Wheat production technology summary

This year's wheat production in this city, under the unfavorable situation of severe drought that has not been encountered for many years in the winter and spring, the occurrence of pests and diseases in the middle stage, and the heavy rain during the harvest period, through the joint efforts of the masses of the masses in the city, it is difficult to attack the hardships. Winning the three major battles of drought-resistant seedlings, blocking pests and diseases, and "longkou grabbing grain" have achieved a good harvest. Although the yield increase is not large compared with last year, it is not easy to obtain such output in the year of disaster. It has gathered the hard work and sweat of the masses of cadres and agricultural science and technology personnel in the city. Under the background of the world economic crisis, Dengzhou City has a more meaningful summer harvest this year, and has made positive contributions to maintaining social stability and ensuring national food security. The purpose of harvest, agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. It is summarized as follows:

I. Analysis of wheat production situation

According to the survey of agricultural production by the Agricultural Technology Center, the city's actual harvested wheat area was 2.08 million mu this year, which was slightly higher than last year. The average yield per mu was 383.8 kg, and the total output reached 7,983,400 kg, achieving a bumper harvest of summer crops for six consecutive years, compared with the previous year. The average yield increased by 2.9 kilograms, an increase of 0.76%, and the total output increased by 6.032 million kilograms, an increase of 0.77%. From the three factors of production, this year, the number of wheat ears is 340,000, the number of grains per ear is 31.1, and the weight of 1000 grains is 42.7 grams. Compared with last year's 338,000, 30.5 and 43.47 grams, it has a "two increase and one decrease" trend. That is, the population increased by 0.2 million heads, the number of grains per ear increased by 0.6, and the weight of 1000 grains decreased by 0.77 grams.

Second, the city's wheat production this year can achieve such a good harvest in the drought year, thanks to the following aspects:

1. The implementation of a number of preferential agricultural policies in the country has fully mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers for growing grain. In recent years, with the country's direct grain supplement, improved seed subsidies, formula fertilization, standard grain field construction, agricultural comprehensive development, land management, comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, agricultural machinery subsidies, protection price acquisition, and other agricultural support and agricultural policies and projects The implementation of the peasants' grain enthusiasm has been further improved, the wheat planting area has increased steadily, and the production input and field management have been further strengthened. Under the severe weather conditions of more than 100 days of drought in winter and spring last year, the good varieties have been effectively promoted. Improvements in supporting and production environments have laid a good foundation for this year's wheat production.

2. Leaders at all levels attach great importance to supervision, and the supervision is effective. The functional departments cooperate with the action and provide organizational guarantee for wheat production. During the autumn wheat harvest last year, in order to ensure timely planting, the foundation of the wheat planting was strengthened. The municipal party committee and the municipal government successively held a video conference on autumn harvest and autumn, and a wheat planting work conference. We will do a good job in the implementation of various wheat planting measures and complete the wheat planting work with high quality. After the wheat planting, especially since the drought began to appear at the end of November and early December of last year, the Dengzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attached great importance to it. In order to build the core area of ​​Dengzhou's main grain production, many township and agriculture-related departments were held to hold drought-resistant wheat-growing work conferences. In order to make precautions, the leaders of the city led the team to inspect and supervise the drought-resistant wheat-growing work in various towns and villages, and introduced various preferential policies to support drought-resistant wheat-growing work, such as financial subsidies for farmers to pour wheat, and purchase watering machinery. Subsidies, comprehensive direct subsidies will be issued in advance to ensure low-cost drought-resistant oil and electricity use, and the flood irrigation area will be opened and flooded. The radio station will vigorously promote the advanced models of drought resistance, and coordinate agriculture, supply and marketing, water conservancy, agricultural machinery, meteorology, electricity, and petroleum. And other departments, cooperate with each other, form a joint force, give full play to their functions, actively support drought-resistance work, and ensure the smooth progress of wheat production.

3. Technical services are in place to provide strong technical support for wheat production. In the critical period of wheat seeding, sowing, management, etc., we timely organized agricultural technicians, went deep into the countryside, farmers and fields, guided nearly 100 sessions on the spot, held 34 special training sessions, trained more than 15,000 farmers, and held TV lectures. More than 10 issues, more than 50 agricultural newsletters, more than 100,000 copies of technical materials, more than 300 people in the 50-stage lobby service consultation, multi-channel, multi-angle to provide comprehensive technical services to farmers, truly high-yield, high-efficiency cultivation of wheat and The anti-reverse production technology is sent to farmers and implemented into wheat production. In the process of wheat production, in response to the different problems encountered in different growth stages of wheat, we timely organized technical personnel, earnestly carried out investigations and studies, and put forward technical management opinions in a timely manner, which provided a reference for leading scientific decision-making and directing wheat production. During the severe drought of wheat in winter and spring, the Agricultural Technology Center organized soil and fertilizer experts to regularly test the wet conditions, issued 10 drought-resistance briefings according to the conditions of the seedlings and drought, and 36 new drought-resistant technical brief messages, and organized all technical personnel to form 12 technical services. The group went deep into the fields and scientifically guided the people to adopt new technologies and new measures to save water, save time, save energy, and to pour life-saving water and high-yield water. For example, in the middle and late stages of wheat growth, we organized 26 technicians for the growth and quality of wheat, and organized 26 technicians to conduct on-the-spot investigations four times to closely monitor the occurrence of rust and midges, and timely propose prevention and control measures. Provide reference for scientific decision-making and early prevention and control of pests and diseases.

4. The establishment of demonstration samples provides a typical guiding effect for wheat production. This year, with the municipal government as the overall leader, in the townships such as Yaodian and Sangzhuang, the demonstration project of 10,000 mu of high-yield wheat was established. At the same time, the agriculture-related departments were built in the 26 main wheat-producing towns and towns of the city, and built a total of 10,000, thousand and 100. There are 126 different types of wheat demonstration model fields, covering an area of ​​more than 250,000 mu. The demonstration party will give full play to resources and technical advantages, and vigorously promote new varieties around high-yield food production, grain production increase, high-yield establishment, exploration mode and service guidance. , new technologies and new achievements to promote the scale, mechanization and intensification of grain production. Such as Yaodian Township, Sangzhuang Town Demonstration Party, especially the 100-mu demonstration party of Heilong Village in Yaodian Township, adopting “six unification”, standardizing and effectively implementing key measures and achieving higher output. According to the on-site test of the provincial agricultural team on the morning of May 19, the 100-mu demonstration party covers an area of ​​132 mu, with a population of 434,000, a grain of 37 grains, a weight of 40 grams, and a yield of 579.5 kilograms per 85%. On May 31, the expert group of Dengzhou Agriculture Bureau once again measured the field and produced 584.9 kilograms per mu. It played a good demonstration role and was highly evaluated by the provincial and municipal leaders. On May 21, the provincial wheat experts Hu Tingji and Zhang Shiying The delegation was accompanied by leading comrades of Nanyang Municipal Party Committee Huang Xingwei and Dengzhou Municipal Party Committee Secretary Liu Chaorui to the demonstration site to observe and inspect, and fully affirmed and praised. On May 23, the demonstration of the entire Nanyang City demonstration party was held in Dengzhou. Zhenping County, a brother county, organized the leaders of the township party committee secretary and the agricultural bureau to come to Dengzhou to observe the construction of the wheat demonstration party. Leaders and comrades are all amazed at the high output of Dengzhou City's 10,000-mu demonstration. [Wheat Production Technology Summary] List of related articles:
· Summary of year-end technical work · Summary of technical work of power supply limited liability company · Summary of business technology work · Summary of professional technical work · Summary of professional technical work of Construction Co., Ltd. · Summary of professional technical work · Summary of work of Science and Technology Industry Management Department · Year-end of technical personnel Work summary
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5. Implement major technical measures, strengthen production management, and lay a solid foundation for wheat production.

1. The extensive application of large-scale land preparation and harvesting machinery has improved the quality and efficiency of land preparation and harvesting. It has created conditions for timely and suitable wet seeding and harvesting, and won the initiative. This year, the area of ​​machine-cultivating machine accounts for 98%, and the area of ​​machine-casting accounts for 98%. 70%, the machine-receiving area accounts for more than 90%, which is suitable for timely sowing of wheat, ensuring that the whole seedlings are fully planted and the harvesting of the “Longkou to grab the grain” provides effective protection.

2. The widespread use of excellent varieties is an intrinsic factor in the increase of wheat production this year. With the further implementation of the national fine seed subsidy policy, the coverage of fine varieties in the city is further improved, and excellent varieties with early maturity, high quality and strong resistance, such as Zheng Mai 9023, Yumai 70-36, 04 in 36, and Yanzhan 4110 accounted for more than 90%, of which 9023 accounted for more than 60%, Yumai 70-36 accounted for 15%, and 04 of 36 accounted for 5%, effectively playing an excellent role. At the same time of vigorously promoting the leading varieties, we actively introduce new varieties with demonstrations, such as Zhengmai 366 and Yunong 202, which provide reference for the optimization of the structure of wheat in Dengzhou. in accordance with.

3. The implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization projects provides a basis for scientific fertilization. This year, according to the results of soil testing in recent years, Dengzhou Agricultural Technology Center has formulated practical fertilization formulas for different soil types in the city, and distributed more than 100,000 copies of fertilization cards. Farmers fertilize according to the side, not only improve the output, improve the quality, but also save the fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of saving costs. For example, Liuji Town, Shanpo Village, a thousand acres of formula fertilization demonstration, the average yield of 527.5 kg, waist shop Heilongjiang formula fertilization model field 132 acres, an average yield of 584.9 kg, than the city's average output of 383.8 kg, acre increased by 201.1 kg, an increase of 52.4% According to the sample survey, the city's formula fertilization area is 1.98 million mu, accounting for 95% of the wheat planting area. Among them, the precision formula area is 200,000 mu, and the average yield is 465 kg. The average yield per mu is 397 kg per mu. In kilograms, the yield increased by 17.1%, and the cost-effective effect of formula fertilization was very significant.

4. Strengthen forecasting and forecasting, scientifically comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. This year, we focused on the following key links: First, during the wheat sowing period, we popularized the technology of seed coating, chemical dressing, soil treatment, etc., with an area of ​​more than 1.8 million mu, which not only effectively controlled the harm of underground pests. Reduced the number of pests and diseases, and balanced ecological effects. The second is to pay close attention to the prevention and control of weeds in the winter before the winter and the early spring wheat weeds. In addition to 1.9 million mu, the wheat field has accounted for about 90% of the area to be protected, effectively solving the problem of weeds and wheat seedlings competing for water and fertilizer. It has played a very good role in promoting drought resistance and seedling protection this year. The third is to pay close attention to the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases based on larvae, stripe rust and aphids. Thanks to the effective control measures, the occurrence and development of pests and diseases have been effectively controlled, the losses have been alleviated, and conditions have been created for the normal growth of wheat.

5, based on drought-resistant seedlings, strengthen the management of wheat fields, escort for high-yield years of drought. This year, in response to the weather conditions of winter and spring drought, the wheat field management was carried out mainly by drought-resistant wheat, combined with cultivating, chemical weeding, disease prevention and pest control. In the drought-resistant wheat-growing stage, the city excavated all available water sources, manpower and Mechanical power, do your best to expand the watering area. There are about 1.3 million mu of water for drought resistance, and about 450,000 mu of water is poured over two times to ensure that the drought does not reduce production. Drought-resistant wheat has achieved remarkable results. According to the survey, the yield of watering and unirrigated wheat fields varies greatly. For example, Zhang Shaobin, a farmer from Xiaodian Village, Wenqu Township, has poured two times of water into the wheat. According to the measured yield, the yield per mu is as high as 591.8 kg. The wheat field in the neighboring area was not poured with water, and the yield per mu was only 332.0 kg. The water that was poured twice was 259.8 kg more than the unwatered per mu, and the yield increased by 78.3%. Another example: Lupuhu, Lilou Village, Zhangcun Town, 1.5 acres of wheat poured over the water, yielding 463.8 kilograms per mu, while the 5 acres of wheat in the same village Liu Dezhong did not pour a water, the yield per mu was only 224.8 kilograms, pouring water more than unwatered The yield per mu was 239 kg, and the yield increased by 106.7%. The effect of watering production was very significant, which provided a good example for the people to call for drought-resistant wheat.

2. Analysis of agricultural meteorological conditions during wheat growth period

According to the main meteorological factors of light, temperature and precipitation, the effective accumulated temperature above 0 °C is 2517.3 °C, precipitation is 303.4 mm, illumination is 993.5 hours, and it is 2221 °C and 275 mm required for normal growth of wheat in our region. Compared with 1100 hours, the accumulated temperature is 296.3 °C, the precipitation is 28.4mm, and the illumination is less than 106.5 hours. From the perspective of time and space distribution, there are both advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantages are greater than the benefits, especially the precipitation distribution is extremely unbalanced, showing less in the early stage and more in the later stage. The phenomenon of precipitation from the emergence of the seedling to the jointing stage is very small. From October 23, 2010 to February 7, 2009, the total rainfall is less than 11mm, and the winter and spring droughts that have not happened for many years have been encountered. On May 27 and 28, the rainfall reached 83.5mm, which caused most of the wheat field to germinate in the city, which caused serious losses to the wheat production in our city. The specific analysis is as follows:

1, Tengjiao - site preparation stage

At this stage, the precipitation is 10.5mm, the accumulated temperature is 375.2°C, the sunshine hours are 48.3 hours, the rain is more, the temperature is not high, the light is insufficient, and it is not good for harvesting and drying the autumn crops, but it is suitable for people's field work, which is conducive to speed up the harvesting process and prepare for the wheat planting. Accumulate a certain amount of wetness.

2, soil preparation - sowing stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 406.9 °C, the precipitation is 39.8mm, and the light hours are 89.4 hours. There are many sunny days and less rainy days, but the rainfall is concentrated. Especially in October 20-22, the city has a wet and humid rain with a rainfall of 38.6mm. Land preparation and sowing have created good conditions. According to the survey, most of the fields in our city are concentrated in sowing around October 25, suitable for wet sowing. Because the bottom is wet enough, the whole seedling is fully planted, and the wheat sowing foundation is better. The whole city's wheat seedlings are well-balanced, and the early seedlings are the best year in recent years, creating a condition to alleviate the wintering drought to a certain extent.

3, emergence - winter stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 369°C, the precipitation is 5.5mm, the illumination time is 221.9 hours, the temperature is high, the rainfall is less, the sunny days are more, the windy days are more, the soil is dehydrated faster, the whole wheat field in the city has serious drought, and some wheat fields appear more Serious yellow seedling death phenomenon. However, the drought in the wheat field gradually appeared in the end of November and early December. At this time, the peak of the first tiller of wheat is about to end. The total number of stems of most wheat fields before wintering has reached or near the same period of the year, and most of them are large tillers, and the seedling period is appropriate. Drought is also conducive to the deep rooting of the roots and enhance the drought resistance and resilience of the plants. Therefore, the wheat field with good seeding base and later watering has little effect on the group, even more than last year, but some of the land preparation quality is poor and the planting is late. Although there are no irrigated conditions, the dryness of the plot is heavy, but this type of wheat field tends to have a large amount of sowing, and the main stem is spiked. The larger amount of sowing has offset the shortcomings of low tillering rate caused by drought. And because the main stems are spiked, the number of kernels per spike, and the 1000-grain weight are not low, the yield is not greatly affected.

4, wintering - rejuvenation stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 157.7 °C, the precipitation is 4.2 mm, the illumination time is 190.5 hours, the precipitation is still less, the drought is still developing, and the wheat seedlings continue to deteriorate. The Party Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee, and the provincial government attached great importance to it. The municipal party committee and the municipal government mobilized and arranged the organization carefully, and the local governments made great efforts to implement it, and quickly set off a climax of wheat field management with drought-resistant and wheat-growing harvest, with a watering area of ​​1.3 million mu. about.

5, return to green - jointing stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 240.2 °C, the precipitation is 16.2 mm, and the light is 75.4 hours. On February 8, 16, 17, 26, and March 2, there is obvious precipitation, and even the rain is small, and the drought-resistant wheat has been obtained. Significant results, most of the wheat field drought has been effectively alleviated, the drought in the wheat field has improved significantly, and the proportion of the first and second types of wheat has increased by about 10 percentage points before winter.

6, jointing - heading stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 369.3 °C, the precipitation is 33.6mm, the illumination time is 144.4 hours, the precipitation on March 12 is 17mm, the precipitation on the 23rd is 6.2mm, and the precipitation on the 27-28th is 4.2mm. Due to the increase of rainfall, the drought is basically relieved and the sunshine is sufficient. The temperature is suitable, the small spikelets develop well, and the seed setting rate is high. This is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of spikelets per year. At this time, the wheat pests and diseases have risen. On March 18, a stripe rust disease center was discovered in Wudaogang, Zhilin Town. The mites also gradually increased, and the larvae began to emerge and emerged. The pest control was in a critical period.

7, heading - maturity stage

At this stage, the accumulated temperature is 974.2°C, the precipitation is 204.1mm, and the illumination time is 271.9 hours. At this time, it is a critical period for the formation of grain and 1000-grain weight. The precipitation reaches 204.1mm, accounting for more than 60% of the total precipitation during the whole growth period, and the light is slightly insufficient. But basically it can meet the needs of wheat from grouting to maturity. The temperature is suitable, suitable for grouting, and the grouting time is long. It is 2-3 days longer than last year. The temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter. And 1000-grain weight is also relatively high.

Fourth, existing problems and suggestions

1. When the wheat is about to be harvested this year, the city will suddenly drop heavy rain from May 27 to 28, with a rainfall of 83.5mm and a duration of up to 48 hours, resulting in spike germination in more than 95% of the wheat fields in the city. the above. The germination and enzymatic change of the early maturity and short seed dormancy period are more serious, which has a great influence on the yield and quality of wheat. It reminds us that the problem of germination in the late stage should be considered in the utilization of the variety, and attention should be paid to the promotion and cultivation of the seed dormancy period. The variety should be reasonably matched with the semi-winter varieties and the weak spring varieties.

2. It is recommended that leaders at all levels in the city should continue to do a good job in the production of wheat in Dengzhou, pay attention to and pay close attention to food production. At the same time, we also request the higher-level functional departments to pay attention and support to the large grain production counties in Dengzhou. Promote high-yield and stable production of grain in Dengzhou City, increase farmers' income, and increase agricultural efficiency.

3. Relying on the completion of projects at all levels, do a good job in the integration and promotion of wheat technology , increase promotion efforts, highlight leading varieties and main push technologies , improve coverage, and enable science and technology to play the role of primary productivity in summer grain production.

4. It is recommended to continue to increase agricultural input, strengthen and consolidate the construction of agricultural infrastructure, and provide reliable guarantee for summer grain production.

5. It is recommended that in the production of summer grain, the professional cooperative model should be carefully studied and actively promoted to promote the production and quality of Dengzhou summer grain to a new level.

6. Focusing on the production of summer grain, we will focus on the function of “unification” and solve the problems that one family cannot handle.

7. In recent years, due to the work of young and middle-aged laborers, the labor force engaged in grain production is insufficient, and the area of ​​rotary tillage and spreading has an expanding trend, resulting in shallower ploughing of wheat fields, unrealized soil bridges, and poor ability to withstand droughts. This year's problem is particularly prominent. Most of the yellow seedlings and dead seedlings caused by the previous drought occurred in such plots. It is recommended that farmers who use rotary tillage and sowing methods for seeding at the time of sowing should suppress the wheat fields as early as possible after planting, and soil the soil to prevent the death of the wintering drought and reduce the yield.

Statistics on the basic situation of wheat planting in 2010-2019

Unit: 10,000 mu, kilogram, square, 10,000, 10,000, yuan

project

County area

Wheat sowing

area

Fine seed

subsidy

area

concentrated

sowing

period

mu

broadcast

the amount

Unite

Seed supply

seed

Coating

Pharmacy

Seed dressing

Precision half

Precision broadcast

Species

Reserved

Line

Straw

Return to field

Mu

Machine fat

formula

Fertilization

Machine farming

area

Deep plowing

area

Machine broadcast

area

soil

deal with

Acre

Investment

Enter

technology

Training

Printed

data

Dengzhou City

210

200

10.25-11.2

12.5

200

100

70

50

25

80

2

205

202

150

160

50

120

80

80

Than the previous year

+,-

+3.5

0

-10

-20

0

+10

-3

0

0

-20

-50

0

+10

Remarks

Note: The area of ​​the wheat jacket is folded into the real wheat area and reported on November 9, 2010.

Schedule 2: Statistics on the cultivation of wheat varieties in 2010-2019

Unit: 10,000 mu, kg

item

county

Head

Area

wheat

broadcast

surface

product

contract

Planting

wheat

area

high quality

Strong rib

wheat

area

ordinary

wheat

area

Weak spring

Sex

Seed surface

product

Half winter

Sex

Seed surface

product

Zheng Mai 9023

Yu Mai

70-36

Yunong

949

Sown area of ​​other varieties

broadcast

the amount

surface

product

broadcast

the amount

surface

product

broadcast

the amount

surface

product

broadcast

the amount

surface

product

broadcast

the amount

surface

product

Zheng Mai

366

Hengguan

35

Short resistance

58

Yunong

202

Luomai

twenty one

Xin Mai

1998

Peace

number 6

New wheat

208

04

Medium 36

New wheat

18

Yu Mai

18

Deng Mai 996

Dengzhou City

210

60

170

40

140

70

12.5

110

12

5

9

10

10

12

20

20

4

8

Than the previous year

+,-

Remarks

Note: The area of ​​wheat jacket is folded into the area of ​​real wheat. If there are other varieties with larger planting area, it will be listed below the table.

[Wheat Production Technology Summary] List of related articles:
· Summary of year-end technical work · Summary of technical work of power supply limited liability company · Summary of business technology work · Summary of professional technical work · Summary of professional technical work of Construction Co., Ltd. · Summary of professional technical work · Summary of work of Science and Technology Industry Management Department · Year-end of technical personnel Work summary
[Back to Technical Work Summary Column List]