Investigation Report on Reemployment of Laid-off Workers in Yunnan Province

First, the basic situation of laid-off workers

The province's difficult enterprises and loss-making industries are mainly distributed in machinery, textile, metallurgy, forestry, coal and other industries and some military units. Laid-off workers and young workers are also concentrated in these industries and units, such as Kunming, Qujing, Honghe and other underground posts. Personnel and youth workers account for a large proportion of laid-off workers in the province.

1. The composition of laid-off workers. First, laid-off workers are mainly from industries or enterprises that have long been regarded as better. Through the investigation of 74 enterprises in Kunming, the laid-off workers are mainly distributed in the textile, metallurgy, electromechanical, chemical and other industries. 2,587 laid-off workers under the age of 40, accounting for 56.6% of the total number of laid-off workers. Second, the education level of laid-off youth workers is generally not high, and more than 80% of laid-off youth workers are middle school or high school. Third, most of the laid-off young workers are first-line workers, 57% of the first-line youth workers, 30.7% of the logistics services, and only 12.3% of the management work. Fourth, laid-off youth workers account for a large proportion, accounting for about 40% of the total number of laid-off workers in the province of more than 90,000.

2. The status of laid-off youth workers

Understanding the reasons for laid-off The laid-off youth workers have three main understandings of the reasons for laid-off: they are considered to be caused by national policies. In the past, most laid-off youths in enterprises with better production and operation status believe that the profits of the enterprises are turned over to the state in the case of better business conditions. The enterprises not only have not accumulated, but also face problems such as aging equipment and increasing number of retirees. To push the enterprise to the market, the enterprise must adjust the product structure, adapt to market competition, lack the corresponding supporting funds for updating equipment and purchasing technology, so that the enterprise can only wait for death or “nine deaths”. It is believed that the state has transferred some of the current difficulties to enterprises, and the enterprises have passed on the difficulties to laid-off workers. It is believed to be caused by the company's own situation. The laid-off young workers are more concentrated in thinking that the business managers are not enough to develop and enterprising spirit, the production and operation decisions are not right, and the management level is not high, which causes the enterprises to go from bad to worse. Some business leaders can't know people's good deeds, and they are crony, and the management of key departments such as purchase and sales is not strict; some business leaders are squandered and wasted, and they are full of private resources, which are higher than the market price to purchase raw materials, resulting in high product prices and product stagnation. Put the company in trouble. Due to some direct responsibility of the business leaders, the company is in difficulty and the employees are laid off. Laid-off workers who hold this view account for 35.4%. It is one of the reasons why the lower level of personal ability is considered to be laid off. 19.2% of laid-off workers believe that they are not as good as others in terms of education level, professional skills, labor proficiency and work attitude, and they are also important factors for laid-off.

Laid-off young workers' views on their companies Most laid-off young workers show emotional dissatisfaction, emotional attachment and hope for revitalization of their companies. They feel that they have worked hard and sweat for the development of the company, and today they are unexpectedly “abandoned” by enterprises and become “innocent victims”. At the same time, they admit that they are familiar with all aspects of the company and have difficulties in giving up their wishes. They hope that the company will return to its original position after it has flourished. Regarding the development of their enterprises, their view is: Now that enterprises are not dead or alive, they have reached the point of "not changing." They believe that the enterprise transformation mechanism is only one aspect of the problem, but more importantly, the problem of the management of the enterprise management, it is necessary to truly make the business management manager to link rights and responsibilities, risk and benefit. If the production and operation of the enterprise is not good, the leaders of the company should treat the employees equally and should be laid off. Not optimistic about how companies can change and whether they can improve. We have learned that some difficult enterprises in the process of realizing the shareholding system reform, some young workers said that although they can find ways to raise capital, but whether the shareholding system will be good after the company will be skeptical. Some young workers said: "It is better to be laid off and not to share shares." It is believed that enterprises can only improve if they rely on government support. The laid-off workers who hold this kind of thinking account for the vast majority.

After the laid-off, the mentality of the laid-off workers who were investigated was mostly manifested in such mentality. First, it is hoped that enterprises can adapt to market requirements as soon as possible and revitalize. They believe that although the enterprise is difficult now, it is not necessary to rush to find a way out. When the company's situation improves, it will return to its original position. The second is "can't tell if it's a bad thing or a good thing." 31% of the young workers believe that although laid-off is caused by many factors, it is believed that with the deepening and development of reforms, re-employment will be resolved. "There are more opportunities for development now. As long as we work hard, we can't say that the situation will be better than the original." Third, because they are not high-quality, they are unwilling to dare to blame the market. They can only rely on the basic living expenses paid by their enterprises. Life, the mentality of such young workers is very complicated, and most of them are women or young people without professional skills, accounting for nearly 20% of the total number of laid-off workers. The fourth is "believe that the government will solve this problem" and feel that this is only a matter of early or late.

Laid-off workers are most eager to get help. Laid-off workers generally believe that business technology that meets social needs is the main obstacle to their re-employment. They hope to get targeted and practical professional technical training. At the same time, I hope to get the re-employment information provided by the government's labor and employment department. I believe that the re-employment information provided by the government departments is reliable and true. Even if you encounter any problems, you can find the corresponding departments to help solve them. In addition, they also hope that the government and all sectors of society will provide some employment opportunities for laid-off workers and create a good social atmosphere for laid-off workers to re-employ.

Second, laid-off youth workers re-employment flow and choice

1. The current laid-off youth workers are re-employed. At present, most of the laid-off young workers who have been reemployed are in the tertiary industry, which is mainly service industry. Its main employment channel is: to achieve re-employment through self-employment. Most of this part has certain professional skills and high cultural literacy. They can help to introduce new careers through family and friends, or to start self-employment through their own efforts. Re-employment is achieved through the organization of relevant government departments. This part is a minority. Re-employment through participation in social training. Laid-off youth workers are self-employed after attending self-funded training in computer typing, electrical repair, cutting, marketing, etc. according to the needs of the society for various professional and technical personnel. There are more and more laid-off workers who have participated in training and improved their skills as opportunities to win re-employment.

2. The survey of reemployment selection for laid-off youth workers shows that young workers with young age and certain cultural foundations and professional skills are more willing to flow to non-state-owned enterprises, private enterprises or individual work. Young workers with low cultural literacy, younger age, and narrower professional and technical skills are more willing to flow to state-owned enterprises and business service industries. Laid-off women workers are more eager to choose a career that is relatively stable so that they can take care of their families, raise their children, and support the elderly. At the same time, most of the laid-off young workers hope to be arranged by the organization, showing strong dependence on the government. In terms of job selection criteria, the order of selection of young workers in the survey is, in order, enterprises with high incomes, enterprises with promising prospects, enterprises with better working conditions, and enterprises with loose interpersonal relationships, reflecting their own intentions and reality of career choice. A big gap.

Third, the problem of re-employment

1. The contrast between the large demand for labor in the society and the reemployment of laid-off workers is relatively obvious. For example, Kunming has a large demand for labor in some fields, and domestic labor services, environmental sanitation, commercial services, marketing, insurance, security, tourism, and primary industries can absorb a large amount of labor, but the number of laid-off workers is re-employed. less. There are mainly several reasons for this: there are ideological obstacles in which labor has high and low points. Some laid-off workers said: "In the past, my family asked the nanny, now I am going to be a babysitter, I will not do it." Some laid-off workers are not willing to do some dirty, bitter, tired work, many of them think" I can do these things, and I can do better than the migrant workers, but I would rather not take more money than I want to do." There is a situation in which "the eyes are low." Many laid-off young workers are unwilling to earn small money, and they can't earn big money, thus losing some opportunities for re-employment. I know a lot about re-employment. Most laid-off workers believe that self-employment is still unemployed, and only the government's re-arranged work is employment.

2. The social security mechanism is still not perfect and perfect is an important factor restricting the reemployment of laid-off workers. Laid-off Qinggong believes that "who will be unclear in the future, even if I find a job or engage in self-employment, but there is no labor relationship and sound social security of the original enterprise, there is always a feeling of precariousness, and my heart is not practical. Some even if they want to pursue their own career, they will still be stuck.

3. The service method does not affect the reemployment of laid-off workers. Most laid-off workers face difficulties in re-employment due to their limitations. Among them, the low level of education, the age of the past, the lack of expertise or professionalism, the narrow technical scope, the lack of re-employment information, and the lack of re-employment funds all require the society to provide services, help and support. At present, the social training of various names is mixed, and laid-off workers may not be able to learn the true skills even if they spend money. The government has not invested enough in the technical training for laid-off youth workers, and it is not enough to regulate the social education. At present, there is still no information channel for re-employment of the relevant government departments for the whole society. The public opinion orientation has not formed a good atmosphere for the reemployment of laid-off workers. The lack of re-employment intermediary services is also an obstacle to the re-employment of laid-off workers.

4. The lack of ideological work makes the implementation of re-employment more difficult. In the investigation, it was found that some enterprise leaders can't face the problem of laid-off workers, and feel that they are detrimental to the image of the company's leaders. They often avoid or not talk about the problem of laid-off and re-employment, which makes the employees and laid-off workers not enough for re-employment. A clear understanding. The second is that the current situation of the enterprise is unclear, and that "the market economy is unclear." Hedong in the past 30 years, Hexi in 30 years, can't tell the day when the enterprise is booming." This kind of thinking has a direct impact on laid-off workers. To make them have a dilemma in re-employment. The third is that they do not care about laid-off workers. Their working methods are simple, sloppy, or even ignorant, not asking, and not speaking. This seriously dampens the feelings and trust of laid-off workers on enterprises and affects the smooth implementation of reemployment.

Fourth, several suggestions

1. Help laid-off young workers to establish a new concept of career choice and employment that is compatible with the market economy. Relevant government departments, public organizations, and publicity departments and units should take various forms to educate laid-off youth workers on reform and opening up, help them emancipate their minds, recognize the situation, establish a sense of competition, overcome inferiority, change employment concepts, and break The traditional concept of "iron rice bowl" is to achieve self-respect, self-confidence, self-improvement, self-reliance, and take the initiative to find a way and develop in the market economy. Help laid-off young workers to broaden their thinking, guide them to transfer to the non-public economy, divert to the tertiary industry, mobilize laid-off workers to join the development of the primary industry, contract the “four shortages” in the process of agricultural industrialization, develop seeds, raise, add, etc. The comprehensive agricultural project will give full play to its advantages in production, supply and marketing.

2. Strengthen the skills training for re-employment and do a good job in intermediary services. It is mainly to enhance the employability of laid-off young workers and broaden the employment channels for laid-off young workers: the government should increase investment in the transfer of laid-off youth workers and support organized and planned training for laid-off workers. Further standardize various types of vocational training and make full use of existing vocational positions. Relying on social forces, according to the needs of the labor market and the needs of laid-off workers, the combination of knowledge education and key business skills training will make the laid-off youth work longer and more useful. Strive to create employment opportunities for laid-off workers and increase employment channels. Mobilize all aspects of society, develop jobs, and actively absorb laid-off workers. Vigorously develop emerging industries and non-public sectors of the economy, and create more job opportunities.

3. Constantly improve the social security system. In the process of establishing a socialist market economic system, it is necessary to gradually establish and improve a social security system that is compatible with the new labor and employment system. The social security for laid-off workers should be based on reality. Explore a variety of solutions to help them relieve their worries and eliminate their long-term concerns.

4. Establish a propaganda and re-employment model, create a public opinion that supports the whole society and supports the re-employment of laid-off workers. Vigorously promote the representative and influential advanced models in laid-off and re-employment, form a strong public opinion orientation, use typical vivid examples to drive more laid-off youth workers to change their minds, be brave in competition, and strive for self-improvement.