Investigation on the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in X County

Strengthen Management, Improve Service, Accelerate the Process of Labor Transfer--A Survey of the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in a County

It is necessary to build a comprehensive well-off society that benefits more than one billion people. The key points and difficulties are in the countryside. In promoting the overall development of rural economic and social development, increasing farmers' income, and accelerating the process of a well-off society, accelerating the transfer of surplus rural labor and promoting urbanization are key.
I. Accelerating the transfer of rural surplus labor is the reality of rural development and increasing farmers' income. It is necessary to promote the transfer of rural surplus labor and adjust the rural employment structure. It is an important measure for the strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure and the promotion of farmers' income. The important guarantee of the society is also a grand strategy to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society and raise the level of urbanization. Since the reform and opening up, through the development of township enterprises and cross-regional mobile employment, the rural surplus labor transfer has made significant progress. At present, migrant workers have become an important part of China's new generation of industrial workers. The cross-regional mobile employment of rural surplus labor has not only injected new vitality into the urban economic development, promoted the prosperity of urban economy and society, but also opened up new channels for farmers to increase their income and become a new growth point for rural economic development. However, with the advancement of agricultural technology, the industrial structure adjustment and institutional innovation of township enterprises, the demand for labor in agriculture and rural areas has gradually weakened, and the problem of rural surplus labor has become more and more prominent, which has seriously restricted the development of rural economy and, at the same time, to rural areas. The stability of social security has buried hidden dangers. At present, doing a good job of transferring rural rural surplus labor, guiding the rational and orderly flow of rural surplus labor, promoting the comprehensive development of rural economy and society, and increasing farmers' income have become important tasks for the relevant departments at all levels of government.
Second, the status quo and characteristics of the rural surplus labor transfer in our county Development status The county is a typical hot area agricultural county, the agricultural and rural economy dominates the national economy. In recent years, with the deepening of the adjustment of rural industrial structure, the number of rural surplus labor in the county has grown rapidly. By September 2004, the county's rural surplus labor force reached 12,500. The rapid growth of rural surplus labor has made the task of accelerating rural economic development and increasing farmers' income more difficult. The county party committee government attaches great importance to it and always regards the transfer of rural surplus labor as an important link to promote the comprehensive development of rural economy and society and increase farmers' income. By increasing the propaganda of labor export, we will gradually establish and improve the labor market, strengthen the construction of information networks, increase the intensity of labor training, seek employment information, strengthen information feedback and follow-up services, and so on, so that the rural surplus labor force in the county The transfer work has developed rapidly.
By the end of September 2004, the county had transferred a total of 6,524 rural surplus laborers, accounting for 52.2% of the total labor force in the county. From January to August 2004, the county transferred a total of 3,616 surplus rural laborers, including 3 overseas. 456 people outside the province, 430 people in the province, 2727 people in the county.
main feature
1. The transfer of rural surplus labor is mainly concentrated in the processing industry and service industry. From the perspective of industries and sectors that have been transferred, the service industries such as processing industry, catering, wholesale and retail have become the main direction of rural surplus labor transfer. Among the 6,524 migrant workers in the county, the majority of the personnel engaged in the processing industry and service industry.
2. The province has become the main area for the transfer of rural labor. Due to the limitations of rural surplus labor, employment opportunities and employment concepts, the transfer of rural labor in our county is mainly concentrated in the province. Among the 6,524 migrant workers in the county, 7 were employed abroad, accounting for 0.1% of the total; 1,652 were employed outside the province, accounting for 25.3% of the total; and 4865 were employed in the province. People, accounting for 74.6% of the total number.
3. The short-term transfer of part-time work is the main mode of rural labor transfer. In recent years, more and more rural laborers have been focusing on short-term, part-time transfer. Farmers are busy farming, farming and working outside the country, and the length of transfer is closely related to the level of family labor and the income of migrant workers. Most of the people working in the county belong to this category.
Third, the main problems in the transfer of rural labor transfer the overall quality of the labor force is not high. As the state's investment in education continues to increase, the cultural literacy of the rural labor force has gradually improved, but overall, the rural labor force is still very low, and is not compatible with the needs of the labor market. Among the 6524 migrant workers in the county, there are 755 high school and technical secondary school graduates, accounting for 11.6% of the total; 5069 Chinese culture, accounting for 77.7% of the total; 700 of the national education or below, accounting for 10.7 of the total. %.
The proportion of labor transferred by organizations is not high. At present, due to the imperfect labor market in our county, the intermediary organizations are not perfect enough, and the organization and guidance work is not in place, which makes the rural labor transfer in our county a relatively simple form, and the proportion of output by government departments, units and intermediaries is small. A large proportion of migrant workers introduced or transferred by relatives and friends. In particular, the rural surplus labor that achieves employment in the county is mostly spontaneous and scattered, and the proportion of personnel transferred by the labor department and other organizations is not high.
The employment structure is single and the level is low. From the industries in which rural migrant workers work in the county, most of them choose wholesale and retail services and processing. The employment structure is simple, the employment is narrow, and the level is low. The migrant workers are mostly concentrated in labor-intensive industries with manual operations and low skills. The workload is large, the working conditions are poor, and the remuneration is low.
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IV. Analysis of the reasons for restricting the transfer of rural labor The overall level of urbanization is low and the overall benefits are poor. The level of urbanization determines the process of rural surplus labor transfer. Affected by various factors such as geographical environment, social environment and historical traditions, the scale of urban scale and economic development of our county is relatively backward, and the level of urbanization is low. In 2003, the urbanization level of the county was only 22.47%, which was lower than the statewide 23.82%. Levels lead to weak urban agglomeration and radiation. In addition, with the deepening of urban economic system reform, the increase in laid-off and unemployed people in cities has weakened the ability of cities and towns to absorb surplus rural labor, and has delayed the pace of rural surplus labor.
The ability of township and village enterprises to absorb rural labor is weakened. The development of township and village enterprises is an important way to promote rural economic development and increase farmers' income, and is also an important carrier for absorbing rural surplus labor. However, with China's accession to the WTO, the process of economic globalization has accelerated, and corporate competition has become increasingly fierce. Township and village enterprises have entered a turning point in structural adjustment and institutional innovation. They are in a critical period of "secondary entrepreneurship" and the mechanism has been weakened to absorb rural areas. The ability of the labor force is weakened.
The overall quality of the rural labor force is not compatible with the requirements of economic development and scientific and technological progress. Among the 5,976 rural surplus labor resources in the county, there are only 719 high school and technical secondary school graduates, accounting for only 12% of the total number; 4946 national high school graduates, accounting for 82.2% of the total; and 311 people with the following national qualifications , accounting for 5.2% of the total number. With professional technical training, there are fewer professional and technical expertise. The low-grade status of rural labor resources is incompatible with the requirements of social and economic development and scientific and technological progress, making the employment areas and transfer areas of rural surplus labor more and more narrow, and the difficulty of transfer is increasing.
The development of rural labor market and intermediary organizations lags behind. From the current situation, due to the imperfect social service system of labor transfer in our county, the employment channels of urban and rural labor are not smooth, the various labor professional markets and professional intermediary organizations are not perfect, and the information feedback, intermediary services and management work for farmers to go out to work weak. In addition, due to the single mode of communication and information dissemination, the channels are not smooth, farmers do not know where there are jobs, labor, what are the requirements for the labor force, etc. There is still a certain blindness in going out to work.
V. Accelerating the transfer of rural labor force Accelerate the “secondary entrepreneurship” of the individual and private economy of township enterprises, promote the process of industrialization, and absorb surplus labor. Vigorously developing non-agricultural industries, accelerating the process of industrialization, and increasing more employment opportunities are the fundamental ways for the transfer of surplus rural labor. The individual and private economy of township and village enterprises plays an irreplaceable role in absorbing rural surplus labor, developing rural economy and increasing farmers' income. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of "two integrations and one improvement", we should speed up the pace of "secondary entrepreneurship" of individual and private enterprises in township and village enterprises, relying on technological progress and institutional innovation to increase structural adjustment and restructuring. Further improve the construction of green food processing parks, guide the individual and private economy of township enterprises to break through from the traditional single service industry, and turn to innovative, developmental deep processing of agricultural products, storage and preservation, packaging and transportation, and strive to open up new ways of development and New Field. Make the company bigger and stronger, and absorb more rural surplus labor.
Strengthen the construction of small towns and promote the process of urbanization. Promoting the development of the industry through the development of urbanization and promoting the upgrading of small and medium-sized cities is the fundamental way to realize agricultural modernization and solve the rural surplus labor. It is necessary to make full use of the state's implementation of the development of the western region, increase infrastructure investment, and the province and the state to take Yuanmou as an important opportunity for the development of secondary cities. Scientific layout and rational planning will be gradually built with the county as the center and the key towns as the regional economic sub-centers. Different small town construction systems. Maximize the function of urban radiation and agglomeration, and open up new employment areas and positions, and absorb surplus rural labor. At the same time, reform the household registration system in small cities and towns, relax the restrictions on farmers moving into small towns, and allow farmers to settle in cities independently, and create conditions for rural surplus labor to enter the city.
Cultivate the labor market and accelerate the construction of information networks. In accordance with the goal of "scientific, standardized, and modernized", we must adhere to the principles of "unified planning, unified standards, Internet interconnection, resource sharing, hierarchical use, and step-by-step implementation" to cultivate and develop the labor market, and gradually establish a unified and complete The standardized modern labor market guarantees the flexibility of labor mobility, so that the allocation of labor resources meets the requirements of market economy development. It is necessary to speed up the construction of information networks at the county and township levels and to smooth the channels of information sources. Give full play to the advantages of migrant workers, wide-ranging, wide information channels, and strive to build a network of diversified information channels combining government, intermediary organizations and individuals. Vigorously develop various forms of labor and employment intermediary organizations, and strengthen the socialized employment service system including employment information, consultation, job introduction, training, etc. Improve and improve laws, regulations and systems that protect the rights and interests of employed persons.
Strengthen skills training and improve the overall quality of the rural labor force. It is necessary to carry out multi-level, multi-form and diversified vocational education and training according to the changes in the demand of the labor market, highlighting the pertinence and practicality of training. Adhere to the principle of “market-guided training, training to promote employment”, and make full use of the existing resources and equipment of county vocational middle schools, adult technical schools and professional technical schools at all levels, with skills training as the mainstay, supplemented by relevant economic and legal common sense training. A large number of workers with professional technical expertise and ability to adapt to market needs have continuously upgraded the Yuanmou labor service brand and enhanced the competitiveness of Yuanmou migrant workers. Formulate and improve the long-term planning of rural education, start with the basic education, implement the "two basics" of rural education, improve the cultural level and level of rural reserve labor, and fundamentally change the low-grade and low-level structure to make the future The workers become new workers who meet the requirements of the development of the market economy.
Strengthen management, improve services, and promote the healthy development of labor transfer. Strengthening management and improving services are the key to doing a good job in labor transfer. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the main channel of the labor department in the labor transfer work, formulate the transfer output plan, and decompose and release the grassroots organizations, so that the labor transfer work of our county is on the track of leadership, organization, order and efficient operation. It is necessary to establish and improve the county and township labor export organization and strengthen the external output function. Pay attention to and do a good job in the basic work of social labor management, continue to do a good job in the investigation, prediction and registration of the county's labor resources, and accurately understand the status of labor resources. It is necessary to intensify propaganda and guidance, achieve orderly transfer, help rural laborers to constantly update their concepts, and overcome the "small peasants" thoughts of "small wealth is safe", far-reaching, only hometown, and willing to stay away from home. A new concept of employment. It is necessary to strengthen the whole process of labor export, establish a file of outbound labor, and provide “one-stop” service from information collection, contract signing, document handling to recruitment, training and transportation, and gradually realize the transfer of labor from scattered and spontaneous to blind flow. Organized and transported to scale.
Effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. At present, migrant workers are subject to discrimination, and their legal rights and interests are hard to be protected. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and implement a system of migrant workers to carry out card labor, ensure the orderly flow of migrant workers, and lay the foundation for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Townships and related departments should establish archives of migrant workers, collect feedback on a regular basis, track and understand the working conditions of migrant workers, and promptly go out to migrant workers.