China Fisheries News: Sichuan Chongqing Fisheries Research Report

China Fisheries News: Sichuan Chongqing Fisheries Research Report

The basic situation of fisheries in the first and second places

Both Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality are the major fisheries provinces in western China. In 2005, the total output of aquatic products ranked second and third respectively in 12 western provinces.

The water area in Sichuan Province is vast, with numerous reservoirs and lakes. The total area of ​​the waters is 8.96 million mu, the water surface of the fishery is 3.585 million mu, and the area of ​​the rice fields is nearly 10 million mu. The province is rich in fish resources and is the main fish habitat of the Yangtze River. There are more than 50 kinds of main economic fishes and more than 30 species of endemic fish. There are 55 key protected aquatic wild animals such as Chinese sturgeon, squid, and giant salamander. In 2005, Sichuan's aquaculture area reached 3.013 million mu, and the output of aquatic products was 982,500 tons. The aquaculture industry realized an average annual increase of 29.69 yuan for farmers, which was 32.36%, 91.48%, and 197% higher than the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. At the same time of the steady development of conventional cultured species, the cultivation of famous aquatic products has developed rapidly, and the proportion of production has risen to 35%. The secondary and tertiary industries such as aquatic product processing, recreational fishery, fishery circulation and fishery, fishery and feed industry have developed rapidly and the industrial structure has been further optimized.

There are 2.23 million mu of rivers and 492,500 mu of ponds in Chongqing. After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the water surface reaches 1.4 million mu, other reservoirs are 352,500 mu, and more than 4 million mu of rice fields are suitable for fishing. The underground cold and hot water resources in the area are extremely rich, and there are abundant aquatic wildlife and fish resources. In 2005, the city's aquaculture area reached 1,407,200 mu, and the total output of aquatic products reached 256,600 tons, which was 23.6% and 25% higher than the end of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan”. The total output value of the fishery economy is 3.67 billion yuan, accounting for 5.7% of the total agricultural output value.

From January to September this year, the total output of aquatic products in Sichuan Province was 761,700 tons, up 9.14% year-on-year; the total output value of fishery economy was 11.625 billion yuan, up 12.05% year-on-year. It is estimated that the total annual output of aquatic products will exceed one million tons, which is about 7% more than the previous year; the total output value of the fishery economy is expected to reach 15.5 billion yuan, up 12% from the previous year; the per capita income of farmers is more than 25 yuan. Due to the large loss of severe drought in Chongqing, the total output of aquatic products from January to September was 173,000 tons, a year-on-year growth of 1.4%, and the growth rate slowed down. It is estimated that the total annual output of aquatic products will be about 225,000 tons, down about 10% year-on-year.

Second, the main measures and characteristics

In accordance with the development ideas determined by the provincial party committee and the government, the fishery authorities of Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality respectively put forward the goals of “strive to build a strong province of western fisheries” and “a new stage of fishery development”, and adhere to the overall concept of scientific development. Focusing on the construction of a new socialist countryside, we have adopted a series of effective measures to promote the transformation, expansion and upgrading of fisheries and the transformation of growth patterns to promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of fisheries. Can be summarized as the following characteristics:

First, there are new breakthroughs in the fight for and benefits of affordable fisheries. Sichuan Province clearly requested in this year's Provincial Party Committee No. 1 file to optimize the breeding structure and accelerate the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture. The Provincial Water Resources Department held a provincial aquatic product work conference in time to implement the target tasks and work measures. The provincial government allocated special funds for the subsidies and technical training of aquatic products, established a scientific research and innovation mechanism for aquatic products, and carried out research on aquatic breeding, which effectively boosted production development and increased farmers' income. The Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and the Finance Bureau jointly formulated the “Measures for the Large-scale Aquaculture Aquaculture Subsidy”, which focused on the use of agricultural development funds, subsidized large-scale farming, and guided and promoted the development of large-scale aquaculture, which was widely welcomed by the fishermen.

Second, there are new developments in opening up fishery investment channels. Chongqing City utilizes the advantages of local resources to attract funds to develop famous and characteristic aquatic products, and the large-scale operation of yellow carp and cockroach red has gradually developed into an important industry for creating suburban characteristic agriculture. Sichuan Province takes advantage of the geographical advantages of the combination of the central and western regions, actively introduces funds to build a large-scale aquatic product wholesale market, and develops aquatic product processing and distribution industries. It is estimated that the province's investment this year will exceed 1 billion yuan. Many farmers have also increased their investment to expand production and promote the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Some hilly areas combine the winter and spring farmland water conservancy basic construction, implement rice-fish rotation, and become a new fishery economic growth point.

Third, there are new ideas for building ecological fisheries. Protecting the ecological environment is a basic requirement for the development of western fisheries. The two provinces and municipalities adhere to the scientific development concept as a guide, and actively strengthen the ecological protection work while actively developing fishery production. Chongqing seized the opportunity of the construction of the Three Gorges Project to increase the water surface, actively explored and scientifically planned the development ideas and measures of the Three Gorges Reservoir fishery, and strived to achieve the coordination of the development of fishery production to promote the increase of resettlement in the reservoir area and the protection of the reservoir ecological environment. At the same time, in order to alleviate the adverse impacts of the project construction on the Yangtze River fishery resources, the original aquatic farms have been established to store, research and protect the unique fish resources of the Yangtze River, and actively carry out fishery resources and environmental monitoring, increase the proliferation and release, and effectively protect the Three Gorges. The ecological environment is equally focused on development and protection. In conjunction with local practices and changing growth methods, Sichuan Province has gradually phased out fertilization and fish farming, and actively promoted environmentally friendly and healthy farming methods to build ecological fisheries and effectively protect and rationally use water resources.

Fourth, there are new ways to deal with catastrophic natural disasters. This summer, the devastating drought that has not happened in a hundred years has hit the land of Sichuan and Chongqing, and the fishery production in the two provinces and cities has been seriously damaged. In order to minimize the loss of fishery production, Chongqing Municipality has taken measures to strengthen disaster relief and disaster relief work organizations, implement drought relief and fishery measures, and resume fishery production to carry out disaster relief work. At the same time, it strives to implement 2 million yuan of disaster relief funds, specifically for subsidizing fish species remedies. Due to the effective measures for disaster relief and disaster relief, a large number of broodstock and fish species have been preserved, which has reduced disaster losses to some extent.

Fifth, there are new measures to serve the new rural construction. The fishery departments at all levels in Sichuan Province seized the important opportunities for governments at all levels to plan the construction of a new socialist countryside and worked hard to integrate aquatic product development into planning. Up to now, the province has built 183 new rural areas with aquatic products as the pillar industry and has started to start. Chongqing Municipality carried out the construction of “Thousand Villages Promotion and 100 Village Demonstration”. The fishery authorities actively participated in the planning of fishery docking projects and promoted the construction of two demonstration villages to improve the comprehensive production capacity of fishery.

The rapid development of fisheries in the two places has played a positive role in adjusting the local agricultural industrial structure, building modern agriculture, prospering the rural economy, and increasing the income of farmers and the immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

Third, the main issues and challenges

Since the beginning of this year, fisheries in the two places have achieved good results in the face of extreme drought, but there are still some problems and constraints. The most prominent issues at the moment are:

First, the extreme drought has caused huge losses in fishery production and potentially adverse follow-up effects.

The extraordinary drought that has not happened in a hundred years has caused huge losses to fishery production in the two provinces and cities. According to statistics, the area affected by fisheries in Sichuan Province was 1,602,300 mu, and the loss of aquatic products was 85,300 tons, with losses of 640 million yuan, accounting for 8% and 4% of the total output of aquatic products and total fishery output in 2005, respectively. The loss in Chongqing is even more serious. The city has 120,000 mu of ponds, more than 500 small reservoirs, and 100,000 mu of river ditches. The loss of aquatic products due to disasters was 47,630 tons, and the direct economic losses amounted to 630 million yuan, accounting for 19% and 17% of the total output of aquatic products and total fishery output in 2005.

This extraordinary drought has not only caused a large number of fish deaths, but also indirect losses. In order to reduce losses, the fishermen were forced to sell a large number of adult fish out of the pond in advance. Due to the small size and concentrated sales, the selling price was extremely low, and the benefits were greatly reduced. The fishermen could not make ends meet. In addition, the death of fish stocks stored by a large number of farmers due to the drought has adversely affected the future recovery of production. “Water” and “species” will become two key factors restricting fishery production in the coming period and even next year.

Second, the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir has adversely affected fishery resources, and fishery development and fishermen's income increase are facing difficulties.

After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, with the increase of water level, the ecological environment of the reservoir area has also undergone significant changes, which has a great impact on the development of fisheries in the reservoir area. First, major changes have taken place in the main economic fish spawning grounds. About 85% of the 822 traditional fish spawning grounds disappeared. Second, the fish population in the reservoir area was seriously insufficient, and the composition of the fish was significantly degraded. Third, after the water level increased, there was basically no flow velocity in the river, and the fishing production mode and nets changed. It is necessary to use static high-net fishing, but the fishermen lack funds to replace the nets, and still use the original spur nets for fishing, and the fishing efficiency is extremely low.

The above-mentioned effects have led to a significant reduction in the catch of fishermen in the reservoir area and a significant reduction in income. According to the introduction of Wanzhou District in Chongqing, the annual catch of single ship in the Three Gorges before the water storage in 2002 was about 1500 kg, and the per capita income of fishermen was more than 5,000 yuan. In 2005, the single ship catch was only 579 kg, which was about two-thirds lower. Due to the rising prices of fuel and other means of production, the per capita income of fishermen is about 2,000 yuan, a decrease of about 60%, which is about 300 yuan lower than the per capita income of local farmers.

Third, the understanding of fisheries development ideas and measures in the Three Gorges reservoir area has not been unified, and the development of fisheries in the reservoir area has not yet started.

On October 27, the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir reached 156 meters, and the water surface area increased significantly, reaching 1.4 million mu. After the water storage to 175 meters in the future, the water surface will reach 1.62 million mu. In order to give full play to the advantages of water resources in the reservoir area, develop the reservoir area industry, and increase the income of the reservoir area, the relevant departments have established fishery, citrus, grass-fed livestock and tourism as the four pillar industries in the Three Gorges Reservoir Resettlement Development Plan. However, due to different views on the ideas and measures for the development of the Three Gorges Reservoir fishery, some experts oppose the implementation of any form of aquaculture production in the reservoir area on the grounds of protecting the water quality in the reservoir area. The fishery development plan in the reservoir area has not been introduced yet, resulting in the library. The lack of guidance in the development of fisheries in the region has become the most promising but most lagging industry.

Fourth, some experiences and suggestions

Sichuan and Chongqing are both major fisheries in the west. In the development of the rural economy, the two places have always placed the fishery in a relatively important position. The fishery development ideas actually put forward in the two places are in line with the requirements of the scientific development concept, and are in line with the direction of transforming the growth mode of fisheries and building modern fisheries. This year's devastating drought has caused heavy losses to fishery production in Sichuan and Chongqing. The fishery authorities in the two places have taken active measures to help fishermen fight disasters and reduce disasters, resume production, and reduce losses. It is worthy of recognition. In response to the outstanding problems faced by the two provinces in terms of fishery development, several suggestions were made:

Seriously sum up experience and take active measures to resume fishery production

This devastating drought has tested the ability of fisheries authorities to cope with major natural disasters and emergencies, and has also exposed the long-term weakness of fishery infrastructure. The fishery authorities of the two provinces and municipalities must attach great importance to it, adhere to the people-oriented principle, and actively take measures to help the affected fishermen resume production and solve their living difficulties from the aspects of water supply and seed supply. Second, we must carefully summarize the experience of the disaster. Lessons, further strengthen the construction of fishery infrastructure, do a good job in pond reconstruction, improve supporting facilities, and improve the ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters.

Develop ecological fisheries, rationally use resources, and protect the ecological environment

The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir is both an opportunity and a challenge. It is necessary to further clarify the development ideas, seize this major opportunity, meet the challenges with confidence, lay down the Three Gorges brand, actively develop ecological fisheries, effectively protect and rationally use resources, and integrate the environmental protection of fishery resources into the overall ecological environmental protection strategy of the western region. To improve the sustainable development of fisheries. First, we must listen to opinions from all quarters, actively coordinate, promote the development of fisheries development in the Three Gorges reservoir area as soon as possible, and guide the development of fisheries in the reservoir area; second, strengthen the monitoring of fishery resources and environment in the reservoir area, and find out the status of fishery resources in the reservoir area; The fishery resources in the Daku District will be proliferated and released, supplementing the population of fish resources in the reservoir area and protecting the ecological environment of the reservoir area. It is recommended that a large-scale release event be organized in the Three Gorges reservoir area next year, and relevant leaders of the Three Gorges Offices of the two provinces and the State Council and celebrities from all walks of life will be invited to attend the event to expand the influence and further promote various aspects of work.

Accelerate the construction of “safe fishing”, establish a fishery policy insurance system, and improve the level of industrial support

This year, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other coastal provinces and cities frequently have strong typhoons. Chongqing, Sichuan and other provinces and cities have experienced major natural disasters such as severe droughts, highlighting the construction of “safe fishing” and improving the ability of fisheries to resist natural disasters and emergencies. The necessity and urgency of restoring fishery production capacity after the disaster. It is recommended to prepare the construction plan as soon as possible, coordinate the relevant departments to establish a sustained and stable investment mechanism; actively promote the policy fishery insurance work, strive to incorporate the fishery mutual insurance into the scope of the national policy agricultural insurance pilot, and implement the central financial pilot subsidy fund.

Accelerate research and demonstration, implement subsidies for improved aquatic products, and promote faster and better development of aquaculture

“Good seed” is one of the most important foundations for the development of farming and aquaculture. In order to support and encourage farmers to use improved varieties, improve the quality and level of development of the breeding industry, and increase farmers' income, the state provides financial subsidies for the use of grain, livestock and poultry. It is understood that Sichuan Province began to explore the implementation of improved aquatic product subsidies in 2004, transforming the financial funds used in the past for the construction of aquatic infrastructure and the promotion of new technologies into a breeding system for supporting aquatic products, mainly including farmers. Seedling subsidies, necessary equipment purchases and technical training. This year, the provincial government took out 9 million yuan, and determined the advantageous varieties to be subsidized: grass, cricket, cricket, long kiss, southern bigmouth, spotted fork, California cricket, red carp and squid. The subsidy standard is 30% to 50% of the market price for the same period, but each household does not exceed 200 yuan, or 1,000 yuan. The subsidy shall be subject to the project bidding system, and the production of the improved seed production unit and the technical promotion training unit shall be submitted to the competent fishery department. The subsidy method is realized by purchasing the fish species at the price difference of the farmers. That is, when the farmer purchases the fish species from the fine-breeding production unit, the subsidy amount that should be enjoyed is directly deducted, and only the difference price is paid. The scope, standards, targets, methods, and production units and prices of the above-mentioned subsidies are all publicized and publicized to ensure direct benefits for farmers. Judging from the implementation of Sichuan's policies, it has played a positive role in further improving farmers' enthusiasm for production and improving the coverage of improved aquatic products. At present, relevant parties are studying the feasibility of implementing financial subsidies for the use of improved aquatic products across the country. It is recommended to speed up research and argumentation, further coordinate the financial sector, promote the early stage of the national aquatic product subsidy policy, and promote the faster and better development of the aquaculture industry.