Nan'an District Farmer Training Work Survey Report

Nan'an District Farmer Training Work Survey Report

Cultivating new-type farmers with culture, technology and management is an important guarantee for building a new socialist countryside. Farmers' technical skills training is not only a problem of rural education, but also a social issue. In November 2006, according to the unified deployment of the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, the Nan'an District Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources Bureau conducted a special field investigation on the current situation of rural economy and the status of farmers' education and training in our district.
I. Agricultural Overview of Nan'an District The Nan'an District covers an area of ​​260 square kilometers. It administers 7 streets, 7 towns and 69 administrative villages. The agricultural population of the whole district is 109,000, the rural labor force is 65,000, and the existing cultivated land area is 52,200 mu. Nan'an District adheres to the implementation of the talent knowledge renewal project of the grassroots agricultural service system, and conducts 3-5 days of professional skills field training for all major professional and all farmers with training needs. At the same time, the rural surplus labor force was transferred and trained. The number of trainees per year was about 2,200, and the re-employment was successfully realized. At present, the region's agriculture has initially formed three pillar industries of flowers, trees, ornamental fish and ecological leisure agriculture.
II. Investigation methods and participation in the survey of farmers According to the requirements, our district takes a sampling point to investigate and select the Changshengqiao Town, Yinglong Town, Guangyang Town and Xiakou Town, which have relatively large proportion of agriculture. After the three towns of Changshengqiao Town, Xiakou Town and Yinglong Town, they continued to take samples to the villages and farmers to select specific survey objects. Three villages were selected in each town, and 9 farmers were selected in each village, totaling 81 households. The survey was conducted in the form of a household questionnaire combined with villagers' discussions and village cadres' summary statements.
Participate in the survey of farmers' age structure: 54 farmers in this survey, accounting for 66.67%; 27 women, accounting for 33.33%, the current occupation of farmers surveyed is mainly farming. Among them, the youngest is 21 years old, the largest is 65 years old, 18 people under 35 years old, accounting for 21.97%; 53 people aged 36 to 60 years old, accounting for 65.07%; 10 people over 61 years old, accounting for 12.96%. The results show that the current labor loss of young and middle-aged rural people is serious, and the labor force left behind for agricultural production is generally older.
Participate in the survey of farmers' arable land structure: The area of ​​arable land for surveying farmers is 160 mu, 0.48 mu per capita, of which 17.88% is cultivated land area, 70.15% is flowering orchard area, and 11.97% is cultivated water surface, indicating that the surveyed farmers have basically completed The main value of cultivated land has been further improved by the development of grain-based crops.
Participate in the survey of the income structure of farmers: 30% of the farmers and their family members who participated in the survey went out to work all the year round, and 60% participated in short-term work in the field. Average employment income accounts for 40% of total household income, while some households have a higher proportion of 70%. In terms of the number of workers, migrant workers account for 46% of the total labor force. The per capita net income of farmers participating in the survey in 2005 was 3,434 yuan, of which planting income was 1001.69 yuan, accounting for 29.17%; aquaculture income was 680.97 yuan, accounting for 19.83%; non-agricultural income was 1,751.34 yuan, accounting for 51%. The survey shows that in the region where the proportion of agriculture in our region is heavier, the main way for farmers to increase their income has changed from one industry to the second and third industries. The industry has changed from traditional food crops to economic crops. .
Participate in the survey of farmers' education and training: the average educational level of farmers participating in the survey was only 6.84 years, 57 of them were in China and below, accounting for 70.54%; 24 were high school and above, accounting for 29.46%. In the past five years, 61 people have participated in short-term training in agricultural practical science and technology promotion, accounting for 75.3%; 20 people have not participated in it, accounting for 24.7%; the average number of training days for participants is 3 days. It is hoped that 76 people will increase their family income through training, accounting for 94%; 61 people who hope to improve their employment skills through training, accounting for 75%; 48 people who hope to improve production technology through training, accounting for 59%; no obvious training purpose There are 8 people who "joined the fun", accounting for 9.8%. Through training or publicity, farmers' understanding of the five major policies of the current state's reduction and exemption of agricultural taxes, improved seed subsidies, direct food subsidies, agricultural machinery subsidies, and agricultural comprehensive subsidies reached 100%, 81%, 93%, 48%, and 70%, respectively. The survey shows that 70% of the agricultural technology and agricultural policies that are commonly used by farmers are derived from the promotion and promotion of the agricultural sector, indicating that the agricultural sector is still the main channel for farmers to accept agricultural science and technology.
Third, the main characteristics of the skills education training expected by farmers: The current expectations of farmers in our district for education and training have the following characteristics:
Non-agricultural skills training and academic education are more attractive to young people. 75% of farmers under the age of 35 are willing to participate in urban employment skills training, and 48% are willing to participate in college and secondary education. This shows that farmers in the urban circle have a certain understanding of the urbanization process. They know that land acquisition compensation only temporarily relieves the dilemma of life, and employment is the fundamental way to increase income and improve life. Therefore, it is generally hoped to become a citizen. Employment skills. I hope that the majors of training and learning are architecture, decoration, repair, catering, housekeeping, property management, computer operation, etc.
Breeding industry technology and product sales skills training is more practical for farmers who are mainly based on one industry. 80% of farmers who are over 40 years old and are mainly engaged in one industry are willing to participate in breeding and market sales skills training. According to the survey, 46%, 37% and 17% of the people who are 40 years old or older are expected to participate in the training of flower, wood, vegetable and fine grain planting technology; 29% and 18% respectively are expected to participate in the training of pig raising, fish farming and chicken raising technology respectively. And 15%. In other trainings, agricultural product processing training accounted for 18%; agricultural product storage accounted for 20%; 15% expected to participate in agricultural machinery use and maintenance technical training. The survey also showed that 87% of farmers hope to participate in agricultural product marketing skills training, hoping to have agricultural product marketing skills, reflecting the current rural age of relatively large farmers "self-produced and sold" peasant ideology still exists, for professional cooperation organizations Not enough knowledge and participation.
The low-cost, short-term training near the place of residence is more popular. It is found that 46% of the farmers are willing to pay less than 10 yuan for training, 17% of the farmers are willing to pay the training within 20 to 50 yuan, and 9% of the farmers want to participate. Free training indicates that farmers generally prefer low-costers in training costs. 28% of the farmers chose the village as the place to participate in the training; 20% of the farmers chose the town as the place to participate in the training; 43% of the farmers chose the district Agricultural Broadcasting School or the Agricultural Technology Center as the training venue; 9% of the farmers chose the city or The location of other departments as part of the training indicates that most farmers want to be trained on the spot. In the training time, the training time is expected to be 26% for one day; the expected training time is 42% for 2 to 3 days; the expected training time is 4% for 4 to 7 days; the expected training time is more than 7 days. 14%, indicating that most farmers prefer short-term training.
IV. Main problems existing in peasant education and training At present, the rural economic development and peasant income increase in our district are more dependent on labor, business and development of sightseeing and leisure agriculture, in addition to the traditional breeding industry. At present, the industrial pattern of “one village, one product” in rural areas has not been fully formed. At the same time, due to the generally low level of rural labor, lack of professional skills, and relatively narrow employment, the income of migrant workers is generally not high and cannot be fully guaranteed; High, and the scale of development of a family is limited; the development of tourism and leisure agriculture is limited by factors such as land use, capital, infrastructure, etc., and the general grade is not high, and the benefits are difficult to last. In combination with the overall planning and urbanization development trend of our district, relatively speaking, starting from improving the employment skills of farmers to ensure that the rural economy and farmers increase income is the least cost and the most comprehensive investment method. The survey shows that the following problems exist in the development and implementation of large-scale training in rural areas:
Training institutions urgently need to improve the education and training of farmers at this stage, mainly in the district and township governments, agriculture, education, science and technology, labor and other departments, not only lack the necessary policies, funds and public opinion support, and the management departments are not compatible with resource allocation. Lack of clear implementation subjects, the existing peasants' professional technical skills training and internship sites in the whole area rely on the bases of large-scale breeding enterprises or enterprise operation workshops. The large-scale breeding and breeding bases are limited in scale, relatively scattered, and the breeding species are relatively concentrated, lacking comprehensiveness. Enterprises are in their own interests, the purpose and professionalism of training is very strong, and there are practical difficulties in large-volume, multi-caliber and multi-directional training.
The need to change the concept of training is mainly manifested in two aspects. First, the organizational and guiding role of farmers' technical skills at the town and village levels has not been fully utilized. Some cadres believe that as long as farmers can have a job and do not petition, it is enough. The importance of organizing farmers to participate in education and training is insufficient, and publicity and education are not in place. Second, there is an error in the farmers' own understanding. A considerable number of farmers are waiting for urban development and land acquisition. They believe that after the land acquisition, the government will arrange for the employment problem to be solved. The enthusiasm for participating in training and improving their own employment skills is not high, the purpose of learning is not obvious, and the effect of learning is not good. At the same time, some peasants have the idea of ​​quick success and instant benefit. According to the training statistics survey, it takes 25 hours to train a practical technology, 50 hours to train an employment skill, and some farmers hope to master a technology through 2 to 3 days of skills training, even when experts teach field training. Only ask "how to increase production, how to reduce investment" or directly teach "secrets", lacking interest in basic technology and management knowledge that should be available.
V. Suggestions for Current Farmers' Training According to the survey, we believe that to build a new socialist countryside, we must achieve “production development and affluence in life”. The current employment of rural surplus labor is of great importance. In this regard, the following recommendations are made:
Market-oriented, improve the practicality and pertinence of training
First, start from the transfer of farmers and do a good job in pre-job training. This type of training should focus on young and middle-aged farmers aged 18-40 in rural areas, with market practical skills as the main content, and orientation and order training as the main ways to improve the employment rate of transfer jobs. According to the needs of the society and farmers, the professional system is determined according to the needs of the professional. The training method is based on the training subject, and the training method is selected according to the training content. The second is to increase the output of employment, and strive to build a training brand. The training functional department and the training unit shall establish brand awareness and quality awareness, formulate training plans according to national professional standards and basic skills and technical operation requirements for employees in different industries, different types of work, and different positions, scientifically set training majors, and implement short-term The combination of training and academic education, combined with centralized training and decentralized training, combined with on-demand training and order training, take the lead in training and export, and promote the benign circulation of labor export. The third is to start from the needs of enterprise development and do a good job in job training. Guide the employers to fully understand the significance of improving the quality of employees to the development of enterprises, and then attach importance to the training of migrant workers as much as focusing on technological innovation. If they do not have the conditions, they can entrust the vocational training department to train on their behalf. The fourth is to promote agricultural practical technology for the purpose of doing a good job in industrial training. Such training should be targeted at rural middle-aged and older farmers. In view of the fact that these people are over-aged, low-educated, and burdened with family burdens, the training positions will be moved forward, with the main contents of crop cultivation, animal husbandry, pest control, agricultural product processing, and agricultural machinery maintenance as face-to-face. Hand-held training.
Integrating educational resources and strengthening the training system The construction of farmers' technical skills training is a systematic project with a wide coverage and a large number of training groups. It is necessary to integrate the existing educational resources of the city and form a joint force to jointly carry out farmers' technical skills training. At present, in addition to some designated large-scale breeding and enterprise training bases, there are 1 fixed-point training institutions in our district, which are non-commercial social training institutions and belong to the district employment bureau; one is a for-profit social training institution, which is affiliated to the municipal public security bureau. Bureau; 1 family education and training institutions, subordinate to the District Education Commission; 9 social education institutions, private, partnership, shareholding nature. For the rural areas, there are training students, and the lack of training resources; while the teaching units have training resources, the lack of training students, the first is to strengthen the government's overall planning, further deepen the reform of the vocational education system, break the boundaries between the types of departments and vocational schools, break The old ideas of building schools and post-training will work hard to integrate and utilize social training resources, avoid redundant construction of training infrastructure, increase unnecessary capital investment, achieve unified planning and management, and make overall planning, overall planning, and co-ordination of schools. Coordinate resources and truly realize resource sharing. It is recommended that the government set up a leading agency to be specifically responsible for this work. The second is to make full use of the news media and do a good job of combining the publicity and education with the scientific and technological training. Radio and television stations are constantly broadcasting new technologies that farmers urgently need based on seasonal changes in agricultural production.
Raise funds from various sources, increase training and invest in training of farmers' technical skills, and funds are guaranteed. The "2003-2019 National Migrant Workers Training Plan" issued by the State Council clearly states that the central and local governments must increase their support for farmers' skills training, and arrange special funds to support migrant workers' training in fiscal expenditures. The labor transfer training funds are implemented by the government, employers and individual farmers. The subsidy funds for rural surplus labor transfer training should be earmarked for special purposes to improve the efficiency of use. Starting from the actual situation, it is recommended to adopt three parts of the principle to raise funds. The first is the funds for the training of rural surplus labor transfer training; the second is the special funds for finance; the third is the participants who participate in the training, and part of the appropriate transfer, gradually form the government's support, employer subsidies, training units to reduce free use, farmers to bear part of the appropriate input mechanism .