Investigation report on rural three rural issues

Since the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has implemented the four No. 1 archives on the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” in the rural areas of Sanxiang, the living standards of peasants have been increasing day by day, and the land of Sanxiang has been changing with each passing day. The whole country has been amazed by the “three changes”. In the "two sessions" in 2005, the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has once again become a hot spot of concern. In order to experience the current rural life, discover and understand some problems in the rural areas, and do our best to appeal to people's attention and find out the problem-solving exports. April 18, 2005, Central South University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering In order to earnestly pay attention to and understand the "three major changes" and some problems in it, the Marxist Learning and Research Branch of the College has carried out a questionnaire survey entitled "Focus on the Great Changes in Sanxiang and Feel the Harmonious Society". We, the 16 students of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Central South University, formed a survey team, divided into three groups, and came to Ningxiang* with the spring breeze to start a two-day rural survey visit.

1. Land, the lifeblood of the peasant. <1>. Eat by farming, get rich and work. When we stepped into the land, the peasant uncle was throwing shackles in the ground. Looking around, a green and green seedling, a thriving landscape. Only in the field, in addition to rice, or rice, occasionally you can see a pond. After two days of visits, we learned that there is not much land here, and each person’s responsibility is about six points. Rice is two seasons a year. One year, the acres can harvest more than 1,000 kilograms of grain, more than 100 pieces of fertilizer and pesticides, and food can only be eaten at home. Moreover, the field only grows rice monotonously, and there are few other cash crops. The villagers in the village, almost all of them who can go out to work, went out to work. Most of the children in the village went out to work when they graduated from the middle school. One of the parents said: "When the farm is busy, you don't have to come back. You have to work outside to get a lot of work. Besides, there are not many fields, and it is thrown, and we can get busy too." The middle-aged man also went out to work. A villager just wanted to go out and met us. He said with enthusiasm: "When I get busy at home, I will come back to work in agriculture and go out to work." "In fact, I can’t earn much. People are bosses. We just work. "It is a basic situation in the countryside to eat by farming and getting rich to work." Now the peasant's profession is step by step from farming to working. The profession has a specialization. The peasants are better at the work in the field. Why can't they seek the path of getting rich from the land? <2>. The peasants lost their land and eating became a problem. Walking on the earthy and fragrant field, there is a forest in front of us, planted with ornamental trees, which is pleasing to the eye. Going forward, I met an old grandfather who looked like a retired teacher in front of a house. After listening to our introduction and problems, the old grandfather was very angry and pointed to the woods in front of him and said, "This is what people rent us." The land, there are more than ten acres, planted these trees, said to be returned after fifteen years, do not know if it will be returned at the time! Even if it is returned, can this place also grow millet! My family also has more than one acre Here, there is only one acre of rice planted.” In the vicinity, we met another old man who took the trees. He said plainly: “This is a big boss, and it’s better to buy it. Thousands, can earn tens of thousands, we can't do it. If we die a few, we can't afford it." Listening, our original happy heart is cool. On the one hand, the land of the peasant class is occupied in this way, how can the peasants eat? On the other hand, this is also a road to prosperity. Why can't our peasant friends leave? <3>. The "three represents" cannot be mentioned only in the mouth, and the interests of the peasants must be placed first. The old Agui led us to look at the cement dam built on the edge of the field and said, "This is a memory of Liu Shaoqi’s 100th birthday. It looks good, but after this build, the water next to the field will not be able to stay. As the water flowed away, the field was basically abolished.” The “three represents” pointed out that the Chinese Communist Party represents the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. This cannot be an empty talk. Nowadays, the basic living population protection of the peasants has been violated. Can we still say that it safeguards the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people? Since the beginning of human society, land has always been the lifeblood of people and the lifeblood of survival. The peasants are the glorious mission of cultivating land. Farmers should develop their own expertise and make full use of the land to develop the economy. The state and the government should also give positive guidance and full support, and should not harm the interests of farmers. It is close to Changsha City and has the right time and place to develop ornamental trees. What is lacking is “human harmony”. The government should provide farmers' technology and provide partial loans. Even if there are risks, farmers can buy insurance to reduce risks.

2. Rural corruption cannot be ignored and the system needs to be improved. <1>. Democracy is undemocratic and cannot be seen on the surface. When we mentioned the election, the old grandfather said: "The ticket is for us, but there is only one candidate." We listened, it was really dumbfounding. In today's society, democracy is everywhere, and rural nature is no exception. And like this, give everyone a vote and then let them participate in elections with only one candidate. Is this democracy? <2>. Leading cadres, correcting the style; handing over the work and sorting out the accounts. Lao Agong also mentioned: "In that year, when we repaired the road in front, we occupied our cultivated land, saying that it subsidized us hundreds of thousands. After that, we only sent a little bit of it. Later, the ghost knows where to go. The ten acres of woods don't know if they can return them at the time? This is the question left by the previous leadership team. Now they have changed again, they will not pay attention to these things. The new officials ignore the old accounts. In the past few years, the problem of corruption has been tightened, but it has not caught the countryside. In the countryside, the hard-earned money of countless peasants has been lost for no reason, and they have all been broken into personal pockets. Parents have made mistakes, where do farmers go to talk? One-time leadership, leaving the post, another cadre, hastily rushed to the post, the unresolved problem is gone. <3>. How can public-owned township enterprises become private? "The brick factory was owned by our village in the early years." . "Old Agong also mentioned such a problem. "At this point, I don't know how to get it. What kind of shareholding system is in place, and our farmers have not been assigned stocks. The stock is in the hands of several people. Isn't this private? Moreover, the original brick factory paid 150,000 yuan to the village every year, but now it is only a little over 70,000! What about the other 70,000? In the reform of state-owned enterprises, the countryside has also taken a small step. In this small corner of the countryside, this reform is not perfect. There may be many electric refrigerators. These teachers are detrimental to the interests of farmers. How can this sit down? It doesn't matter. Rural corruption and the rural system seem to be easily overlooked by everyone, and this is crucial for the development of the countryside. The most important thing is the rule of law, “the rule of law.” First, the state has We have formulated a set of laws and regulations that are suitable for the rural areas and aimed at corruption and the system of township enterprises. Moreover, we have vigorously promoted them. Like our college students, we should go to the countryside to carry out legal propaganda and let the farmers establish a sense of legal system. The peasants’ consciousness has gone up. It is also a kind of supervision of corruption and plays a certain role in making a difference.

3. Rich and poor and education. <1>. Teacher and peasant. During the visit, the most affected farmers did not ask any questions. Instead, the old aunt of a retired teacher was unhappy when pointing out these problems. He said: "In fact, I am eating the national grain, but I only see these things. But just go." During the visit, when we asked if there was a bulletin board in the village, some villagers said that they had, but rarely went to see, and some even said that there was no bulletin board at all. When asked where the funds in the village came from, and where they went, they said: "The village cadres will pay the money, and it is not very clear what the money is going to do." Farmer uncle, you don’t care about yourself. Maintaining your rights and interests is not a good opportunity for many villains. <2>. Education expenditure, farmers' problems When asked about children's education problems, a middle-aged father said: "My family's children are five years old and now go to kindergarten." He went up, and if he didn't take the test, he would forget it.” When it comes to education costs, it is a headache for farmers. A farmer who was interviewed said: “The agricultural tax is now exempted. In fact, the agricultural tax is not too much, so it’s not too much. A few tens of dollars, mainly because this little child is going to school, it is too expensive!" One of the villagers who were interviewed was more interesting. He said: "Now the rural population is not as strict as it was before. Who is dare now? Born, when children go to school, it is a big problem." Many of the villagers who were interviewed said that their children went out to work when they finished the middle school, and only a very small part of the high school. Reading has always been regarded as the best way to jump out of the farm gate. Moreover, every child, whether a child of a poor family or a child of a rich family, has the same right to love education. It is not possible to deprive children of their right to education, especially higher education, because of the high level of education funding. As mentioned above, strengthen the peasants' awareness of the legal system and protect their own rights and interests. In addition, the state should increase education funds, expand education loans, and allow children to complete their studies through loans; on the other hand, appeal to those who have achieved success in the society to invest in the future of the motherland. With the mission of investigation, we walked into the countryside; with a more arduous mission, we went out of the countryside... Survey statistics: I: The basic situation of agriculture and rural areas According to the questionnaire, the farmers in the area are mainly paddy fields, and the per capita possession of paddy fields About 0.86 acres. Each mu can produce about 800 kilograms of grain, calculated according to the price of food for 1.2 yuan per kilogram, and then deducting the cost of pesticides, fertilizers, seeds and other external factors of 800 yuan, 1600 yuan per year for two seasons, that is, the income per capita paddy field is 1600 yuan. *0.86=1376 yuan. If the agricultural tax was previously paid, the per capita income would be reduced by nearly one hundred yuan. In addition, in the rural areas close to the Huaminglou scenic area, the situation is obviously better than other villages. Information flow and sideline development are often carried out, but the per capita possession of paddy fields is relatively small and the production cost is high. In general, the per capita income of more than 3,000 yuan fully reflects the poor living environment in rural areas, which shows that if farmers do not play part-time jobs or develop side businesses other than traditional agriculture, they cannot survive. Moreover, this information may also be a higher actual data and an average data. However, the actual situation is not developed in the sideline, which is basically very underdeveloped. We suspect that it is the reason for the shortage of labor or the cost-effectiveness of man-made work. In addition, we found in the economic development report of the four counties in Changsha that the output value of the second industry in Ningxiang County ranks third in Changsha. However, there are no factories in the villages we visited. Geographical differences? The basic situation of economic development of four counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Changsha City? The total population of Wangcheng County, Ningxiang County, Liuyang City, Changsha County, 73.90132.72131.4271.74 GDP? Among them: the primary industry, the secondary industry, the tertiary industry 87.17 17.03 47.98 22.1667.55? 32.07? 18.2561.72 19.41 21.67 20.6449.72 12.01? 21.60? 16.11 GDP per capita 11780507847216941 Total output value of agriculture, forestry and fishery 27?3527?3231.6318.36 Gross industrial output value 46?2612?9216.2913.38 Total retail sales of social consumer goods 16?4222?8315.6312?75 Financial income 30000272151593914075 Financial expenditure 40239415182646320511 Farmers' per capita net income 3267.783052.842928.302513.08 II: Living standards The standard of living in rural areas is not a good compliment anyway! Although the villagers we interviewed all have TV sets, electric fans, and some have telephones, there are still few electric freezers, washing machines, etc., and many of them have TV sets but wireless. The farmers stayed at a lower level in eating, drinking and living. Of course, it is okay to implement in the areas of subsistence allowances and disability subsidies! Third: Education, except for a few cases, the children of these villagers are all graduated from the middle school, which proves that the work of popularizing nine-year compulsory education in China is effective. However, in these villages, there are few high schools and universities. And according to the farmers themselves, reading is obviously useful, but children can't read and don't want to read. I think this is a question worthy of attention! At the same time, many farmers think that reading is useful, and the use is to make money, because most of them say that if they can earn money, they can not read. IV: Rural Grassroots Democracy In general, each village has village cadres. These people are elected by the villagers themselves. However, it is understood that the candidates are generally 6-7 people. I wonder if they are almost equal. The villagers thought that the work of the village cadres was basically satisfactory, but they did not know that the village affairs were open. For the cadres above the village level, I don’t know anything! V: Health care The majority of farmers nowadays no longer believe in superstition, and they all think of taking medicines and injections when they are sick. However, the more expensive medical expenses make them have to drag on when they are sick, or get some earthwork to cure the disease, and it is a common phenomenon when they buy medicines. It is a last resort to go to the hospital. VI: The situation of going out to work is undoubtedly a happy thing for us to interview. We should not be in arrears of wages for the people we interviewed, nor have we encountered any trouble in the city. Those who work outside the home can save an average of several thousand to more than 10,000 yuan a year to send home. This has almost become the foundation of the peasant's survival, because it is much higher than the income of agriculture. "Three no-persons" should ensure that the "three no-persons" in the rural areas should be guaranteed to be fully protected; for the disabled, due to illness or due to natural disasters, the per capita income of the family is lower than the minimum living standard for local rural residents. Rural residents should be given priority in the scope of protection. Up to 1,500 yuan / person a year, Changsha County, Wangcheng County, Liuyang City, Ningxiang County, the minimum living standard for rural residents is 840 yuan / person a year, scattered in the rural "three no staff" full enjoyment, the other poor people enjoy the difference; The rural “three no-persons” who are centrally supported by the nursing homes are 1,200 yuan/person for one year. The minimum living standard for rural residents in Furong District, Tianxin District, Yuelu District, Kaifu District and Yuhua District is 1,200 yuan/person for one year. The “three no-persons” in the scattered rural areas enjoy full enjoyment, and other extremely poor people enjoy the difference; the support from the nursing home is concentrated. The rural "three no staff" is 1,500 yuan / person a year.