Survey report on employment of college students

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So what is wrong with the education and employment of college students in China? I think it is necessary to conduct an objective and in-depth discussion. During the summer vacation, I did an investigation at Shandong University and Shandong Agricultural University . After investigation, I found three aspects: First, the reason why college students are difficult to find employment is because the income requirements are too high. Second, after the university students were born with low employment returns, a large number of people chose to continue their postgraduate studies. Thirdly, with the continuous expansion of the postgraduate examinations, a large number of “school drifters” have emerged, that is, those who have graduated from universities but remain on campus or around the school. The following describes the above situation separately:
Investigation process:
I. It is difficult for college students to find employment, and generally feel that the reward is too low. What is the reason?
First of all, from the perspective of human capital investment and income, it is not reasonable to unilaterally blame college students for their jobs, especially the choice of income level, and for college students to seek higher-paying jobs. After reviewing the relevant data, it was found that the graduated human capital of urban small, middle school, high school and secondary school, college and university, master's degree and doctoral degree were respectively RMB 31,000, 49,000, 74,000, 19.4. 10,000, 316,000, 498,000; the marginal rate of return on new human capital at each stage was 9.8%, 22.2%, 11.0%, 4.7%, 18.8%, 14.6%. It can be seen that from the secondary education level to the higher education level, human capital investment of 121,000 yuan is required, and the marginal investment is very large. According to relevant survey data, the average salary level of university graduation is about 1,700 yuan per month, and the high school and secondary education is about 1,500 yuan. The university investment return rate is only 4.7%. Such a low marginal rate of return is extremely uneconomical for human capital investment at the university level. Therefore, college students and their parents find a job that can return the income level of the university stage investment, that is, the pursuit of reasonable income for investment, is the most rational response of economic people, and simply says that the conditions for college students to choose careers are too high, pick and choose. From the theory of cost-benefit theory, it is unreasonable. Otherwise, from the perspective of investment recovery, he can't recover the investment in education at the university level. Actually, it is a loss. Then why should he go to college?
Thirdly, there are deep institutional problems in the needs of college students. Mainly because private investment is restricted, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is small, the organizations such as intermediaries and communities are underdeveloped, and freelancers are restricted. Japan has a population of 1.25 billion with 600,000 SMEs, and China has a population of nearly 1.3 billion, only 700,000. Judging from the law of the world, more than 99.5% of enterprises in a country are SMEs; observing the relationship between the number of SMEs and the employed people in enterprises, the average number of SMEs is about 10: from the structure of employment Look, 65% of a country - 80% of workers are employed in SMEs; with the development level, the number of enterprises per thousand is also different, the number of SMEs in developed countries is about 50 per 1,000 people; and many college graduates Later, for the technical workers, managers, entrepreneurs, etc. of SMEs, SMEs are the most popular place for college students to find employment. Why is it difficult to find employment in China? Because the number of small and medium-sized enterprises per thousand is too small. In addition to the concepts of society, parents and college students “eat the royal food” and the official standard, the market entry threshold is high, the time is long, the procedures are large, and the cost is large. It is difficult to start a loan after the establishment of the enterprise. Survival is the most important institutional reason for the small number of SMEs in China.
In addition, I think we should find reasons from the students themselves. As a company, the wages he pays to his employees must be based on the financial benefits that employees can provide. Obviously, the more you can get more and more economic benefits for your business. So what can a university student bring to the company? According to the survey: 1. There are fewer skilled and entrepreneurial talents in education. The training needed by enterprises in university education. The majors, courses, experiments, operations, and internships of senior technical skills are relatively lacking. Many graduated college students have poor practical ability after they arrive at the company and cannot adapt to the needs of the post. In the university, there is almost no entrepreneurship course. After graduating from college, I don’t know how to start a business, how to research and develop the market, how to conduct accounting, how to manage and manage the company, and so on. In addition, there are still some problems in the concept of college students. In the past, our university education was to train talent education for “eat the royal food and hold the iron rice bowl”. After graduating from university, it is generally assigned to the party and government associations, state undertakings, and state-owned enterprise units. The wages have certain standards and are steadily improved. Except for state-owned enterprises, the source of wages is financial funds. In the past, when the number of college graduates was small, A large amount of money allocated to these single finances is also affordable. Now, party and government associations and institutions are carrying out institutional reforms and streamlining of personnel. State-owned enterprises also need to reduce millions of people every year. There are still many people who can come out of this idea.
Second, the postgraduate entrance examination has gradually evolved into a number of people. The "school drifting family" is too difficult.
I graduated from college, but there are still people who are "drifting" on campus...
The “school drifting family” is expanding its military, which has become a hot spot of concern to the society and the media. The so-called refers to those who have graduated, but still stay on campus or around the school, often go to school to eat, go to the school library to access information or attend some lectures in the school, leisure is to visit the small shops around the school......
There is not a certain number of "school drifters" in the end. Such a special group, is their life wonderful or tasteless? Let us walk into the "school drifting family" and learn about their survival and psychological state.
"Strive to fight for a better future" is their goal. They already feel that there is no way out. So they are very bitter - this is my feeling.
"Get up at 6 o'clock, then go to the classroom to study, then eat in the school cafeteria, learn more than 10 o'clock in the evening, and finally return to the rented cabin." In the self-study classroom of Shandong University, I am with the "school drifting family" One of the members chatted. After the failure of the fourth year of postgraduate examination, he decided to take another test. We are the "big five" students on campus. From the outside, we are no different from the teachers and sisters. The dormitory, canteen and library are three points. We are relying on and utilizing the resources of the school, but our hearts are no longer tempted by the colorful world outside. We don't have much "drift" capital.
In addition, I also saw a three-time "post-study". The first two times were a shortfall. Although his mental pressure was great, he said, "I have no retreat." His family situation is not very good.
He can only save food and drink. Every day, when he is not bright, he comes out from the hut where he shares with others. He stays in the classroom for one day and goes home late at night. Almost every day, he is licking bread or instant noodles. "To fight for a better future", this is almost the common wish of all "school drifting and researching". I can't find a good job at the moment, and the postgraduate exam may be a choice. For the "school drifting family", it may be a new starting point for life.
Last year, the national employment system stipulated that: college graduates who did not implement their work units, the school may continue to retain the university where they were originally enrolled within two years according to their wishes. After the implementation of the work unit, the household registration will be moved to the location of the work unit. The introduction of this regulation has left the student who has not yet found a job in the school, and has used the campus as a buffer zone for life.
Suspension of employment has become the choice of many college students. Living near the school, they feel a safe, have a belonging and rely on, this may be their instinct choice. Some experts said that some students have not been "weaned" psychologically after entering the society, and they are unable to adapt to society. Therefore, they choose to return to school to seek spiritual dependence. Although this explanation is too absolute, for the "school drifting family", the feelings of returning to the campus are indeed unresolvable.
Of course, the work of the "school drifting family" has not been settled, and the financial constraints are also an important reason for their choice to continue to retain the campus. “Living near the school, you can enjoy the economical convenience and convenience of the school’s canteens, libraries, etc. You can also charge and check the information. Even the various shops around the school sell what is the cheapest, which restaurant has what Local dishes, we are all clear.” This is a Shandong “school drifting family” telling me why they are near the school.
“Where is drifting, why waste the rare resources of the school?” There are many “school drifters” who value the school’s resources and campus atmosphere.
“After graduating, when I chose my living environment, I always unconsciously compared the selected place with the campus. Later, although I rented a house near the unit, the library, reading room, and self-study classroom in the school used to The place where I left sweat and figure was always lingering. Finally, I moved back to the campus. I have just graduated for more than half a year. For me who is in the field, the campus is the most familiar place for me in this city. A "home" in the spirit.
However, many schools believe that it is not advisable to join the group of “school drifters” when it is easy to apply for suspension of employment. On the one hand, they occupy the school resources, have an adverse impact on the college students who are about to graduate, and are not conducive to the management of the school; on the other hand, the employment situation of college students is becoming more and more serious, giving up the employment opportunities at the right time, blindly being Group assimilation and “school drifting” will make employment more difficult in the future. “First employment and then career choice” should be a wise choice; on the other hand, choosing “school drift” is actually not good for the students themselves. During the period, the file records are in the middle of the blank, and it is easy for the employer to have doubts, which is not conducive to my employment.
Survey summary:

         During the two days, I was exposed to such a "school drifting family", and many times I was touched by their spirit. They are really bitter! I feel that they are not only suffering from the constraints of life, but the greater the tremendous mental pressure they are subjected to. In their words, they have not retreated. I admire these people from the bottom of my heart. However, I feel that this is not a normal situation. As a college student with higher education, after bravely graduating, facing the society, rational analysis, rational choice, looking for a new world suitable for exerting their own talents, self-reliance and self-improvement, returning to society, this is an enterprising life. Attitude, and should not take the postgraduate exam as its own. The reason for the formation of "school drifters" is diverse, but most should be a helpless choice. Their wandering career is also to find a better starting point for life, which is its positive significance. As a buffer for the transformation of the role of life, it calmly plans a career, perhaps half a year, maybe a year, these are normal. However, this state of existence should not be too long and should not be a norm of survival. It is not advisable to be indulged as a way of life. The feeling of "drifting" is very free, but after all, there is no root, instability, and high cost. In addition, as a school, we must also adjust the content of education in a timely manner. In addition to imparting systematic knowledge, we must also focus on cultivating students' good psychological and responsiveness, so that students can successfully complete the connection between campus and society. Difficulties in employment and difficulty in postgraduate study. For the above problems, first of all: to solve the problem of college students' employment difficulties and low returns. First, higher education should be adjusted and reformed, from eating grain education to mass education, adjusting majors, reforming courses, and increasing the setting of technical skills; With all majors in the university department, within one year before graduation, a compulsory entrepreneurship course will be offered to enable university students to master the necessary entrepreneurial plans and find partners. Sign knowledge of partnership agreements, registered companies, and business management. Second, the government should open up the network. All departments should lower the threshold for registered enterprises, shorten the time for starting enterprises, reduce the examination and approval procedures for starting enterprises, reduce the fees and charges for starting enterprises, and let more industries enter for SMEs. After the start of the business. Banks should actively lend to SMEs, and develop more guarantee companies to provide financing guarantees for SMEs. The government and banks can launch micro-credit loans for college students to prevent the government departments from charging and fines for SMEs. This will increase the demand for college students and fundamentally solve the difficulty of college students' employment. In addition, as a postgraduate student, we should actively face the society, rational analysis, rational choice, find a new world suitable for exerting our own talents, stand on our own feet and give back to the society. This is an enterprising attitude towards life, and we should not take the postgraduate examination as our own. I hope that with the reform of the system and the improvement of the concept, the above situation can be improved and solved.