A delegation from the city to Shandong for vocational education
According to the deployment plan of Quanzhou Municipal Education Bureau, this year is the “professional construction year” of secondary vocational education in Quanzhou, in order to better promote the professional construction of secondary vocational schools in our city and improve the standard of professional service industry. Effective learning, the successful practice and advanced experience of the brothers and provinces in the professional construction, the Municipal Education Bureau organized the principals of some vocational schools in our city, and the training directors went to Qingdao, Shandong Province to conduct professional construction visits and related educational activities. The delegation visited and inspected the reform and development of vocational education, professional construction and practical training base of Shandong Light Industry Engineering School, Qingdao Modern Manufacturing Education Group, Qingdao Pingdu Vocational Education Center and Qingdao Electronic School. Construction. Through a study tour, field trips, seminars and other forms, we have a relatively comprehensive understanding of the reform and development of vocational education in Qingdao. The following report is presented on the investigation of the delegation:
Qingdao, Shandong Province is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, bordering on the Yellow Sea and surrounded by Jiaozhou Bay. The city has a total area of 11,000 square kilometers and a total population of 7.409 million. In 2005, the city's GDP reached 269.55 billion yuan. Since the reform and opening up, Qingdao has always adhered to the development of vocational education as an important measure to promote the city through science and education while implementing the strategic position of basic education. Since the "10th Five-Year Plan", vocational education in Qingdao has maintained a sustained and healthy development. At present, there are 104 secondary vocational schools in the city with 172,000 students. The high school education penetration rate is above 90c/o, and the ratio of professional employment is 51:49. Vocational colleges train more than 50,000 skilled talents for the city every year, making substantial contributions to economic and social development.
First, the government has strengthened the overall planning to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of vocational education.
The key to the sustainable and healthy development of Qingdao Vocational Education is that the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to vocational education and earnestly strengthen the leadership of the overall planning. In the course of our study and study, we clearly understand that they have focused on the following five aspects of the work in vocational education:
1. Coordinating the educational structure, promoting the coordinated development of vocational education and general education, and developing a reasonable educational structure is an important guarantee for the development of education. Vocational education has a large investment and high cost, and there is still a concept of inferior vocational education in the society. Under such circumstances, in order to maintain a reasonable educational structure and maintain the coordinated development of various types of education, especially secondary vocational education and ordinary high schools, the government must strengthen coordination and play a good role in regulating and controlling the giants. To this end, Qingdao City has proposed the "three unwavering" development of secondary vocational education, that is: adhere to the vigorous development of vocational education policy is unwavering: focus on the post-secondary diversion: the high school vocational education and general education scale is roughly equivalent Do not waver. The "three unwavering" fundamentally guarantees the development of vocational education. During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the ratio of vocational education to general education in Qingdao high school has always remained at around 1:1.
2. Coordinating funds and providing material security for vocational education. Vocational education requires a large amount of training equipment and professional teachers. Without the guarantee of financial investment, training skills is an empty talk. In order to guarantee the development of vocational education and improve the quality of vocational education, Qingdao has formulated a series of funds investment policies: from 1998 to 2004, Qingdao Municipality coordinated 8 ‰ of the employees of the city's enterprises for vocational education, and only raised funds for this purpose. It has reached 200 million yuan. After the 2002 National Vocational Education Work Conference, Qingdao Municipality immediately implemented the “20% of education surcharges for vocational education”, with an annual increase of more than 20 million yuan. In 2004, the policy of “paying the professional teaching funds of vocational schools according to the standard of 5,000 yuan per class in urban areas and 4,000 yuan per class in rural areas” was introduced. At the same time, Qingdao City also focused on coordinating training bases and teacher construction funds. This year, the Qingdao Municipal Government also plans to invest 130 million yuan. According to the idea of “government-led, school-enterprise cooperation, complementary advantages, resource sharing, market operation”, the construction of Shandong Light Industry Engineering School covers an area of 174.6 mu, involving 6 A professional large-scale modern manufacturing public training base. Since 2003, Qingdao has invested 1 million yuan each year from the municipal vocational education funds, which is specially used for the training and introduction of professional teachers.
3. Coordinating the construction of key vocational schools and backbone professionals, implementing a brand development strategy A basic experience of Qingdao's economic development is to implement brand strategy and cultivate a group of brands. Similarly, they believe that the promotion of vocational education also requires a large number of Support from famous schools and famous brands. Since 2000, Qingdao has implemented the “Double Famous Brand” project of vocational education. By strengthening the construction of famous brand schools and famous brands, it promotes the development of the school's connotation and makes a group of vocational schools bigger and stronger. At present, 44 schools in the city have been rated as key vocational schools at or above the municipal level, including 22 national key schools, 14 provincial key schools, 8 municipal key schools, and 72 majors have been rated as backbone majors; There are 15 vocational schools with more than 3,000 students.
4, coordinating urban and rural vocational education, and actively serving the "three rural"
In recent years, Qingdao has incorporated rural vocational education into the city's economic and social development plan, and strives to achieve coordinated development of urban and rural vocational education. The first is to coordinate financial support. In 2002, Qingdao Municipality listed 3 million yuan from the city's vocational education funds each year to support the development of rural cadres' vocational education. The second is to adjust the professional settings and layout of vocational schools. According to the needs of Qingdao's key development of secondary and tertiary industries, the professional setting of rural vocational schools will be matched with the economic development of the city; since 2002, some vocational schools located in townships have been withdrawn and reorganized, for some reason 40 The number has been consolidated into 24, and the average size of the school has increased from 1,500 to more than 2,500. At present, there are at least one national key vocational school and three key vocational schools above the municipal level in each county-level city. The third is to coordinate the construction of training bases for urban and rural vocational schools, and to serve the transfer of rural labor. In 23 vocational schools and 17 township adult education centers, 57,000 labor transfer workers have been established; through vocational education, 40,000 rural new laborers have become skilled talents every year.
5. Coordinate the development of vocational education groups, promote the transformation of the school-running model to make vocational education better adapt to the adjustment of industrial structure, change the independent development formed over the years, and lack the joint development model of vocational schools. Qingdao Municipality actively promotes group-based education. Promote the development of vocational education groups that take "professional school as the leader, professional as the link, school and enterprise participation by enterprises and schools, urban and rural integration, and school-school integration", and unite enterprises with schools, schools and schools. Qingdao has established two vocational education groups. First, facing the modern service industry, the “Tourism Service Industry Education Group” was established with Qingdao Tourism School as the leader, 23 tourism enterprises and 20 related vocational schools. It has formed a new school-running model that combines school-enterprise, cross-regional enrollment, and participation in international labor export market competition under market conditions. Secondly, Shandong Light Industry Engineering School led the way, and 21 companies including 27 Chinese Enterprises, Qingdao Electromechanical Company and Italian Development Corporation and 27 schools joined, and established “Qingdao Modern Manufacturing Education Group”. The group-run school has fully utilized the brand advantage of the leading schools and the equipment and capital advantages of the enterprises, and realized the complementary advantages, resource sharing, close integration and common development between the schools and enterprises. In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", Qingdao will also build other professional vocational education groups according to the needs of industrial development. For example, the electronic information vocational education group will be established. It plans to acquire 200 mu of land and invest a total of 100 million yuan. The establishment of the Vocational Education Group provides a high-level internship training platform for students in vocational schools throughout the city, effectively solving the difficulties of students' comprehensive practical skills; providing efficient and resourceful platforms for group members, such as information resource platforms, Vocational skills training and identification platform, employment communication contact platform, teacher training platform, etc.
Second, focus on the profession of the industry, give full play to the function of vocational education to serve the economy and social development.
After more than 20 years of reform and opening up and continuous industrial structure adjustment, Qingdao has formed six pillar industries of electronic communication, information appliances, chemical rubber, beverage and food, automobile and ship, and clothing. Has a number of well-known Chinese companies, such as Haier Group, Hisense Group, Qingdao Iron and Steel Holding Group, Tsingtao Brewery Co., Aucma Group, Suizhong Tobacco, Double Star Group, Qingdao Guangyuanfa Group, Liqun Group, Qingdao Port, Qingdao Construction Group, Shandong Juli Group, etc. Tsingtao Brewery has a history of 100 years of production; Haier Group is a rapidly emerging enterprise after the reform and opening up. In 2005, its global turnover reached 103.9 billion yuan; Hisense Group, Double Star Group and Aucma Group have become China's famous brands. Among them, Tsingtao Brewery, Haier Electric Appliances, Hisense Electric Appliances, Double Star Group and Aucma are the five famous brands, which are known as the five golden flowers of Qingdao's pillar industry.
Based on the characteristics of local industrial development and the low quality of laborers and the shortage of talents, it has become an increasingly important factor restricting economic and social development. Qingdao has always adhered to the principle of vigorously developing vocational education and persisted in the post. The policy of coordinated development is unwavering, integrating vocational education into the overall planning of the city's economic and social development, focusing on the characteristics of industrial development to promote the transformation of professional construction and personnel training mode, adhering to the adjustment of industrial structure, and setting and adjusting professional settings in a timely manner. . In recent years, in response to the development of emerging industries, we are actively expanding new professions, and at the same time transforming traditional professions, and subdividing the fuzzy comprehensive specialty of "computer application" into "network management and application, software and multimedia technology, graphic design, website. The development and development of a field with more practical skills; the original "agricultural" major was changed to "agricultural and animal husbandry technology project", and the "fruit forest" specialty increased the content of fruit wine brewing and fruit processing. At present, there are more than 100 professional schools in the city, covering basically all areas of economic and social development in the city. In the construction of backbone professional, we will actively carry out the functions of professional service industry, and greatly increase the secondary production specialty according to the needs of industrial development, especially for the high-tech industries such as numerical control technology, mechanical and electrical engineering, and other foreign and private enterprises. The types of jobs and positions have given greater attention and support, which has made the school-running characteristics of various vocational schools more distinct and the ability to serve economic development has been further enhanced. Focusing on the professional service industry, Qingdao has begun to explore effective ways to strengthen the personnel training function, demonstration radiation function and social service function of vocational education.
Third, vigorously promote the implementation of the "dual system" school-running model, highlight the skills-based personnel training function to provide high-quality reserve labor for economic development, is the fundamental means of vocational education service economic construction, to solve the traditional vocational education model In practice, the students who have been trained have poor hands-on skills, single skills, low comprehensive quality, and cannot adapt to the contradictions of job requirements. Since 1991, Qingdao has actively introduced and implemented the German “dual system” mode of education. The so-called “dual yuan”, “one yuan is a school, one yuan is an enterprise, and the two elements are organically combined to complete the training, training and practice of students. Sexual teaching courses account for more than 70% of the training. This is one of the most successful vocational education schools in the world with the goal of cultivating high-quality technical workers and skilled farmers, focusing on practice and focusing on enterprises. . We visited the Pingdu City Vocational Education Center, the most successful school to implement the “dual system” school-running model. The Pingdu Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to the implementation of the "dual system" school-running model. They insisted on treating this work as a kind of government behavior and corporate behavior, actively providing policy and material security, and successively established the combination of science and education and vocational education. The group and the “dual system” work coordination committee established a promotion team and hired German experts as consultants. The “dual system” school-running model has been vigorously promoted in Pingdu City and has gradually become a major feature of vocational education in the city. At present, the city's implementation of the "dual system" has increased from three to 15 in 1991, and 85% of the professionals have implemented this model. The annual enrollment capacity of related majors has increased from 288 to more than 2,500.
The combination of work and study is an effective measure for vocational education to train skilled talents: “shops are classrooms, workers are students, teachers are teachers”. At Qingdao Shandong Light Industry Engineering School, we see “work-study combination”. Teaching mode. From the second year of school, students learn theory for half a day, half-day internships, alternating work and study, and work-study, so that students have some economic subsidies while practicing, laying the foundation for the children of rural families. The school has a series of production practice training bases such as metalworking, fitter, numerical control, auto repair, welding, production lathe, etc., implements the teaching mode of combining production and education, implements the project teaching method, and classifies it according to the major of the study project. The project teaching method of workshop class-practice internship-skill operation-discussion feedback" teaches the basic knowledge of the profession in practice and reverses the professional theory with skill practice. The school and Qingdao Qingji Electromechanical Co., Ltd. cooperated with the company, the school went out of the venue, the enterprise built the factory, invested in equipment, and built a production practice base. Qingdao Qingji Electromechanical Co., Ltd. is a professional company engaged in machine tool equipment. The school cooperated with the company and invested in the establishment of the first professional CNC processing training school in Qingdao, Qingdao Qinggong CNC Processing Vocational Skills Training Center. The electromechanical company invested 3 million yuan, the government invested 5 million to build a 2,500 square meters internship training workshop, invested in 20 CNC equipment, 25 production machine tools, and 40 CNC programming microcomputers for students to conduct productive internship training. . The training center is mainly for the inside and outside of the school, facing the society, for the first-line technical staff of CNC operation, maintenance and programming urgently needed for the mechanical processing and mold manufacturing industry in Shandong Province. The school also cooperates with Qingdao CIMC Container Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The company uses the school's training base as a training base for workers. The school provides support in terms of equipment venues, teacher resources, and student capacity reserve capabilities. The company is free of charge for the school. Provide a good internship, excellent guidance technicians and a large number of training supplies, and continue to increase investment as the school develops. After the completion of the workers' recruitment base, CIMC invested in advanced equipment and technology, focusing on training students in the fields of CNC technology, welding, machinery manufacturing and control, and electromechanical technology, and realized in all levels of enterprises under the group. Human resources sharing. The completion of the recruitment base will greatly promote the development of the group on the one hand, and promote the professional construction of the school on the other hand, improve the comprehensive strength of the school, and achieve a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises.
Fourth, strengthen professional demonstrations to promote the use of urban and rural industrial structure adjustments In the past five years, Qingdao has invested more than 20 million yuan per year in the backbone of key vocational schools, forming a group of distinctive training bases. Since 2005, Qingdao has built a large-scale training base for modern manufacturing in the east coast and west coast of Jiaozhou Bay. At present, the training base on the East Coast has already taken shape, and the training base on the West Coast is being prepared. After the completion of these two bases, it will provide training opportunities for tens of thousands of students each year. In order to promote the transfer of rural labor, Qingdao has established a transfer labor training base in 23 vocational schools and 17 rural adult education centers. In the past two years, the city has used vocational adult education resources to carry out the transfer of rural labor training, which has become a catalyst for urban-rural labor transformation and has become a leader in the adjustment and upgrading of local industrial structure.
V. Adhere to employment-oriented, earnestly promote professional construction, and improve the overall level of running a school. Qingdao's vocational education attaches great importance to the market guidance role of professional construction, adheres to employment-oriented, based on professional positions, and completes the adjustment and integration of layout structure. On the basis of arranging educational resources, improving the scale of vocational schools, and maintaining the proportion of vocational education and general enrollment, Qingdao has shifted the focus of vocational education to the connotation construction of vocational schools, focusing on improving the level of professional construction and comprehensively upgrading the equipment of professional training. The level is up. Focus on teachers, equipment, professional training bases, training bases, key professional construction, and vigorously improve the conditions for running schools in vocational schools, and strengthen secondary vocational education.
Qingdao Municipality actively establishes a talent training training base and a training base construction project. The goal is to build two advanced modern manufacturing and a modern service industry skill-based training base based on national and provincial key vocational schools, 5 national level, 20 A provincial-level and 47 municipal-level backbone demonstration programs, four regional comprehensive training bases, and 18 specialized training bases have comprehensively improved vocational school training and training capabilities, and provided human resources protection for local economic construction. Encourage schools and enterprises to form education groups, and jointly establish vocational schools and enterprises as the basic conditions for the evaluation of key schools. For enterprises that actively support secondary vocational schools and achieve remarkable results, they should reduce their staff education and coordination fees. The city's vocational schools are equipped with training center cards to conduct technical training for the society. Require full-time teachers in vocational schools The university has more than 95% of the university education, among which 10% are postgraduate students, and 70% are “double-type” teachers, 40% of which are senior workers. Within three years, professional teachers must go to the enterprise rotation training once, and obtain the qualification of “Double Teacher” through the research and verification. Many professional teachers have obtained the professional qualification certificates of professional technicians and above, and prioritize the main professional teachers to the corresponding institutions at home and abroad. Enterprises conduct training.
The vocational schools in Qingdao also attach great importance to the construction of internship training bases and places inside and outside the school, and the internship equipment can meet the professional internship conditions of students. It is equipped with the most advanced equipment, implements the perfect "dual system" teaching mode, and implements the skill training mode of "the combination of workshop and classroom, the combination of teachers and teachers, the integration of students and apprentices, the integration of products and works, and the integration of teaching materials and machines". Each major of the school can build a professional internship training workshop or production-oriented enterprise according to the social production practice and the skill requirements of the professional post. The school combines the needs of professional construction, organizes the industry around the profession, and runs the industry to promote the profession. Five school-enterprise enterprises combining production and education, such as auto repair, clothing, fruit processing, animal husbandry, meat and dairy food processing, promote “knowledge teaching – workshop training – skill practice – mentoring discussion – summary feedback "The linkage teaching mode." Graduates do not need secondary training before they can be employed, and they can go directly to work.
According to the characteristics of industrial structure, Qingdao Modern Manufacturing Education Group builds a talent support platform for the development of manufacturing and service industries. First, it focuses on building vocational education groups and professional training public training bases and practical training bases. The construction of the training base has been included in the 10 key facts handled by the municipal government in 2006. The investment scale of the professional facilities of the whole base is about 130 million yuan, the average number of professional students is more than 1,000, and the annual number of social training is 1500. More than 10,000 people have completed the training of middle and senior vocational qualifications through the training base. The construction of the training base is operated by the market mechanism, and enterprises, industries and scientific research units are encouraged to participate in the construction and management of the training base. The second is to develop clusters of cluster economic services, and to train skilled talents for the cluster industry of Qingdao, such as “Electronic City”, “China Brand Capital” and “China Manufacturing Base”, through several years of efforts. It has basically formed a cluster professional that comprehensively covers the industrial economy of Qingdao cluster. Nowadays, the school has formed a professional cluster with mechanical engineering, automobile maintenance and numerical control technology as the main line, and better cultivates practical technical talents for Qingdao's industrial development. The third is to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. There are mainly “order-based” training. In 2005, the cooperation rate between urban and rural vocational schools was over 90%. “Orders” were signed with more than 70 enterprises and industries. Students graduated directly after choosing employment. Enterprises established internship bases and hired enterprises. The technical backbone is the professional skill teacher of the school; the professional teachers go to the enterprise to work and exercise, and apply the advanced concepts and techniques of the enterprise to the course teaching.
Qingdao and Quanzhou are both coastal open cities, and there are many similarities in economic and social development. In particular, Qingdao's population and economic aggregate are very close to Quanzhou. In the past few years, their vocational education has risen from the bottom to the rapid rise, benefiting from economic development, government and society's attention and support, and the continuous deepening of vocational education reform. In the process of reform and development, many policy measures and accumulations have been adopted. Experience is worth learning and borrowing. In the study and exchange, we also learned a lot of advanced school ideas, school management experience and school development ideas, which are very beneficial for us to improve the school management level and quality of school.
Qingdao, Shandong Province is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, bordering on the Yellow Sea and surrounded by Jiaozhou Bay. The city has a total area of 11,000 square kilometers and a total population of 7.409 million. In 2005, the city's GDP reached 269.55 billion yuan. Since the reform and opening up, Qingdao has always adhered to the development of vocational education as an important measure to promote the city through science and education while implementing the strategic position of basic education. Since the "10th Five-Year Plan", vocational education in Qingdao has maintained a sustained and healthy development. At present, there are 104 secondary vocational schools in the city with 172,000 students. The high school education penetration rate is above 90c/o, and the ratio of professional employment is 51:49. Vocational colleges train more than 50,000 skilled talents for the city every year, making substantial contributions to economic and social development.
First, the government has strengthened the overall planning to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of vocational education.
The key to the sustainable and healthy development of Qingdao Vocational Education is that the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to vocational education and earnestly strengthen the leadership of the overall planning. In the course of our study and study, we clearly understand that they have focused on the following five aspects of the work in vocational education:
1. Coordinating the educational structure, promoting the coordinated development of vocational education and general education, and developing a reasonable educational structure is an important guarantee for the development of education. Vocational education has a large investment and high cost, and there is still a concept of inferior vocational education in the society. Under such circumstances, in order to maintain a reasonable educational structure and maintain the coordinated development of various types of education, especially secondary vocational education and ordinary high schools, the government must strengthen coordination and play a good role in regulating and controlling the giants. To this end, Qingdao City has proposed the "three unwavering" development of secondary vocational education, that is: adhere to the vigorous development of vocational education policy is unwavering: focus on the post-secondary diversion: the high school vocational education and general education scale is roughly equivalent Do not waver. The "three unwavering" fundamentally guarantees the development of vocational education. During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the ratio of vocational education to general education in Qingdao high school has always remained at around 1:1.
2. Coordinating funds and providing material security for vocational education. Vocational education requires a large amount of training equipment and professional teachers. Without the guarantee of financial investment, training skills is an empty talk. In order to guarantee the development of vocational education and improve the quality of vocational education, Qingdao has formulated a series of funds investment policies: from 1998 to 2004, Qingdao Municipality coordinated 8 ‰ of the employees of the city's enterprises for vocational education, and only raised funds for this purpose. It has reached 200 million yuan. After the 2002 National Vocational Education Work Conference, Qingdao Municipality immediately implemented the “20% of education surcharges for vocational education”, with an annual increase of more than 20 million yuan. In 2004, the policy of “paying the professional teaching funds of vocational schools according to the standard of 5,000 yuan per class in urban areas and 4,000 yuan per class in rural areas” was introduced. At the same time, Qingdao City also focused on coordinating training bases and teacher construction funds. This year, the Qingdao Municipal Government also plans to invest 130 million yuan. According to the idea of “government-led, school-enterprise cooperation, complementary advantages, resource sharing, market operation”, the construction of Shandong Light Industry Engineering School covers an area of 174.6 mu, involving 6 A professional large-scale modern manufacturing public training base. Since 2003, Qingdao has invested 1 million yuan each year from the municipal vocational education funds, which is specially used for the training and introduction of professional teachers.
3. Coordinating the construction of key vocational schools and backbone professionals, implementing a brand development strategy A basic experience of Qingdao's economic development is to implement brand strategy and cultivate a group of brands. Similarly, they believe that the promotion of vocational education also requires a large number of Support from famous schools and famous brands. Since 2000, Qingdao has implemented the “Double Famous Brand” project of vocational education. By strengthening the construction of famous brand schools and famous brands, it promotes the development of the school's connotation and makes a group of vocational schools bigger and stronger. At present, 44 schools in the city have been rated as key vocational schools at or above the municipal level, including 22 national key schools, 14 provincial key schools, 8 municipal key schools, and 72 majors have been rated as backbone majors; There are 15 vocational schools with more than 3,000 students.
4, coordinating urban and rural vocational education, and actively serving the "three rural"
In recent years, Qingdao has incorporated rural vocational education into the city's economic and social development plan, and strives to achieve coordinated development of urban and rural vocational education. The first is to coordinate financial support. In 2002, Qingdao Municipality listed 3 million yuan from the city's vocational education funds each year to support the development of rural cadres' vocational education. The second is to adjust the professional settings and layout of vocational schools. According to the needs of Qingdao's key development of secondary and tertiary industries, the professional setting of rural vocational schools will be matched with the economic development of the city; since 2002, some vocational schools located in townships have been withdrawn and reorganized, for some reason 40 The number has been consolidated into 24, and the average size of the school has increased from 1,500 to more than 2,500. At present, there are at least one national key vocational school and three key vocational schools above the municipal level in each county-level city. The third is to coordinate the construction of training bases for urban and rural vocational schools, and to serve the transfer of rural labor. In 23 vocational schools and 17 township adult education centers, 57,000 labor transfer workers have been established; through vocational education, 40,000 rural new laborers have become skilled talents every year.
5. Coordinate the development of vocational education groups, promote the transformation of the school-running model to make vocational education better adapt to the adjustment of industrial structure, change the independent development formed over the years, and lack the joint development model of vocational schools. Qingdao Municipality actively promotes group-based education. Promote the development of vocational education groups that take "professional school as the leader, professional as the link, school and enterprise participation by enterprises and schools, urban and rural integration, and school-school integration", and unite enterprises with schools, schools and schools. Qingdao has established two vocational education groups. First, facing the modern service industry, the “Tourism Service Industry Education Group” was established with Qingdao Tourism School as the leader, 23 tourism enterprises and 20 related vocational schools. It has formed a new school-running model that combines school-enterprise, cross-regional enrollment, and participation in international labor export market competition under market conditions. Secondly, Shandong Light Industry Engineering School led the way, and 21 companies including 27 Chinese Enterprises, Qingdao Electromechanical Company and Italian Development Corporation and 27 schools joined, and established “Qingdao Modern Manufacturing Education Group”. The group-run school has fully utilized the brand advantage of the leading schools and the equipment and capital advantages of the enterprises, and realized the complementary advantages, resource sharing, close integration and common development between the schools and enterprises. In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", Qingdao will also build other professional vocational education groups according to the needs of industrial development. For example, the electronic information vocational education group will be established. It plans to acquire 200 mu of land and invest a total of 100 million yuan. The establishment of the Vocational Education Group provides a high-level internship training platform for students in vocational schools throughout the city, effectively solving the difficulties of students' comprehensive practical skills; providing efficient and resourceful platforms for group members, such as information resource platforms, Vocational skills training and identification platform, employment communication contact platform, teacher training platform, etc.
Second, focus on the profession of the industry, give full play to the function of vocational education to serve the economy and social development.
After more than 20 years of reform and opening up and continuous industrial structure adjustment, Qingdao has formed six pillar industries of electronic communication, information appliances, chemical rubber, beverage and food, automobile and ship, and clothing. Has a number of well-known Chinese companies, such as Haier Group, Hisense Group, Qingdao Iron and Steel Holding Group, Tsingtao Brewery Co., Aucma Group, Suizhong Tobacco, Double Star Group, Qingdao Guangyuanfa Group, Liqun Group, Qingdao Port, Qingdao Construction Group, Shandong Juli Group, etc. Tsingtao Brewery has a history of 100 years of production; Haier Group is a rapidly emerging enterprise after the reform and opening up. In 2005, its global turnover reached 103.9 billion yuan; Hisense Group, Double Star Group and Aucma Group have become China's famous brands. Among them, Tsingtao Brewery, Haier Electric Appliances, Hisense Electric Appliances, Double Star Group and Aucma are the five famous brands, which are known as the five golden flowers of Qingdao's pillar industry.
Based on the characteristics of local industrial development and the low quality of laborers and the shortage of talents, it has become an increasingly important factor restricting economic and social development. Qingdao has always adhered to the principle of vigorously developing vocational education and persisted in the post. The policy of coordinated development is unwavering, integrating vocational education into the overall planning of the city's economic and social development, focusing on the characteristics of industrial development to promote the transformation of professional construction and personnel training mode, adhering to the adjustment of industrial structure, and setting and adjusting professional settings in a timely manner. . In recent years, in response to the development of emerging industries, we are actively expanding new professions, and at the same time transforming traditional professions, and subdividing the fuzzy comprehensive specialty of "computer application" into "network management and application, software and multimedia technology, graphic design, website. The development and development of a field with more practical skills; the original "agricultural" major was changed to "agricultural and animal husbandry technology project", and the "fruit forest" specialty increased the content of fruit wine brewing and fruit processing. At present, there are more than 100 professional schools in the city, covering basically all areas of economic and social development in the city. In the construction of backbone professional, we will actively carry out the functions of professional service industry, and greatly increase the secondary production specialty according to the needs of industrial development, especially for the high-tech industries such as numerical control technology, mechanical and electrical engineering, and other foreign and private enterprises. The types of jobs and positions have given greater attention and support, which has made the school-running characteristics of various vocational schools more distinct and the ability to serve economic development has been further enhanced. Focusing on the professional service industry, Qingdao has begun to explore effective ways to strengthen the personnel training function, demonstration radiation function and social service function of vocational education.
Third, vigorously promote the implementation of the "dual system" school-running model, highlight the skills-based personnel training function to provide high-quality reserve labor for economic development, is the fundamental means of vocational education service economic construction, to solve the traditional vocational education model In practice, the students who have been trained have poor hands-on skills, single skills, low comprehensive quality, and cannot adapt to the contradictions of job requirements. Since 1991, Qingdao has actively introduced and implemented the German “dual system” mode of education. The so-called “dual yuan”, “one yuan is a school, one yuan is an enterprise, and the two elements are organically combined to complete the training, training and practice of students. Sexual teaching courses account for more than 70% of the training. This is one of the most successful vocational education schools in the world with the goal of cultivating high-quality technical workers and skilled farmers, focusing on practice and focusing on enterprises. . We visited the Pingdu City Vocational Education Center, the most successful school to implement the “dual system” school-running model. The Pingdu Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to the implementation of the "dual system" school-running model. They insisted on treating this work as a kind of government behavior and corporate behavior, actively providing policy and material security, and successively established the combination of science and education and vocational education. The group and the “dual system” work coordination committee established a promotion team and hired German experts as consultants. The “dual system” school-running model has been vigorously promoted in Pingdu City and has gradually become a major feature of vocational education in the city. At present, the city's implementation of the "dual system" has increased from three to 15 in 1991, and 85% of the professionals have implemented this model. The annual enrollment capacity of related majors has increased from 288 to more than 2,500.
The combination of work and study is an effective measure for vocational education to train skilled talents: “shops are classrooms, workers are students, teachers are teachers”. At Qingdao Shandong Light Industry Engineering School, we see “work-study combination”. Teaching mode. From the second year of school, students learn theory for half a day, half-day internships, alternating work and study, and work-study, so that students have some economic subsidies while practicing, laying the foundation for the children of rural families. The school has a series of production practice training bases such as metalworking, fitter, numerical control, auto repair, welding, production lathe, etc., implements the teaching mode of combining production and education, implements the project teaching method, and classifies it according to the major of the study project. The project teaching method of workshop class-practice internship-skill operation-discussion feedback" teaches the basic knowledge of the profession in practice and reverses the professional theory with skill practice. The school and Qingdao Qingji Electromechanical Co., Ltd. cooperated with the company, the school went out of the venue, the enterprise built the factory, invested in equipment, and built a production practice base. Qingdao Qingji Electromechanical Co., Ltd. is a professional company engaged in machine tool equipment. The school cooperated with the company and invested in the establishment of the first professional CNC processing training school in Qingdao, Qingdao Qinggong CNC Processing Vocational Skills Training Center. The electromechanical company invested 3 million yuan, the government invested 5 million to build a 2,500 square meters internship training workshop, invested in 20 CNC equipment, 25 production machine tools, and 40 CNC programming microcomputers for students to conduct productive internship training. . The training center is mainly for the inside and outside of the school, facing the society, for the first-line technical staff of CNC operation, maintenance and programming urgently needed for the mechanical processing and mold manufacturing industry in Shandong Province. The school also cooperates with Qingdao CIMC Container Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The company uses the school's training base as a training base for workers. The school provides support in terms of equipment venues, teacher resources, and student capacity reserve capabilities. The company is free of charge for the school. Provide a good internship, excellent guidance technicians and a large number of training supplies, and continue to increase investment as the school develops. After the completion of the workers' recruitment base, CIMC invested in advanced equipment and technology, focusing on training students in the fields of CNC technology, welding, machinery manufacturing and control, and electromechanical technology, and realized in all levels of enterprises under the group. Human resources sharing. The completion of the recruitment base will greatly promote the development of the group on the one hand, and promote the professional construction of the school on the other hand, improve the comprehensive strength of the school, and achieve a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises.
Fourth, strengthen professional demonstrations to promote the use of urban and rural industrial structure adjustments In the past five years, Qingdao has invested more than 20 million yuan per year in the backbone of key vocational schools, forming a group of distinctive training bases. Since 2005, Qingdao has built a large-scale training base for modern manufacturing in the east coast and west coast of Jiaozhou Bay. At present, the training base on the East Coast has already taken shape, and the training base on the West Coast is being prepared. After the completion of these two bases, it will provide training opportunities for tens of thousands of students each year. In order to promote the transfer of rural labor, Qingdao has established a transfer labor training base in 23 vocational schools and 17 rural adult education centers. In the past two years, the city has used vocational adult education resources to carry out the transfer of rural labor training, which has become a catalyst for urban-rural labor transformation and has become a leader in the adjustment and upgrading of local industrial structure.
V. Adhere to employment-oriented, earnestly promote professional construction, and improve the overall level of running a school. Qingdao's vocational education attaches great importance to the market guidance role of professional construction, adheres to employment-oriented, based on professional positions, and completes the adjustment and integration of layout structure. On the basis of arranging educational resources, improving the scale of vocational schools, and maintaining the proportion of vocational education and general enrollment, Qingdao has shifted the focus of vocational education to the connotation construction of vocational schools, focusing on improving the level of professional construction and comprehensively upgrading the equipment of professional training. The level is up. Focus on teachers, equipment, professional training bases, training bases, key professional construction, and vigorously improve the conditions for running schools in vocational schools, and strengthen secondary vocational education.
Qingdao Municipality actively establishes a talent training training base and a training base construction project. The goal is to build two advanced modern manufacturing and a modern service industry skill-based training base based on national and provincial key vocational schools, 5 national level, 20 A provincial-level and 47 municipal-level backbone demonstration programs, four regional comprehensive training bases, and 18 specialized training bases have comprehensively improved vocational school training and training capabilities, and provided human resources protection for local economic construction. Encourage schools and enterprises to form education groups, and jointly establish vocational schools and enterprises as the basic conditions for the evaluation of key schools. For enterprises that actively support secondary vocational schools and achieve remarkable results, they should reduce their staff education and coordination fees. The city's vocational schools are equipped with training center cards to conduct technical training for the society. Require full-time teachers in vocational schools The university has more than 95% of the university education, among which 10% are postgraduate students, and 70% are “double-type” teachers, 40% of which are senior workers. Within three years, professional teachers must go to the enterprise rotation training once, and obtain the qualification of “Double Teacher” through the research and verification. Many professional teachers have obtained the professional qualification certificates of professional technicians and above, and prioritize the main professional teachers to the corresponding institutions at home and abroad. Enterprises conduct training.
The vocational schools in Qingdao also attach great importance to the construction of internship training bases and places inside and outside the school, and the internship equipment can meet the professional internship conditions of students. It is equipped with the most advanced equipment, implements the perfect "dual system" teaching mode, and implements the skill training mode of "the combination of workshop and classroom, the combination of teachers and teachers, the integration of students and apprentices, the integration of products and works, and the integration of teaching materials and machines". Each major of the school can build a professional internship training workshop or production-oriented enterprise according to the social production practice and the skill requirements of the professional post. The school combines the needs of professional construction, organizes the industry around the profession, and runs the industry to promote the profession. Five school-enterprise enterprises combining production and education, such as auto repair, clothing, fruit processing, animal husbandry, meat and dairy food processing, promote “knowledge teaching – workshop training – skill practice – mentoring discussion – summary feedback "The linkage teaching mode." Graduates do not need secondary training before they can be employed, and they can go directly to work.
According to the characteristics of industrial structure, Qingdao Modern Manufacturing Education Group builds a talent support platform for the development of manufacturing and service industries. First, it focuses on building vocational education groups and professional training public training bases and practical training bases. The construction of the training base has been included in the 10 key facts handled by the municipal government in 2006. The investment scale of the professional facilities of the whole base is about 130 million yuan, the average number of professional students is more than 1,000, and the annual number of social training is 1500. More than 10,000 people have completed the training of middle and senior vocational qualifications through the training base. The construction of the training base is operated by the market mechanism, and enterprises, industries and scientific research units are encouraged to participate in the construction and management of the training base. The second is to develop clusters of cluster economic services, and to train skilled talents for the cluster industry of Qingdao, such as “Electronic City”, “China Brand Capital” and “China Manufacturing Base”, through several years of efforts. It has basically formed a cluster professional that comprehensively covers the industrial economy of Qingdao cluster. Nowadays, the school has formed a professional cluster with mechanical engineering, automobile maintenance and numerical control technology as the main line, and better cultivates practical technical talents for Qingdao's industrial development. The third is to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. There are mainly “order-based” training. In 2005, the cooperation rate between urban and rural vocational schools was over 90%. “Orders” were signed with more than 70 enterprises and industries. Students graduated directly after choosing employment. Enterprises established internship bases and hired enterprises. The technical backbone is the professional skill teacher of the school; the professional teachers go to the enterprise to work and exercise, and apply the advanced concepts and techniques of the enterprise to the course teaching.
Qingdao and Quanzhou are both coastal open cities, and there are many similarities in economic and social development. In particular, Qingdao's population and economic aggregate are very close to Quanzhou. In the past few years, their vocational education has risen from the bottom to the rapid rise, benefiting from economic development, government and society's attention and support, and the continuous deepening of vocational education reform. In the process of reform and development, many policy measures and accumulations have been adopted. Experience is worth learning and borrowing. In the study and exchange, we also learned a lot of advanced school ideas, school management experience and school development ideas, which are very beneficial for us to improve the school management level and quality of school.
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