Investigation Report on the Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers by the Bureau of Agriculture of Wanzhou District, Chongqing

Investigation Report on the Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers by the Bureau of Agriculture of Wanzhou District, Chongqing

According to the requirements of the No. 2 file of the Municipal Agricultural Bureau's Agricultural Reclamation Law [2004], the bureau organized the relevant personnel to form a research group, in the town of Longsha Town, the town of the center of the district, Dazhou Town, the town of immigrants, and Tai'an Town, the town of grain production. A total of 30 households were selected and investigated according to the outline proposed in the archives. The results of the survey are now reported:
I. Implementation of the spirit of the No. 1 archives of the Central Committee After the introduction of the No. 1 file of the Central Committee, it caused a strong response in the upper and lower areas of our district. It is generally believed that the Central Committee issued the No. 1 file for agriculture for the eighteenth period from 1982 to 1986. Years later, this year the Central Government issued a file for agriculture, indicating that the Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The district committee and the district government attached great importance to the propaganda and implementation of the No. 1 archive, and timely deployed the implementation of the spirit of the No. 1 archive. The Propaganda Department of the District Party Committee, the District Agricultural Office, the District Agriculture Bureau and the District Forestry Bureau jointly organized the “Wanzhou District Learning Central No. 1 Archives Propaganda Group”. From mid-February to the townships and towns, the grassroots cadres and the public were publicized and explained. The district committee and the district government decided to hold the rural work conference in the whole district in mid-March, focusing on the implementation of the Central No. 1 archives and the spirit of the Chongqing Rural Work Conference.
The four development zones of Longbao, Tiancheng, Wuqiao and Jiangnan New District have made specific arrangements for the implementation of the No. 1 archives of the Central Committee. All towns and towns and streets have been successively acted upon. The three towns we surveyed have held “three-level meetings” to study and implement the Central No. 1 archives and communicate them to every household in the rural areas.
Second, the situation in food production
1. Grain planting area and total output. The area planted with grain has shown a downward trend year by year. The 30 farmer households surveyed had a grain planting area of ​​90.31 mu in 2003, a decrease of 5.9 mu or 6.1% from 2002. This year, the planned area for grain planting is 88.21 mu, which is 2.1 cents less than that in 2003, a decrease of 2.3%, which is basically consistent with the agricultural statistics of the whole region. The main reasons for the decline in grain planting area are as follows: First, the country has returned farmland to forests and grasslands. By the end of 2003, the whole region had completed the return of farmland to forests and grassland, and 380,000 mu of grass. Second, in the adjustment of crop production structure, due to the comparison of grain production. The benefits are relatively low, some arable land has been replanted into economic forests such as citrus and peach; the third is that the Three Gorges Reservoir has inundated part of the cultivated land; the fourth is the national key construction project to requisition some cultivated land; and the fifth is because most of the young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, leaving Older people and women who farm in rural areas have poor physical strength and are unable to cultivate and cause abandoned farming. The main reasons for the decline in the area planted in 2004 were the first and second articles.
The overall grain output has also shown a downward trend year by year. The total output of the 30 farmers surveyed in 2003 was 81,070 kg, a decrease of 3,950 kg from 2002, a decrease of 4.6%. In 2004, it is expected to produce 77,730 kg of grain, which is 4.1% lower than that in 2003. The main reason for the decline in food production is the decline in the area planted with grain.
2. Grain yield. According to the survey results, the average yield per mu of 30 farmers in 2003 was 898 kg, 14 kg higher than that in 2002. In 2004, the average per mu yield was estimated to be 881 kg, which was 17 kg lower than that of 2003. It can be seen that there is an increase or decrease overall. The impact on grain yield is mainly due to climate impact. In 2003, agricultural natural disasters were younger than 2002, and grain yields were higher; followed by changes in the structure of food crops.
As far as individual crops are concerned, in terms of corn production, corn yields have increased rapidly due to the large-scale promotion of Linao No. 1 and other high-yield varieties in recent years. However, rice production is not significantly higher than the currently promoted high-yield varieties of D-you and Gangyou series. Therefore, the level of yield is basically maintained at the original level.
3. The situation of farmers' food storage. The survey found that in 2003, the per capita income of farmers was only 327 kg, which was not enough for one year. Among the three towns, the grain storage situation of the farmers was uneven. The farmers surveyed in Longsha Town did not have much grain, and the farmers surveyed in Dazhou Town had no grain. Only the farmers surveyed in Tai'an Town have more food, and the average farmer's grain is enough for more than one year. The general situation is that 20% of the farmers have enough food for more than one year. 50% of the farmers have enough food for the family to eat for half a year. 20% of the farmers have no surplus food, and nearly 10% of the farmers have to buy food to satisfy the food. From the perspective of increasing and decreasing trends, the number of foods saved by most farmers has declined this year.
The main reason for the decline in the amount of grain stored this year is: First, after the country liberalized the grain distribution channels last year, the number of food processing households and traffickers increased. Many processing households and traffickers took the initiative to buy food from the village, the lower society, and the door, plus the food price since last year. Continued to climb to 1.20 yuan / kg of rice, some grain farmers have taken advantage of the opportunity to sell food; second, in recent years, the rapid development of animal husbandry in our district, the consumption of some of the grain; third, the total output of food has decreased year by year, the source of food is reduced.
In addition, farmers’ perceptions of stored food have also changed. Among the three towns surveyed, the farmers in Longsha Town have significantly less grain storage than the other two towns. The main reason is that the farmland water conservancy facilities are better, the paddy fields are basically able to survive and recover, and the overall economic level is better than the other two towns. Don't save too much food to prevent famine.
4. Investment in food production. The overall situation is that cash input has increased year by year, and labor input for grain production has decreased. The surveyed 30 farmers in 2002 and 2003 had a production input of 15,520 yuan and 16,371 yuan respectively, and in 2004 it is expected to increase to 16,852 yuan.
The increase in cash investment is mainly due to the increase in prices of agricultural products such as fertilizers and seeds. The survey found that the retail price of urea reached 1,675 yuan / ton this year, up 30 yuan / ton over the same period of last year; the retail price of ammonium carbonate reached 520 yuan / ton, up 20 yuan / ton over the same period last year; the price of high quality rice seeds reached 15 yuan / kg, twice the current two years and the current common hybrid rice seeds, need 25 kg of rice to change 1 kg, and in the past for 1 kg of hybrid rice seeds only 10 kg of rice. The price of high-yield corn seeds is 7 yuan / kg, and the average hybrid corn seed is only 2 yuan / kg. At present, the price increase of agricultural products has offset the increase in the price of agricultural products.
The main reasons for the decrease in labor input are the decline in the area planted with grain, and the second is that most of the young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, and most of the young people and women who stay in rural areas are less physically fit. Therefore, more fertilizers are used instead of farmyard manure, and farming is also Relatively extensive; the third is the increase in the area of ​​promotion of labor-saving technologies such as throwing cultivation, rice paddy and straw cover.
5. Farmers' views on the state's emphasis on food production. The farmers surveyed generally believe that our district is a large agricultural area, and the grain-and-pig-type agricultural production model still accounts for the vast majority of farmers' management. Although it is not the country's main grain-producing area, food is the main source of income for most farmers. And with important feed sources, once the grain production is reduced, it will inevitably lead to an increase in food prices, and farmers will not be able to purchase them. At the same time, due to the fact that there are fewer people, less farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, and less grain, the food security problem in our district is not optimistic. The state attaches great importance to food production, which is undoubtedly a problem that should be paid attention to in our district. It will definitely help to increase the income of farmers in our district and ensure food security.
The state has many opinions and suggestions on the protection and support of food production. In summary, the main points are as follows:
(1) The national direct subsidy policy should be in place as soon as possible, the amount of subsidies should be larger, and the small ones will not function as expected.
(2) It is necessary to increase investment in agriculture, especially to support the construction of farmland water conservancy infrastructure. At present, the problem of aging of farmland water conservancy facilities in Wanzhou District is very prominent, and the village community and the people are unable to renovate, which is extremely threatening to protect the grain production capacity of the whole region.
(3) It is hoped that the state will directly subsidize the investment in agriculture to the method of planting grain farmers. Now the country's tens of millions of subsidies have been invested in the “owners” of agricultural development, and some owners have not played a leading role. The people did not really get much benefit.
(4) It is hoped that the government will implement a special protection policy for large grain growers. First, we must set a minimum protection price. Second, we must ensure the acquisition. Third, we must strictly control the price of agricultural materials.
(5) The state should increase investment in agricultural science and technology promotion. First, it is necessary to increase the promotion of agricultural technology, ensure the funding of agricultural technology promotion, and solve the problem of lack of money for agricultural technology extension personnel. Second, it is a new variety of food crops with good effects on increasing production and income. Good seed subsidies can be implemented to solve the problem that the high price of new varieties of seeds will make farmers daunting, and expand the area of ​​improved varieties as soon as possible.
Third, the situation of farmers' income
1. The income level of farmers. Wanzhou District is a state-level poverty-stricken mountainous area with a total of 20 poverty-stricken townships and 220 extremely poor villages. The absolute poverty population is 69,700. In 2002, the per capita net income of farmers in the region was 1552.9 yuan, 328.1 yuan less than the city average, and 15 in the city's 39 districts. In 2003, the per capita net income of farmers was only 1675.9 yuan, which was far from the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Although the income of farmers has increased year by year, the growth rate is very slow. In 2002 and 2003, the per capita net income of farmers increased by only 69.8 yuan and 123 yuan respectively. Moreover, the physical ratio is significant and the cash income is small.
The average per capita net income of the 30 farmers surveyed in 2002 and 2003 was 1,762 yuan and 2,050 yuan, which is expected to reach 2,205 yuan this year, which is moderately high in the rural areas of this district.
2. Farmers' income sources. According to the survey results, the main source of farmers' income in 2003 was the income of migrant workers, accounting for 63.8% of total income; followed by planting income, accounting for 19.7% of total income; again, the income of aquaculture, accounting for 11.5 of total income. %.
From the statistics of the whole region, the breeding industry is the main source of farmers' income, accounting for more than 45%, close to half of the total income. The second place is the income from outbound labor, which accounts for 30% of the farmers' income, which exceeds the income of the crop industry. The income of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry only accounts for 20% of the farmers' income. “Growing the grain, feeding the pigs for children, working and building a house” is a summary of the image of the income of most farmers in Wanzhou District.
3. Farmers' income increase channels. The increase in farmers' income comes from many aspects, but the biggest contribution is the income from migrant workers. In 2003, the income of migrant workers in the whole district was 6,714.43 million yuan, an increase of 77.193 million yuan over 2002, accounting for half of the growth of farmers' income in that year. The growth of grain income was the second largest project for farmers to increase their income in 2003. Due to the increase in grain prices, farmers in the region increased their income by nearly 50 million yuan. The aquaculture industry is also an important source of income increase for farmers in Wanzhou District in recent years. In 2003, the income of animal husbandry in the whole region increased by 79.29 million yuan compared with 2002, and farmers increased their income by nearly 40 million yuan.
From the income growth structure of 30 survey households in 2003, the income of migrant workers was 34,050 yuan higher than that of 2002, and the per capita growth was 268 yuan, accounting for 93.1% of the total income of farmers in that year, which was the main source of farmers' income. Secondly, the crop industry Income, which increased by 2,655 yuan over 2002, accounted for 7.3% of the growth of farmers' income in that year.
Summarize the production and operation plans of all survey households. It is expected that the income of farmers in 2004 will grow by about 7.6% compared with 2003. The main source of income increase has two aspects: First, the number of migrant workers in this year is three more than in 2003, and the income from migrant workers is expected to reach 185,800 yuan, up nearly 12% from 2003. Second, from the current market conditions of agricultural products The price of grain and pigs, the pillar products of farmers' income in our district, is still rising. At the same time, the planting area of ​​high-quality and high-quality agricultural products and cash crops has also increased significantly. Farmers will increase their income from the breeding industry.
4. Difficulties in increasing farmers' income. During the discussion, the peasant people and grassroots cadres reflected that the biggest difficulty for farmers to increase their income is that it is difficult to find a job for migrant workers, and it is more difficult to find a job with higher compensation. Second, the ability of households to deal with the market is poor, and the information is not working. The sales price is low and the cost of sales is high. Third, the land is scattered among the farmers. It is difficult to form a planting scale, which hinders the adjustment of the planting structure and the scale of benefits. Fourth, the agricultural infrastructure is insufficient, and more than 80% of the water conservancy facilities are aging. It restricts the development of various industries in rural areas; the fifth is the lack of technical reserves and technical guarantees for the development of new production projects.
5. To solve the problem of increasing income, the peasants have four hopes that the state should give the peasants the same national treatment as the urban residents, so that the migrant workers can also enjoy the benefits of employment, social insurance, medical insurance, children's enrollment, and poverty relief. The construction of public welfare facilities in rural areas is also supported by the government;
The two countries hope that the state will increase support for farmers' job transfer training, breeding and production technology training and farmers' education, and help the peasant people improve their quality;
Sanpan hopes that the government should increase investment in the construction of farmland water conservancy infrastructure, especially for the maintenance of small water conservancy facilities;
In the hope of increasing the protection of farmers' rights and interests, the Law on the Protection of Farmers' Rights and Interests will be promulgated as soon as possible, and the bad behaviors of farmers and farmers will be severely cracked. Governments at all levels and the judiciary must support the farmers and protect the peasants' production and income.
Fourth, the transfer of rural labor force employment situation
1. Party committees and governments at all levels attach great importance to promoting the transfer of rural surplus labor. Wanzhou District is a large agricultural area. The agricultural population accounts for nearly 70% of the total population. The contradiction between rural people and land is very prominent, and the labor force is seriously over-represented. In recent years, party committees and governments at all levels in our district have attached great importance to promoting the transfer of rural surplus labor. In August last year, the district government set up a “Leadership Team for Rural Labor Transfer” and issued the “Wanzhou District of Chongqing to Accelerate the Rural Labor Force”. The Opinions on Transfers has made plans for the transfer of rural labor in the region in the next five years, and clearly defined the construction of the rural labor transfer service system, the training of rural labor, the cleanup and regulation of relevant license fees. The district also established a training function organization, initiated the rural labor transfer employment training project, and implemented a one-stop service of organization, launch, training and employment. At present, it has carried out transfer employment training for more than 1,790 people in 8 positions including clothing art, agricultural product processing, housekeeping services and preservation.
Among the three townships and towns surveyed, the two townships in Dazhou and Longsha have set up a “Leadership Team for Rural Labor Transfer”, which basically provides legal support for migrant workers, and goes out to work and help workers. We must pay for wages and conduct pre-work training. Longsha Town held two training courses on labor transfer.
2. The situation of farmers going out to work. Among the 30 households surveyed, 36 went out to work in 2003, accounting for 45.6% of the total labor force; in 2004, 39 people went out to work, 3 more than in 2003, accounting for 49.4% of the total labor force, and an average of 1 household has more than one labor force. Work outside the home.
More than 70% of migrant workers are all over the country, and more than 70% of them are led by contractors and laborers are invited to each other and connected in series. About 22% of them are organized by government departments and labor agencies, and 8% are blindly out.
More than 89% of migrant workers can find more stable jobs, 11% have no fixed jobs, and have lower incomes. Among the migrant workers, 80% of the wages can be earned smoothly, and about 20% of the workers have experienced arrears and deductions.
Among migrant workers, 10% have certain skills, mainly driving, chef, sewing, bricklayer, woodworking, electrician, welding, etc. The main learning channels are private training schools and teachers.
3. The current difficulties of farmers going out to work and their wishes and requirements.
There are several difficulties in the peasants' work abroad: First, the lack of effective organization, lack of information, and the difficulty of finding a satisfactory job for migrant workers; second, the lack of labor skills that can meet the needs of the labor market, and the difficulty in raising the income level of workers. Guarantee the long-term stability of employment income; Third, lack of security during the period of partial migrant workers; Fourth, lack of knowledge and judicial assistance for the protection of their rights and interests.
They strongly demanded: First, they hope that the legal department should vigorously protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers; second, they hope that the government will treat migrant workers in cities and local urban residents in equal treatment in all aspects; third, they hope that the government and relevant departments should establish special Institutions and townships with more than 3,000 migrant workers are advised to have 1-2 full-time staff to increase their efforts to provide long-term and effective assistance in employment information, labor skills training, and management of migrant workers. We must take this work as an important task of the government and incorporate it into the government's target assessment.