same time, it also helps students manage themselves and develop their ability to live independently. These management models are worthy of the mirror. We can choose some vocational schools with better surrounding environment, first carry out reform pilots, and gradually improve and promote them on the basis of experience.
Strengthen professional ethics education.
Vocational education must not only impart knowledge to improve the skills of students, but also strengthen professional ethics education. In particular, China is in the transition period of economic and social development. Some negative factors and ugly phenomena in the society have brought tremendous impact and influence on the morality and values of the young people, especially the minors. Therefore, it must be strengthened. Moral education and professional ethics education play an important role in the construction of social morality. The construction of professional ethics must start from the school and start from the vocational education. It is an important way to implement the principle of "ruling the country by morality" and is the basic construction of moral construction.
Further strengthen and improve vocational education legislation.
Western European countries have put vocational education into the track of legalization, which is worth learning and borrowing. We must accelerate legislation on vocational education. Hainan Province has certain legislative powers in the SAR. The leaders of the provincial party committee and the provincial government have repeatedly stated that Hainan Province should focus its education on basic education and vocational education. It is necessary to strengthen and improve legislation from the aspects of vocational education system, funding investment, management mode, and vocational education employment market. Do a law to follow. This is an inevitable requirement for strengthening the building of the ability to govern and governing according to law.
Further reform the vocational education system, mechanism, and academic system.
First, in order to strengthen the management of vocational education in our province, the provincial government should set up a special agency responsible for the leadership and management of vocational education, mainly responsible for the leadership coordination of the vocational education work in the province, and the institutions can be set up separately or in The Department of Education has a Vocational Education Department.
Second, establish and improve the management mechanism of vocational education.
Third, reform the vocational education system.
Intensifying vocational education and investing in vocational education, relying on the legal system, relying on the system and mechanism, and relying on investment. To increase investment in vocational education, in terms of investment, two ratios must be set. First, education funds account for the proportion of local fiscal expenditures in the province. Second, vocational education accounts for the proportion of all financial education expenditures. According to the scale of vocational education and the number of students, we should adapt to the increase of financial investment in vocational education.
The Hainan Provincial Education Department’s delegation to Western Europe conducted a field trip to the vocational education in Western Europe from November 29 to December 13, 2004. The aim is to take advantage of the operation system, management methods and accumulated experience of vocational education in Western Europe, combine the reality of vocational education in our province, deepen the reform of vocational education, and promote the development of vocational education in our province.
Better serve the comprehensive construction of a well-off society.
The delegation was led by the Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Education, Xiaoji Ji, the Director of the Vocational Education Department, the Director of the Office, Haikou, Sanya, Qiongzhong, Baisha, the Director of the Education Bureau of Baoting County, the President of the Provincial Direct Secondary School, and others. There are 18 principals in vocational schools.
During his stay in Western Europe, the delegation visited the International Fashion Design Institute of Italy, the Moni Black University of Technology in Austria, the University City of Heidelberg, Germany, the Paris Institute of Vocational Education and Research in France, and the University of Paris. The country's vocational education system, management model, school form, curriculum, vocational education and employment, and the relationship with the industry, professional education workers' professionalism, ability training, testing, vocational education legislation, vocational education investment, etc. In-depth and meticulous study and conversations and discussions with relevant people.
Wherever our delegation went, it was warmly welcomed and welcomed. The universities, research institutes and other units inspected and organized relevant experts to give us a detailed introduction.
And provide relevant information.
Through this inspection, we broadened our horizons, opened up our ideas, and gained inspiration. Although there are fundamental differences between China and the Western European social system, the national conditions and the provincial conditions are different. However, in many aspects such as the vocational education management system, vocational education legislation, and investment, it is worthwhile to learn and borrow from the vocational education reform in our province.
I. Basic Situation of Vocational Education in Western Europe The vocational education system in Western European countries is based on the theory of lifelong education. The vocational education is not limited to academic education. It is mainly from the transfer of knowledge to the cultivation of practical ability. Entering the National Primary School, Middle School, University, Vocational Education University, you can enter the school only by your academic qualifications, or even enter the university.
Vocational colleges do not need to implement a national unified examination, and the gates of schools at all levels are always open to the society. Vocational education is used as an education to cultivate practical ability. Therefore, it is required to carry out vocational education for three to five years after graduation. Only when a vocational education qualification certificate is obtained can employment be granted.
In school management, vocational schools only manage education. The management of students' accommodation, life and other services is handled by the society. The social resources are used outside the school, and the students themselves manage themselves.
Standardize the labor and employment market according to law. The labor laws of Western European countries clearly stipulate that citizens who have not obtained the corresponding vocational education qualification certificates after vocational education,
All walks of life, including government departments, are not allowed to hire. According to the level of study and assessment, select the professional qualification certificate. The vocational qualification certificate is divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. The law stipulates the minimum wage for different vocational qualifications: after the primary vocational qualification is employed, the minimum monthly wage is 200-300 euros.
The intermediate monthly minimum wage is 2000-2500 euros; the advanced monthly minimum wage is 3000-3500 euros. And every two years to promote one to two grades according to different grades.
About the academic system.
In the management of school system, the primary school system of one country. The country has a four-year primary school system. At the age of 5, the students began to go to the National Elementary School. Once they entered the National Elementary School, they began to establish student files. When entering the middle school, they only need to fill in their academic qualifications and files and submit them to the admission school for review. Secondary school system. 2 The secondary school system is divided into three categories:
——General middle school, 5 years of schooling. The main reason is to recruit students with poor grades, accounting for about 30% of the total number of middle school students in the country.
——Shike Middle School, 4 years of schooling. The main recruitment of students with medium grades is about 50%.
—— Wenli Middle School, with a three-year academic system, mainly recruits students with good grades, accounting for about 20%.
The length of the school system varies with the type of school, and students with different grades enter different types of schools and sit in the right place.
3 university system: university system for 5-6 years. All kinds of universities across the country enroll students according to their own choices and their achievements in secondary school. They do not implement the national unified entrance examination 4 vocational education system for 3-5 years.
Students who are studying at the university must complete all the courses they have completed within the prescribed time. Those who pass the examination will only take effect after being approved by the professor of the subject. The professor is responsible for his own signing. Those who pass the examination will be allowed to graduate and a qualification certificate will be issued. After the student is employed, if the employer finds that the student is unable to work, and is related to the major he is studying, there are many joint complaints from the household unit, and the graduation school education and professor signature must bear legal responsibility. All walks of life in the European Community provide students with opportunities and opportunities for internships and employment, and are fully open to students.
The state is responsible for the investment in education funds for education. Students from the national school to the university graduate, whether it is a public school or a private school, the tuition fees are the responsibility of the state, all free admission, except for students. The practice is: first, the student applies to the bank for a tuition loan, handles the loan procedure, and the bank transfers the tuition fee to the school. The tuition loan index is stipulated that each college student is 540 euros/month. After graduation, the annual student tuition loan is allocated by the state from the financial funds and returned to the bank tuition loan. The student’s living expenses are paid by the individual, and the college student’s living expenses are generally 200 Euro/month.
Second, a few revelations and experiences Through this inspection, we have a relatively intuitive and comprehensive understanding of vocational education in Western Europe, broadened our horizons and learned a lot of useful experience. I believe that there are many useful things that are worth learning and borrowing from the promotion of vocational education reform in our province and the development of vocational education in our province.
It is necessary to put vocational education in an important position.
In the decision of the central government to establish and improve the socialist market economic system, it is pointed out that economic growth should be transferred to relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of laborers. Vocational education is an important way and means to improve the quality of workers, and to cultivate talents. . It is necessary to vigorously develop vocational education, train qualified high-quality laborers, and provide intellectual support and guarantee for economic development and building a well-off society.
Reform school management.
The schools of vocational education in Western Europe only manage the school. Regardless of the logistics administration of students, such as accommodation, living, etc., the life management of students is left to the society. This management model makes better use of and integrates social resources to run schools, and forms a joint force for government education, social education, and school education. It not only reduces the investment in government education, but also helps the school to concentrate on teaching and improve the quality of teaching. At the same time, it also helps students manage themselves and develop their ability to live independently. These management models are worthy of the mirror. We can choose some vocational schools with better surrounding environment, first carry out reform pilots, and gradually improve and promote them on the basis of experience.
Strengthen professional ethics education.
Vocational education must not only impart knowledge to improve the skills of students, but also strengthen professional ethics education. In particular, China is in the transition period of economic and social development. Some negative factors and ugly phenomena in the society have brought tremendous impact and influence on the morality and values of the young people, especially the minors. Therefore, it must be strengthened. Moral education and professional ethics education play an important role in the construction of social morality. The construction of professional ethics must start from the school and start from the vocational education. It is an important way to implement the principle of "ruling the country by morality" and is the basic construction of moral construction.
Further strengthen and improve vocational education legislation.
Western European countries have put vocational education into the track of legalization, which is worth learning and borrowing. We must accelerate legislation on vocational education. Hainan Province has certain legislative powers in the SAR. The leaders of the provincial party committee and the provincial government have repeatedly stated that Hainan Province should focus its education on basic education and vocational education. It is necessary to strengthen and improve legislation from the aspects of vocational education system, funding investment, management mode, and vocational education employment market. Do a law to follow. This is an inevitable requirement for strengthening the building of the ability to govern and governing according to law.
Further reform the vocational education system, mechanism, and academic system.
First, in order to strengthen the management of vocational education in our province, the provincial government should set up a special agency responsible for the leadership and management of vocational education, mainly responsible for the leadership coordination of the vocational education work in the province, and the institutions can be set up separately or in The Department of Education has a Vocational Education Department.
Second, establish and improve the management mechanism of vocational education.
Third, reform the vocational education system.
Intensifying vocational education and investing in vocational education, relying on the legal system, relying on the system and mechanism, and relying on investment. To increase investment in vocational education, in terms of investment, two ratios must be set. First, education funds account for the proportion of local fiscal expenditures in the province. Second, vocational education accounts for the proportion of all financial education expenditures. According to the scale of vocational education and the number of students, we should adapt to the increase of financial investment in vocational education.
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