College student rural survey report

Sanguan Village Villager Autonomy Investigation Report Electronic Information Institute Summer Social Practice Group

On June 29th, the University of Electronic Information Branch of our school practiced the "Three Represents" squad and a group of 10 people under the leadership of the teacher, combined with the "three represents" guiding ideology, went to Sanguan Village, Dipu Town, Anji City, to address local villager autonomy. Investigate and summarize the investigations on the four aspects of democratic elections, democratic management, democratic resolutions and democratic supervision of Sanguan Village as follows:

First, democratic elections are the basic issue of village self-government. The key is to overcome bottlenecks, find a balanced basis, and promote the whole.

The democratic election of the village committee is a complex systematic project. The concept of election, the function of election, the technology of election, the program of elections, etc. constitute a series of theoretical and practical networks in democratic elections. According to the leaders of the village committee of Sanguan Village, the village committee of Sanguan Village was elected by all the villagers. The candidates were elected by “sea election” and then the members of the leadership team of the village committee were further elected. However, the questionnaire shows that although the villagers all agree and affirm the democratic elections, the villagers’ legal awareness is generally poor, and the initiative and superiority of democratic elections are not fully reflected. During the investigation, the problems presented by the village were mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Bottleneck restrictions in democratic elections:

The forward-looking nature of the law and the lagging contradiction of cultural traditions. Generally speaking, legal provisions are always based on social practice and are compatible with objective realities. China's village-level democratic elections are themselves a booster of the rule of law democracy. It is not only training for the majority of farmers, but also training for the entire society. It is this bottom-up, democratically electoral system with a certain degree of advancement that promotes the democratic process of our society. However, this driving effect is a gradual process. On the one hand, in the case of major changes in the rural political, economic and social structure in our country, the objective situation urgently needs the deepening of the rule of law democracy; on the other hand, the lag of the peasants' democratic participation consciousness has a deeper traditional cultural foundation. Reflected in the direct election of the village committee, many voters chose the members of the village committee not because of their initiative, but often because they were “shaped”. The understanding of the importance of candidates is far less than the focus on the distribution of interests or the connection of political symbolic backgrounds and the closeness of their own. In the three voting forms stipulated in the "Village Election Procedures", the mobile ballot box voting is only used as an auxiliary form and should be limited to a certain extent. However, in the specific implementation, most villages have no conditions to conduct centralized voting in the conference, and many villagers do not want to go to a fixed voting field, polling stations to vote, and even some places have "selling tickets" phenomenon. Therefore, the provisions of village-level democratic elections are obviously contrary to the needs of voters themselves. The level of voter turnout in elections does not fully reflect the strength of voters' democratic awareness.

The finiteness of legal provisions contradicts the complexity of actual operations. The process of democratic rule of law in rural China has started at the same time as reform and opening up. Various social relations are constantly changing and uncertain. The democratic electoral system formed under this environment is still preliminary. It needs a process of gradual improvement. Therefore, the provisions of the Organic Law of the Village Committee on the provisions of democratic elections cannot be comprehensive. Although the "Election Method" of local regulations can provide certain support, it also has many limitations. There are large gaps between laws, regulations and implementation rules, principle provisions and specific measures. Some regulations are too principled and inconvenient to operate; some have behavioral patterns but have no legal consequences; some have vague connotations, and are not easy to understand. . Here are just a few points to see: First, the criteria for candidates for village committee members are difficult to grasp. Article 12 of the "Organization Law of the Village Committee" stipulates that "villages who are 18 years of age or older, regardless of nationality, race, gender, occupation, family origin, religious belief, education level, property status, and residence period, have the right to vote and be The right to vote. However, except those who are deprived of civil rights in accordance with the law." Article 13 of the "Village Committee Election Procedures" refines the candidates' selection criteria. If the Election Committee qualification is reviewed, it is difficult to grasp whether a person who has been elected but does not meet the selection criteria is recommended as a formal candidate, especially if the Election Committee and the electorate are more This is especially true in the case of disagreements. Second, the phenomenon of "drawing tickets" in the election is difficult to handle. The canvassing behavior has both normal and reasonable behaviors, unreasonable behaviors, and even acts of "bribe elections" and so on. At the same time, there will be both. How to define the differences between them and properly handle them, the lack of legal basis brings about the noise in the election. Third, the validity of the election results is difficult to identify. In some small links, deviations or inadequacies are inevitable, some can be corrected immediately, and some are difficult to operate afterwards. Once the election results are produced, there is no clear legal basis for how to determine their effectiveness. "The article is organized, and the copyright belongs to the original author and the original source. 』

2. Balanced basis in democratic elections:

The key to the effective functioning of the overall function of villagers' direct election law is that they seek to coordinate their internal structures in adapting to changes in social development. Therefore, in practice, we should focus on the following aspects:

Demand and possibilities. Any social relationship needs to be adjusted by the corresponding social norms to maintain normal order. The orderlyness of the direct election of the village committee must also be realized in the operation of the balance of “revenue and expenditure” according to the objective needs of the rural areas. On the one hand, the direct election of the village committee has the need to achieve a wide range of interests through certain legal norms. On the other hand, the objective reality of the village should have the ability to pay for legal operating costs. Therefore, in the process of regulating democratic elections, we should fully consider the restrictive role and mutual relationship of various elements of rural social demand to legal provisions. Sometimes, in terms of the economic, political, and cultural conditions of the local economy, there is a need to regulate a certain legal act, but it does not necessarily have its corresponding cost-paying ability.

Benefits and costs. In the case of relatively constant social payment capacity, the lower the operating cost of the law, the higher its efficiency. The legal benefits of village-level democratic elections should be at the lowest operating costs for the best election purposes. It is the most direct purpose of democratic elections to make a large number of peasants with better quality and trust of the people go to the work of the village committee, so as to radiate the development of the rural economy and the stability of the society in order to achieve long-term overall benefits. In the legal operation of village-level democratic elections, how to find the relative balance between cost and benefit, there are many aspects worthy of further discussion.

Careful and simple. The principle of combining lawfulness with law and simplicity is the inherent requirement of legal operation in rural democratic elections. The whole process of village-level democratic elections must be deducted, the statutory procedures can not be changed, the prescribed steps can not be less, the troubles can not be avoided, the map can be saved, and the passage cannot be passed. However, affected by the objective environment of the rural areas and the cultural psychology of the villagers, from the perspective of electoral practice, the same election goal can be achieved, and the villagers are more willing to accept simple and easy election methods. The direct election without candidates in some places is welcomed by the rural people and succeeded. The organization and the simple form are an important reason.

3. Overall promotion - countermeasures in democratic elections:

In the guidance and running-in, the villagers' awareness of participation and participation level will be strengthened. Strengthening the villagers' awareness of participation and participation is a soft environment for democratic self-government in rural areas. Without the idea and thoughts of the broad masses of peasant people, the legal provisions for the best democratic elections will be distorted. The continuous enrichment of village-level democratic election practices is a big classroom for creating a democratic and rule of law environment. For the majority of villagers, only they realize that they are determined by different conditions in different villages.
For the implementation of democratic management, we must first adhere to and improve the village meeting or village representative meeting system. Villages with a small population and concentrated population use village meetings, while villages with large populations and scattered residences use village representative meetings. Clearly stipulate the composition of the villagers' representative meeting and its conditions, responsibilities, and rights to formulate the content of the proceedings and the rules of procedure, determine the mode of activities, the program of activities and the time of activities, and strictly enforce them as required. Secondly, in accordance with the laws, regulations and policies of the state, combined with the reality of the locality, clearly stipulate the content of democratic deliberations. All major issues of village affairs management and the handling of hot and difficult issues of concern to farmers should be convened to discuss with the party members. They will then submit to the villagers' meeting or the villagers' representative meeting to discuss, solicit opinions from the people inside and outside the party, implement democratic decision-making according to the opinions of the majority, and resolutely correct the practice of several cadres themselves regardless of the will of the people. To implement democratic management, we must also earnestly strengthen the democratic supervision of the village cadres.

The investigation found that Sanguan Village did a better job in autonomy. As soon as they walk into the office of their village committee, they can see the various rules and regulations that are hanged on the wall, just like the members of the governance and regulation committee, the regulations of the governing cadres, the duties of the police to adjust the information, the help group and its Responsibilities, village guards and their duties, anti-drug banned propaganda groups and their duties, etc. From this point of view, it is true that the autonomy system of Sanguan Village is relatively complete, and the operation is still relatively standardized. The person in charge of the village introduced us to their usual way of working and methods. Sanguan Village is a large village with a total of more than 600 households with a total of more than 2,800 people. The entire village is quite narrow. It is for this reason that it is not easy to convene a village meeting. Therefore, the village decides what big things to do by convening a villager's congress. Sanguan Village is divided into 16 small teams, and the captain of each small team has to manage dozens of people to hundreds of people. The captains were elected by the villagers from their team, which is very democratic. The decision or communication in the village is to discuss with the captains through the village head, the secretary, etc., and then the captain is responsible for implementing the details of their team. Outside the Sanguancun Village Committee, there is a striking village affairs public column, which details the details of the village's various projects and the expenses of many villages.

In order to make our survey more complete, we use the questionnaire to understand some situations from the villagers' mouth. Through this questionnaire, the true credibility of the series of practices adopted by the village leaders has been increased, and some existing problems have been found from the views of the villagers. Some of the survey data are as follows: 42.1% of the villagers said that they have not opened all the villagers' meetings, and 36.8% of the villagers are not aware of this. Others said that they have been opened once or twice. 58.8% of the villagers believed that the content of the meeting was to convey the central archives and discuss the major events in the village. 35.3% of the villagers believed that the meeting had no substantive content and took the form. 76.2% of the villagers did not know that the central government required the implementation of village affairs disclosure and democratic management policies, and only 23.8% of the villagers knew this. 85.7% of the villagers believe that there is no indiscriminate charging, and only 14.3% believe that there are arbitrary charges. Farmers encounter unreasonable burdens, 50% of them lead to superiors, and the department responds, 38.9% follow the trend, 11.1% choose to reject, and almost no one knows that they will sue in court. The villagers are more willing to unify, accounting for 44.4%. In addition, 33.3% are willing to take the lead in cadres and peasants, 22% of them are villages and farmers are volunteering. In fact, some of the views are similar to this.

From the above information, it can be shown that there are many places that farmers do not understand about the village affairs in the village, and some people do not even know. In the future, it should be the farmers who know more about these things, and it also has great benefits. On the whole, the villagers are still quite satisfied with the current village committee. The only shortcoming pointed out that it is necessary to publicize the spirit of the village and the archives of the central and local governments so that the villagers can better understand their contents and thus better villager autonomy. , to achieve better results.

3. Democratic decision-making plays a key role in the villager autonomy system.

The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Insist and improve democratic centralism and enhance the vitality and unity of the party." Implementing democratic decision-making is the essence of democratic centralism in the decision-making of party committees; strengthening democratic decision-making is the proper meaning of adhering to and perfecting democratic centralism. Only by improving the quality of party-party democratic centralism can we better implement it. Implement the spirit of the 16th Party Congress, promote the implementation of various tasks and the rapid development of economic construction.

There are 800 million peasants in China. Realizing village self-government is a manifestation of peasants being the masters of the country, and democratic decision-making plays a key role in the villager autonomy system. First of all, decision-making is of great importance and the losses caused by mistakes in decision-making are greatest. Under the conditions of market economy, the factors affecting decision-making are more complicated, and democratic decision-making can minimize the risk of decision-making mistakes. Democratic decision-making has a special significance for agriculture. The production cycle of agricultural products is long, and it is often inadvertent and difficult to turn over in a few years. Second, decision-making is a hot spot of public concern. Things that require democratic decision-making are generally more important issues. It is impossible to bring some trivial things to "democracy." Since it is a relatively important issue, without the democratic participation of the people, the villagers’ autonomy will lose its focus. Third, democratic decision-making affects the other three democracies. Whether decision-making is democratic or not is a test of the quality of democratic elections. The members of the selected village committees are high, and the decision-making is generally democratic. On the contrary, democratic decision-making will be shaped; democratic decision-making is a prerequisite for democratic management, and democratic decision-making can Making decision-making science, and scientific decision-making is the premise of effective management; democratic decision-making is the focus of democratic supervision. As mentioned above, the decision-making of democratic decision-making on important matters is of course the focus of democratic supervision.

In this social practice, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 60 villagers randomly selected in Sanguan Village, Anji County. Among the five questions asked about “democratic decision-making”:

Knowing that the village has carried out village planning, accounting for 53%, the rest do not understand this; but the villagers and towns planning 75% of the villagers expressed satisfaction, 19% of the villagers are not satisfied, the rest said it does not matter.

How should the major decisions in the village be made? 39% and 35% of the villagers think that there should be a decision by the village leaders or the leaders of the villages to decide: 17% and 9% of the villagers think that it should be decided by the village representatives or all the villagers.

In the eyes of 74% of the villagers, the cadres working in the countryside are the most influential, while the rest think they have the ability to be outside.

48% of the villagers feel that they are in a general position in the village; 38% of the villagers think they have no status; another 14% think they have a certain status.

50% of villagers are occasionally invited to participate in major decision-making in the village; 14% are often invited; 36% of villagers have never been invited.

It should be pointed out that rural village decision-making has been operated on a certain degree of democracy, but there is still a certain distance from the requirements and principles of democratic decision-making as stipulated by relevant legal systems. This is mainly manifested in two aspects:

1. The direct participation of villagers in major village affairs decision-making is far from meeting the requirements of laws and regulations.

First of all, according to the relevant laws and regulations, the villagers have the right to decide on the major affairs of the village. The above information shows that not all major village affairs are directly involved in decision-making by the villagers. In the actual operation of village-level decision-making, the facts of major village affairs can be divided into two categories, and different decision-making methods are adopted. The first category is important village decision-making, which is mainly decided by the village community leading group. The other type is the decision-making of the extra-large villages. In different ways, they have absorbed the villagers' direct participation in the resolution process. However, there are not many opportunities for such participation, and the actual impact on decision-making is very limited. Secondly, according to the national system regulations, villagers' meetings and villager representative meetings are the main forms in which villagers directly participate in the democratic decision-making of major village affairs in the village. However, in the actual operation of village decision-making, no matter whether it is a village meeting or a village representative meeting, there is no substantive decision-making power. The villagers' meeting, especially the decision-making all village meetings that resolve major village-level affairs, are basically not held for various reasons. When encountering particularly important and complex village-level affairs closely related to the interests of all villagers, they often call the two committees of the village. It will hold a joint meeting with the village heads and the natural village heads, or the joint meeting of the village committees and party members, and sometimes also convene village cadres and village group leaders and all party members to make joint decisions.

2, the village leadership group decision-making village affairs have a certain deviation from the principles of democratic decision-making system

From the formation and tendency of the decision-making of the village leadership group, the wishes of the villagers are not fully reflected. In accordance with the relevant regulations, the village leadership group should make decisions on the basis of extensively absorbing the opinions of the villagers. Judging from the actual situation of the decision-making of the village leadership group, it should first be affirmed that a considerable part of the decision-making is based on the wishes of the villagers. However, from the perspective of decision-making formation and decision-making tendency, the decision-making of the village leadership group is the result of the interaction and influence of various institutions, organizations, groups or individuals, and each decision made by it always represents a certain interest tendency. It is undeniable that a considerable part of important decisions in reality do not necessarily reflect and represent the wishes and interests of the majority of the villagers.

Village-level democratic decision-making is the primary link of village self-government, but it is exactly what we analyzed earlier that the actual operation of village-level decision-making is always carried out in a specific village governance environment. Affected by environmental factors, the actual operation of village-level affairs decisions will inevitably deviate from the democratic decision-making system. At this stage, most of the village-level democratic decision-making in rural China shows the characteristics of “democracy under centralized guidance”. The decision-making power of village-level affairs is actually mainly in the hands of a few people, especially the village leaders, and there is still a certain distance from the institutional requirements for democratic decision-making. Such a decision-making mechanism may be beneficial to improve the efficiency of decision-making, but it may be that the decision-making power is too concentrated and it is easy to make major mistakes in decision-making and decision-making is separated from the people. The author believes that the villagers' autonomy in rural China is still at the stage of “governance governance” or “elite governance” at this stage, and there is still a certain distance from “population autonomy”. Villager autonomy has a process of gradual evolution from cadre governance-elite governance-population autonomy. To achieve the goal of rural grassroots self-government in the true sense, it takes a long period of time to create certain foundations and conditions. If the "popular autonomy" and democratic decision-making are subjectively, blindly and compulsory in the context of immature conditions, it is likely to cause various negative effects that endanger rural political stability and social development. 4. The focus of democratic supervision is the supervision of the people's public on leading cadres at all levels.

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that developing socialist democratic politics and building socialist political civilization are important goals for building a well-off society in an all-round way. The most fundamental thing in developing socialist democratic politics is to organically unite the party’s leadership, the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law. The fact that the people are the masters of the country is the essential requirement of socialist democracy. The party must lead the people. To be a good family and a good master, we must further promote democracy. Strengthening democratic supervision will certainly promote the development of socialist democratic politics and better realize the rights and fundamental interests of the people as masters of the country.

The focus of democratic supervision is the supervision of the people's people on leading cadres at all levels. The main content is to supervise whether leading cadres at all levels adhere to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thinking of the 'Three Represents'; whether to correctly implement the party's line and principles and policies; whether to correctly exercise the powers conferred by the people; whether to carry forward democracy and act in accordance with the law; Whether it is strict with self-discipline, honesty and honesty; whether to maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the people. The high degree of self-consciousness and the democratic supervision of the people are important guarantees for the work of leading cadres at all levels.

People's democratic supervision is an important aspect of democratic supervision, including legal supervision, administrative supervision, public opinion supervision and public supervision, so as to strengthen the restriction and supervision of the power of leading cadres at all levels. In order to further investigate the issue of rural democratic supervision and fully understand the status quo of rural villagers' autonomy, the Summer Social Practice Team of the Electronic Information Branch of Hangzhou Institute of Electronics Industry held the “Three Rural Areas” activity, and started the village self-government in Sanguan Village, Anji City. Social survey.

According to the results of the paper survey, 81% of the villagers expressed satisfaction with the current village committee and expressed considerable trust and support to the village committee officials. At the same time, the data show that 61.9% of the villagers in Sanguan Village are not clear about the current village affairs, and 47.6% of the villagers do not know whether there is a village affairs public section or a village affairs open room. According to the introduction of the village committee cadres, the village has corresponding democratic supervision policies and measures. The students of the practice team also saw the detailed village affairs public column in the downstairs of the village committee office. This phenomenon is to some extent Reflects the problems of rural democratic supervision. Democratic supervision is an important part of the villager autonomy system. The survey results show that the current villagers' awareness of democracy and supervision need to be further improved.

At present, the current situation in rural areas shows that the centralized management rights of village committees and the decentralized supervision rights are asymmetric, and this asymmetry often leads to the expansion of managers' power consciousness, which leads to a series of problems that run counter to the democratic system. . Although the rural grassroots party organizations shoulder the supervisory function, this kind of supervision is affected by the fact that the relationship between the party branch and the village committee needs to be further rationalized in theory and practice. In response to this situation, the development of rural democratic supervision should focus on the universal implementation of open village affairs, the active actions of the villagers' democratic financial management team, the effective exercise of the villagers' right to recall, and the investigation of the negligence of the village committee members. Judging from the current situation of villagers' autonomy in Sanguan Village, democratic supervision has changed from abstract "paper rights" to actual actions, which has played a certain role in restricting the use of rights by village cadres. On this basis, the villagers' awareness of democracy and supervision are improved. Consciousness has deepened the supervision of democracy into the hearts of the people and made it the most important thing to strengthen the autonomy of rural villagers!

In the course of this summer social practice, in addition to the investigation of targeted topics, the practice detachment of our branch also combined with its own professional expertise to carry out the practice of “three representatives”, publicity prevention and treatment of SARS, computer demonstration teaching, etc. in Sanguan Village. The “Three Rural Areas” activities of the Culture, Science and Technology Health Department presented the “Three Represents” study books and the prevention and treatment of SARS to the Sanguancun Village Committee, and worked with the village branch secretary on the economic construction and village work of Sanguan Village. In-depth and meticulous communication, let the students of our colleges, while doing a good job, have a deeper contact with the society, understand the society, learn to focus on the crowd, invest in the society, cast into the reality, and seek new ways to gain true knowledge!