Detailed description of the paper format

When we study a problem, how to present it to everyone is an important task. Here we combine specific examples to introduce you to an important part of scientific research and the general format of the papers and their considerations. Of course, if you want to write a good paper, it is not enough to simply introduce such a brief introduction. You need to write more and practice more.

With the development of science and technology, more and more scholars are involved in the field of writing academic papers. How to write academic papers and how academic papers are written and formatted? Let me introduce the writing of academic papers. I hope that I can Your essay writing is helpful.

Title

The title is also called the title or title. The title is a logical combination of the most important and specific content of the paper in the most appropriate and concise terms.

The title of the thesis is the first important information about the scope and level of the paper given by a paper. It is also necessary to take into account the specific practical information that can help the selected keywords to be unsatisfactory and to prepare secondary documents such as bibliography and index. . The topic of the thesis is very important and must be carefully selected. Someone described its importance and used the following sentence: The title of the paper is half of the article. The requirements for the title of the thesis are: accurate and decent; short and refined; the extension and connotation are just right; eye-catching. The requirements for these four aspects are described below.

Accurately

The title of the paper is required to accurately express the content of the paper and appropriately reflect the scope and depth of the research. Common problems are: too general, the title is not deducted. The key issue is that the topic should be closely related to the content of the thesis, or the topic of the thesis should match and closely match the topic, that is, the title should be deducted, and the text should be deducted. This is the basic guideline for writing a thesis.

2. Short and refined

Try to ask for fewer words, and use words to select. As for the number of words that are in line with the requirements, there is no uniform hard requirement. Generally, I hope that the title of a paper should not exceed 20 words. However, it is not possible to influence the proper reflection of the content by blindly pursuing the small number of words. When there are contradictions, it is better to use more words to try to express clearly. If the short title is not enough to display the content of the paper or reflect the nature of the series of research, you can use the method of the positive and subtitles to supplement the subtitle to supplement the specific experimental materials, methods and content to make the title more accurate and accurate. Not in general and general.

3. The extension and connotation should be just right

Extension and connotation are concepts in formal logic. The so-called extension refers to each object reflected by a concept; the so-called connotation refers to the reflection of the unique attributes of each concept object. In propositions, if you do not consider the proper use of extensions and connotations in logic, there may be delays, at least improper.

4. Eye-catching

Although the topic of the thesis is in the eye-catching position that first comes into the eyes of the reader, there is still a question of whether the topic is eye-catching. Because the words used in the topic and the content they display are conspicuous, the effect is far apart. Some people have conducted statistical analysis on the partial titles of the papers published in 1987 by 36 publicly-published medical journals, and screened 100 wrong titles. Among the 100 erroneous headings, 20% belong to omitting inappropriate mistakes; 12% belong to prepositional erroneous mistakes. The main errors that arise when using prepositions are:

1 omitting the subject. After the first person pronoun is not satisfied, the prepositional structure is not used, and the auxiliary component is mistaken for the main language;

2 When you need to use a preposition, it is not used;

3 Use when you don't need a preposition structure. 11% of errors in the subject matter; 9% in the misuse of the parallel relationship; 9% in the misuse of the word and the wrong sentence, other types of errors, such as lengthy titles, inconsistent titles, duplicates, differences The intention also happens from time to time.

Author name and unit

This item belongs to the issue of the signature of the paper. The signature one is to show the responsibility of the blame, the second is to record the effect of labor, and the third is to facilitate the contact between the reader and the author and the literature search. There are roughly two situations, namely: a single author paper and a multi-author paper. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. The important thing is to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts. The most important contribution to the research work and thesis writing is listed as the first author, and the second contribution is listed as the second author. The author's unit is also indicated to facilitate the reader's contact with the author.

Summary

The paper should generally have abstracts, some for international exchanges, and a foreign abstract. It is a short statement of the content of the paper without comments and comments. Other uses are to obtain the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper.

The summary should contain the following:

1 the purpose and importance of engaging in this research;

2 The main content of the study indicates what work has been completed;

3 The basic conclusions and research results obtained, highlighting the new insights of the paper;

4 The meaning of the conclusion or result.

Although the abstract of the paper should reflect the above content, the text must be very concise, and the content should be fully summarized. The size of the paper generally limits the number of words to no more than 5% of the number of words in the paper. For example, for a 6,000-word paper, the abstract generally does not exceed 300 words.

The abstract of the paper should not enumerate the examples, not the research process, the chart, the chemical structure, and the self-evaluation. The common problem of writing abstracts is to copy the subtitles in the main body of the paper or the conclusions of the paper. Second, the content is not concentrated, not generalized, and the length of the text is too long.

Keyword

Keywords are one of the keywords. In addition to keywords, the subject words contain the thesaurus of unit words and title words.

The subject word is a new type of information retrieval language vocabulary used to describe the subject of literature and give the search literature. It is precisely because of its emergence and development that computerization of information retrieval becomes possible. The subject word refers to a word or phrase that distinguishes things by the characteristic relationship of the concept, expresses them in natural language, and has a combination function to accurately display the dynamic relationship between the semantic relationship between words and words.

Keywords are keywords that mark the subject matter of the document but are not processed by the specification. The keywords are selected for the literature indexing work, and are selected from the papers to represent the words or terms of the main content information of the full text. A paper can select 3-8 words as keywords.

The general choice of keywords or keywords is:

After the author finishes writing the thesis, looking at the full text, the first information or vocabulary that can represent the main content of the paper, these residences or words, can be found and selected from the title of the paper, or can be found from the content of the paper. selected. For example, in the above example, six keywords were selected, of which the first three were selected from the title of the paper, and the last three were selected from the content of the paper. The selection of the last three keywords supplements the main content information that the title of the paper fails to display, and also increases the depth of the concept involved. Need to be selected, together with the keywords selected from the title, form the keyword group for the paper.

The use of keywords and keywords is mainly to meet the needs of computer retrieval and to meet the needs of international computer online retrieval. The addition of keywords to a publication opens up a new avenue for the publication to increase citation rates and increase visibility.

introduction

The introduction, also known as the preface, is part of the introduction to the entire paper. His writings include: research reasons, purpose, background, predecessors' work and knowledge gaps, theoretical basis and experimental basis, expected results and their status, role and significance in related fields.

The words of the introduction should not be lengthy, the content selection should not be too scattered and trivial, and the wording should be refined to attract readers to read. There is no hard and uniform rule for the size of the introduction. It depends on the size of the entire paper and the needs of the content of the paper. The length can reach 700~800 words or 1000 words, and the short one can be less than 100 words.

text

The text is the theory of a paper and belongs to the main body of the paper. It occupies the largest part of the paper. The creative results or new research results embodied in the paper will be fully reflected in this part. Therefore, this part of the content is required to be enriched, the arguments are sufficient and reliable, the argumentation is strong, and the theme is clear. In order to meet this series of requirements, but also in order to achieve a clear hierarchy, clear context, often the body part of a few large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several natural segments. Each logical paragraph can be titled with an appropriate title. Paragraphs and divisions should be based on the nature and content of the paper.

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