Investigation report on water pollution

Member: Zhang Qing Huang Jinlong Yao Daoming Jiang Xipeng Ye Xing Lin Wei

Team leader: Wu Yi

Instructor: Xie Jinyu

Since the 1950s, the scale of global production has expanded rapidly and the population has increased rapidly. The resources obtained from nature have surpassed the regeneration capacity of the natural world. At the same time, the waste discharged into the environment exceeds the environmental capacity, and global resource depletion and serious Water pollution is particularly serious in the case of environmental pollution and destruction. Several of our students used the spare time to conduct on-the-spot investigations on the water quality of Sanming City, and inquired about relevant domestic materials, which made the issue of water pollution more profound. Understanding.

What is "water pollution"?

The Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated in 1984 has a clear definition, that is, the water body changes its chemical, physical, biological or radioactive characteristics due to the intervention of a certain substance, thus affecting the water. The phenomenon of effective use, endangering human health or destroying the ecological environment, causing deterioration of water quality is called water pollution.

Water pollution is divided into two categories: one is natural pollution; the other is anthropogenic pollution. At present, the most harmful to the water body is man-made pollution. Water pollution can be divided into chemical pollution, physical pollution and biological pollution according to different pollution impurities.

At present, more than 420 billion cubic meters of sewage is discharged into rivers and lakes every year, polluting 550 million cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the total global river flow. In recent years, urban water pollution in China The problem is serious. In the 176-day urban section monitored in 1998, 52% of the river sections were heavily polluted. According to statistics, the total amount of urban waste water discharged in 1999 was 60.6 billion tons, of which industrial wastewater accounted for 67%. The total amount of emissions has nearly doubled since 1980. According to the monitoring results of the water conservancy department. In 1980, the proportion of contaminated rivers in the country was 21%, and in 1999 it increased to 38%. According to monitoring, groundwater in most cities is polluted to a certain extent by point and surface, and it has a tendency to increase year by year.

China's current measures Since the 1970s, China's water pollution prevention and control work has received more and more attention from governments at all levels and all walks of life. Many measures have been taken and some results have been achieved, such as the formulation of a series of related regulations and the establishment of management. The organization has strengthened monitoring and supervision to build a number of sewage treatment facilities to promote clean water and clean production processes, such as “zero action” to control pollution in the Huaihe River.

The shortcomings are: 1. The problem of structural pollution is outstanding. The number of papermaking and chemical enterprises in some basins is still too much, and some enterprises “relapsed from old diseases” continue to exceed the standard. The pollution load is difficult to reduce. Before the discharge of the standard, many places have done surface articles. Once the “zero action” is reached, some enterprises will “relapse”.

2, domestic sewage, lack of surface pollution. Domestic sewage and non-point source pollution have become the main sources of pollution in some river basins. For example, Dianchi Lake, domestic pollution sources account for 45% to 56%, and non-point source pollution accounts for 33% to 40%. Dianchi Lake achieves industrial pollution sources after reaching standards, although industrial pollutants The emissions have dropped significantly, but the effect on eutrophication of lake water is not obvious. According to a report by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the construction of some urban sewage treatment plants in the basin has been slow, and has become a weak link in the prevention and control of water pollution. "The article is organized, and the copyright belongs to the original author and the original source. 』

3. The self-purification ability of the river in the dry season is poor, and the pollution is aggravated.

4. In some places, the relationship between water conservancy construction and environmental protection has not been properly handled, which has aggravated the deterioration of water. In some places, in order to prevent floods and droughts, to ensure the use of industrial and agricultural water, many reservoirs and dams have been built, such as the Huaihe River Basin. More than 4,000 gates and dams. In some places, the dam is blocked for one year. When the water turns black and smells, the sewage will be discharged and the lower continent will be polluted. Everyone knows the truth that "the water does not rot", but in the "three rivers and three lakes" basin, many places have become "a pool of dead water". Therefore, some basins have rebounded after reaching the standard discharge.

Measures to be taken: 1. Continue to improve the relevant legal system, increase supervision and law enforcement, and promote legal publicity to raise the legal awareness of cadres and people.

2. Strengthen the management of water pollution prevention and control, establish a water environment security system, and gradually realize unified management, scientific management and democratic management.

3. Promote water-saving technology, cause production technology and wastewater treatment and reuse technology, and continue to reduce sewage discharge coefficient.

4. Adjust the industrial structure. Especially in water-deficient areas, it restricts the development of industries that consume water and discharge pollutants.

5. Establish an investment guarantee mechanism, adhere to multi-channel, multi-level and multi-faceted funds to ensure the implementation of water pollution prevention and control project construction and management measures.

China is a serious absolute poor country! What does poor water mean? Poor water is anemia! Water pollution? That is the pollution of blood!

Franklin of the United States once said: "The well is not dry, people don't know the value of water." We really should remember his words, because the current trend will continue to be very embarrassing in China.

After reading the country now, let's go back and look at Sanming.

When we interviewed the public, we got the following answer:

We ask: Grandpa, what do you think is the difference between Shaxi River and the past?

Grandpa A: When there is a national inspection, it will be cleaner. After a long time, it will be dirty again. No way!

We asked several nearby residents: Do you think the Shaxi River is clean?

A: We feel that it is much better than before. In the past, there was always industrial wastewater discharge. A large amount of sewage was discharged from there. The river was black, and there were many white foam floating on it. The garbage was very much and there was a stench. It could not Let people be close. Now, you see, the river is cool now, and even people are fishing here in the summer. We feel that it is much cleaner than before. Others replied: "I am a resident here. Before the summer, the river was dirty and smelly. The surrounding residents did not have environmental awareness. They always dumped garbage in the river or on the shore. Children and children urinate and defecate. Fly mosquitoes around the Shaxi River are flying all over the sky, no one wants to live here!

When we asked the pedestrians on the shore again, we initially concluded that the river in Sanming has changed a lot from the past. In addition to the state funding, the environmental awareness of Sanming people, especially those living around them, has also improved significantly. . However, the floating population and the surrounding stall vendors also lack general hygiene knowledge, and sometimes they will discard the garbage and cause pollution. Therefore, the Shaxi River needs further remediation and maintenance. The key is to improve the environmental awareness of people living in Sanming, increase environmental protection propaganda, and need to further publicize and educate those who are less self-conscious and indifferent to public utilities, and strengthen supervision and governance.

We visited the relevant environmental department and got the following conclusions:

There are few floating objects on the Shaxi River. Most of the rivers are clear. Some river banks have garbage dumping and the river water is not drinkable. The water quality of the waters in the area is generally good. It has little change compared with the previous year. The surface water compliance rate in the Shaxi Basin is 90%. The main pollution factors are ammonia nitrogen and petroleum. The water quality compliance rate of drinking water sources is 99.6%. The main pollution factor is fecal coliform: the water quality of the lake reservoir is rich in nutrition, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.

According to the annual environmental statistics, the total discharge of wastewater in the city was 239 million tons, an increase of 2.38% over the previous year, of which industrial wastewater accounted for 80.3%, domestic sewage accounted for 19.7%, and chemical oxygen demand totaled 44,849 tons, which was reduced from the previous year. 8.2%. The discharge rate of industrial wastewater discharge was 89.8%. The suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand total phosphorus in the effluent of Ledong Wastewater Treatment Plant in Sanming City exceeded the standard.

The main sources of these pollutions are:

1. Some households also use detergent powder containing phosphorus.

2. A large amount of sewage is discharged directly into the Shaxi River without treatment, and contains various pollutants.

3. The nearby crowd dumps the waste directly into the river.

In response to these problems, we propose a four-point approach to governance:

1 The implementation of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law has received attention from all levels.

2 Pay close attention to the discharge of industrial pollution sources.

3 Multi-party financing to accelerate the construction of facilities.

4 Vigorously implement environmental innovation and improve the urban ecological environment.

After the investigation, our feelings are very deep:

Everyone should protect Sanming's rivers and promote environmental protection at any time, so that they can all act and make it more charming and charming, so that we can add a white jade belt to Sanming! Increase publicity and education, improve citizens' protection of river water, eliminate pollution consciousness, strengthen urban sewage treatment and related facilities, further improve relevant laws and regulations on urban water resources and environmental protection, increase environmental protection efforts, and improve water resources in the city. Quality, contribute to the national prevention and control of water pollution!