Summary of College Students' Surveying and Mapping Production Practice

I haven't participated in the internship before. This has always been a knot in my heart. I don't have an internship in the university life history of imperfect college life. I have been thinking about it and finally let me wait for an opportunity.

All the teachers and students of our class should go to the society to participate in surveying and mapping production. Because I am studying surveying and mapping, I have been looking for such opportunities for internships . However, this kind of opportunity is not very common. If it is not a school arrangement, I still have I can't get a chance, I won't miss this rare internship .

I. Internship purpose

This is a comprehensive technical exercise internship after the school's completion of the teaching plan for the surveying and mapping courses and internships , experiments, and curriculum design. Its purpose is to consolidate and apply the knowledge of measurement, to participate in practical work, to understand and master the basic knowledge of the profession, and to exercise practical ability to analyze problems and solve problems.

Second, the internship process

1. With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, digital mapping has high accuracy and rapid data collection. The use and maintenance of products are convenient, fast, and highly utilized. It is widely used in surveying and mapping production, land management, Urban planning and other departments, and accepted by the majority of users. It can more easily transmit, process and share digital information, and output the special information required by the user by controlling the graphic layer data, that is, the digital topographic map, which has a positive impact on the geographic information in the information age.

2. Operation principle, the main operation process of digital mapping is divided into three steps: data acquisition, data processing and topographic data output.

3, matters needing attention

1) The main points of the broken parts In the process of measurement, the selection and measurement of the broken parts are very important, and the measuring points are too dense, resulting in dense mapping, which is not necessary; the measuring points are too small, and the basic elements of the terrain are not grasped. For the determination of the broken points, pay attention to the following points.

a The building can be compared with three points. The fourth point can be completed by a computer. Many buildings in the south look more square. In fact, it is an irregular polygon, and all the measured points are needed.

b Irregular landforms should try to measure more points, because some small changes in traditional mapping can be done by hand, but the computer simulation can not reflect the actual terrain.

c For tiles drawn in the order specified in the program, such as bridges, billboards, etc., it is best to measure them in order.

2) The above method is used for the main points of the ruler. The requirements for the observation and the staff of the ruler are relatively high. The first cooperation should be tacit, this point is measured, the next point should be measured what should be connected with the mind; the observer's input number and letter proficiency requirements are higher, generally should be completed within 10 seconds. The second division staff is responsible for the indoor drawing work, and is the main personnel in the mapping process. Therefore, it is necessary to know the comprehensive selection of the ground objects, and the line of the running rule should be determined before the running rule to avoid walking. road.

Using such a measurement method requires time and speed. All that is needed on the station is the process of coding and aligning, and the only thing the staff needs to do is to encode and arrange the prism through the intercom. The current total station measures a coordinate, which is basically within 1 second, and some even reach a point of 0.3 seconds. Affected by walking and other reasons, the geodetic object is about 30 seconds at a point and the landform is within 1 minute. It can be said that the main time is from one point to another, and in such a short time, the sketching personnel Basically, I can't keep up with this idea and speed. About 600 to 900 points per day can be measured by my daily measurement hour. Moreover, the success rate of the connection is above 95%.

3) Other matters

a All equipment to be used must be certified by a qualified department.

b The division of the mapping unit should be based on natural boundaries, such as rivers, roads, etc., to facilitate the application of topographic maps, and also reduce the problem of joints.

c The points that can be measured are measured as much as possible, and the steel ruler is avoided as much as possible. Because the speed measured by the total station is far less than the measurement of the tape measure, and the accuracy is higher.

d When collecting data in the field, if the cooperation is not in the visible range of the station, the information will be transmitted through the use of the walkie-talkie. The person who runs the prism should report the information of the topographical data points to be collected to the station personnel in time to ensure the data. The authenticity of the record.

e Since many of the work of digital mapping is done on a computer, how to strengthen the check is solved by each unit. In particular, when the test area is far from the domestic location, certain measures must be taken.

f Try to collect data in the visual atmosphere of the station. When you are in poor visibility or need to observe by lifting the pole, then point to the nearby station to collect data to avoid the pole from deviating from the terrain. Human error caused by the bit.

g When collecting data from the field, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the landforms on the ground, record as much as possible, and do not bring the doubts back to the internal industry.

4. Master the methods of surveying and mapping data and mapping methods. The group consists of one teacher and four students. The teacher is mainly responsible for draft sketching and control point production, and the students are responsible for specific measurements. Follow the principle of “from the whole to the local”, “first control after the broken”, “from high to low”, and “check with step by step”. The order of each job is:

1). Erect the instrument. When erecting the instrument, it is necessary to ensure that the instrument is stable. Generally, the leg spacing of the tripod is slightly enlarged to ensure a smooth condition. If the angle is too large, the total station will be too low, which will cause inconvenience to the observations and also affect the observer's actions. If the angle is too small, the total station will be unstable and there is a potential danger of instrument damage. Before the observation, the instrument should be verified and aligned to a known point to ensure that the data is authentic.

2). Record. This field data collection operation uses codeless operation. The advantage of this method is that the data collection speed is fast. The disadvantage is that it can only collect data, and can not classify and record the nature of the data. Paint, such as: ridgeline, valley line, trench and other special information will be recorded in the sketch for internal operations. Usually one person is the main test and the other is sketching the sketch.

3). Stand the prism and measure the reading. When standing mirrors, make sure that the mirrors are as vertical as possible, and each rag point is kept at a distance of 35-45 meters. The actual spacing of the broken points is mostly around 35 meters, which meets the accuracy requirements. The total station is able to automatically store data and read faster. There are usually two or three people responsible for the prism, two of which are standing mirrors at the same time.

4). Determine the site. When determining the site, try to ensure a large visible area, while also ensuring that there are known points that can be seen. Therefore, in the actual operation, the test site is generally set at a higher slope or the top of the mountain to avoid frequent relocation.

5). Test site inspection and calibration. After measuring a certain number of points or moving the station, a site inspection is performed. The method of checking is: retesting a known point and checking whether the two errors meet the technical requirements. If the error is out of range, the measured data is incorrect.

5, mapping method:

1) Method introduction On the basis of the field data collection of field work, the industry will use the foreign industry sketches and use the southern cass 5.1 software for mapping. The scale of the drawing is 1:XX and 1:1000. The landform is consistent with the field, the location of the features is accurate, and the use of symbols is correct. The electronic maps have been strictly managed hierarchically, and various thematic maps can be requested. The graphic format is dwg format.

2) Mapping process

a. The establishment of the dat file: first enter the point number of the point in the excel file, then add a space, enter the value of the x coordinate in the third cell, enter the value of y in the fourth cell, select the csv format for storage, and Change the file extension to dat.

b. Booth: Select the “Field Point” in the drop-down menu of the drawing process. Select the file you want in the dialog box that opens, and then click OK to display the field in the screen. And the point number.

c. Dtm is established: in the directory of the contour line, select dtm from the data file, input the drawing ratio 1:XX, choose not to consider the kango, and choose to directly display the result of establishing the triangulation after the carriage return;

d. Modify the triangle: Select the "Remove Triangle", "Add Triangle", "Filter Triangle", "Triangle Interpolation Point", "Reorganize Triangle" commands in the contour table to modify the triangulation according to the prompts. .

e. Sketch the contour line: Select “Hook contour line” under the contour line, enter the contour 2 meters, and select “Tensor Spline Fit”.

f. Contour modification: Select “Remove Triangulation” in the contour table, modify the incorrect contour, and mark the contour along the line or separately note.

g. Add the map method: first use the length and width of the query frame by the project; select "Add any frame" in the drawing processing directory, enter the mapper's name, length and width, and connect the chart in the opened dialog box. Wait for the content related to the graph, and pick the coordinates of the lower left corner of the graph. Complete the mapping of the internal map.

Third, the internship experience

This internship is a big exercise that we are about to leave the campus and go to the society. It is a comprehensive application of surveying and mapping knowledge.

1. Through the internship, I also realized the importance of humility and mutual cooperation. And this is all that can't be learned in the textbook. Therefore, in the future work, it is necessary to learn from the surveying and mapping staff who work in the front line all the year round. Openly ask for advice, study hard, and adhere to the combination of theory and practice, so that you can become a qualified engineering staff faster.

2. Through this measurement internship , I learned a lot, such as more proficient in the operation of the instrument, strengthened the understanding and mastery of the knowledge I learned, and greatly improved the ability to do hands and brain. The book has a glimpse of the end, knowing that this matter is going to take place. In the internship , the face is a real task, not to push the committee and escape, the fieldwork does not give you the time to go back to the book, everything must be resolved on the spot. Therefore, this makes me deeply understand the importance of theoretical knowledge. During the rest of the school, I have to calmly review and review the theoretical knowledge I have learned, so that there is a gap in the chest and it is clear at a glance. To lay a solid foundation for the actual work in the future.

3. Expanded the ability to communicate and cooperate with others. I am deeply impressed by the successful completion of a measurement work. It is not enough to rely solely on the strength and concept of a person. Only the cooperation and solidarity of the group can be fast and efficient. Therefore, in the future work, while constantly strengthening the business ability, we must learn to get along with our peers, learn to be tolerant, and learn to endure.

IV. Internship outlook

This internship is a very important treasure in my life. I learned something I couldn’t learn in school textbooks. Although the theory is the same, it’s not perfect without practice. It’s just a piece of paper. The practical significance.

This internship made me understand that "the paper has a long-lasting feeling." Only by personal experience, it is a perfect study, I believe that I can do my best. Now the country is in need of talents, our country is changing with each passing day, and architecture needs our surveying and mapping talents. I will study hard and serve the motherland in the future!